2026初升高銜接英語必修第一冊Unit4 詞匯+課文預習講義(人教版)

新人教版必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters(單詞+重點速記重點速記派生：disastrousadj.災難性的；disastrouslyad英文：Thefloodisaterriblenaturaldisasdisastrouslyhitbythe派生：rescuern.救援人員；rescuet英文：Soldiersrushedtorescuetrappedvillagers.Therescuelastedt3.damagevt.損害；破壞；n.損壞；損失派生：damagedadj.受損的；dodamageto英文：Thetyphoondamagedhundredsofhouses.Thedamagedroadsneedrepairing.派生：destructionn.毀滅；destructive英文：Thevolcaniceruptiondestroyedthewholevillage.Thesto5.affectvt.影響疾病）侵襲；深深打動派生：effectn.影響；effectivea英文：Manycropswereaffectedbydrought.Thestoryaf6.sheltern.避難處；庇護；vt.保護；掩蔽；vi.躲避英文：Wetookshelterinatemporaryhouse.Tree派生：ruinedadj.毀壞的；inr英文：Thefloodruinedalltheircrops.Theoldtownl8.shockn.震驚；休克；vt.（使）震驚派生：shockedadj.感到震驚的；shockinga英文：Thenewsofthedisa英文：Thestormcutoffallelectricityinthetown.Weus英文：Manyresidentsweretrappedunderfallenbuildings.Theysettrapsforwil派生：beburiedunder被埋在……下；burial英文：Volcanicashburiedmanyhouses.Theyburiedthevictimsres派生：breathn.呼吸；outofbreath氣喘吁吁英文：Peoplecanhardlybreatheinthicksmoke.Heto派生：makeeveryeffort竭盡全力；effortlessad英文：Allrescueworkerssparednoefforttosave英文：Welearnsurvivalwisdomfromnaturaldisasters.Wisechoi派生：inthiscontext在這種情況下；contextualad英文：Weshouldunderstanddisastersinsocialconte派生：sufferingn.苦難；sufferfr英文：Theareasufferedaheavytyphoonlastmonth.Localpeopl派生：volcanicadj.火山的；volcanic英文：Nooneexpectedthevolcanotoeruptsuddenly.Volcanicg18.eruptvi.&vt.派生：eruptionn.爆發；volcanicerupt英文：Themountaineruptedatmidnight.Theeruptioncoveredn英文：Thegovernmentsuppliedfoodtodisasterar派生：typhoonwarning臺風預警；typhoonshel派生：hurricaneseason颶風季；hurricanedama英文：Hurricanesoftenbringhugewavesa22.survivevi.存活；vt.幸存；艱難度過派生：survivorn.幸存者；survival英文：Fewpeoplesurvivedthevolcaniceruption.Thes英文：Thefloodcausedaseriouspowercut.Powerf派生：emergencyaid緊急救援；emergencyroo英文：Callforhelpwhenyoumeetanemergency.Emergenc25.slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑動派生：firstaid急救；give英文：Internationalaidarrivedinthedisasterz27.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊；n.撞車英文：Treescrasheddowninthestrongstorm.Atruckcrashb28.sweepvt.&vi.席卷派生：sweepaway沖走；sweeping英文：Thefloodsweptawaymanyhouses.Stro29.strikevi.&vt.侵襲；擊打；n.襲擊派生：strikehard猛烈侵襲；adisasterstri英文：Thetyphoonstruckthesoutherncoastearlymorning.Li派生：summarizevt.概括；insumma英文：Writeashortsummaryofthedisasterreport.Summarizetherescueprocessbrie6.asif似乎，好像，仿佛）；（21.safelyinstructions安22.stay/keep/remaincal）；28.sweepaway沖走，吹走；消34outof/fromnowhere不知從哪3destroyvi.毀滅，推毀-destroyer破壞者，毀滅—destructionn.破壞4.dievi.死—deadadj.死亡的一deadlyadv.致命5shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.（使）能驚一shockedadj.7.breathn.呼吸—breathevt.&vi.呼吸—breathl8.revivevt.&vi.復活；（使）蘇醒9.effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力—-effortlessadj11sufferw.道受；蒙受因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦—sufferern.受苦者，受難者，患病者一14strikevt.&vi.侵襲，爆發；vt.擊，打一strikern.罷者一strikingadj.引人注目的，顯著的—strickenadj.受15delivervt.&vi.核心詞匯精講核心詞匯精講1.rescuen.&vt.營救;救援Anofficialfromtherescuecentresaidtherescueoperationwasaraceagainsttime.救援中心的一名官員表示,救援行動就是與時間賽跑。Withthehelpofaladder,neighbourswereabletorescuethetrappedwomanfromthebigfire.鄰居們借助一把梯子把受困的女士從大火中救了出來。歸納拓展·rescuesb/sthfrom...從……中營救某人/某物·cometoone’srescue=rescuesb援救某人填空①Atnoonwefinally(rescue)thetouristswhoweretrappedinthevalley.②Heandhisclassmateswerecryingontheplayground,notknowingwhatwasgoingon,whentherescueworkerscametheirrescue.③Thefiremenrescuedsixchildrentheburninghouseyesterday.AfirebrokeoutinthatbuildingyesterdayandtheSmithswerecaughtinthefire.Therescueteamimmediatelycametotheirrescueandrescuedallthefamilyfromthebigfire.昨天那棟樓里發生了火災,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援隊立即趕來援救,把這一家人全都從大火中救2.damagevt.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheUSagriculturaleconomy.在過去的幾十年里,棲息地的喪失、滅蟲劑的使用以及氣候變化已經導致了傳粉昆蟲數量的急劇下降,這破壞了美國的農業經濟。Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿),Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand...一次,我在嘗試橫桿滑板技巧的時候,摔倒在石頭上,傷到了手上的神經……歸納拓展·cause/dodamageto對……造成損害payforthedamage賠償損失·damageone’shealth損害某人的健康(1)填空①Theoldladydideverythinginherpowertoprotecttheoldtemplefrom(damage).②Thestormdidsomedamagethecrops.(2)一句多譯眾所周知,白色垃圾會對環境造成很大的危害。③(damagevt.)④(damagen.)3.affectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動effectn.作用;影響;結果;效果AsfarasI’mconcerned,followingothers’advicewithoutthinkingwillaffectourowndecision.在我看來,不假思索地接受他人的意見將影響我們自己的決定。Affectedbytheprofessor’sinspiringspeech,shedeterminedtobeascientistinherfuture.被教授鼓舞人心的演講深深打動,她決定將來要成為一名科學家。歸納拓展·beaffectedby受……的影響;被……深深打動beaffectedwith感染……疾病haveaneffect/influence/impacton對……有影響(1)填空①Lastweek,thebigstorm(affect)thevillagegreatly,destroyinghousesandcausingafewdeaths.②Affectedabadcold,Tomstillcontinuedtodohiswork.(2)完成句子③(被……深深地打動)thestoryinthebook,thelittleboycouldn’tholdbackhistears.④Scientistsareconvincedthatlaughter(對……有積極的影響)people’sphysicalandmentalhealth.4.ruinn.&vt.破壞;毀壞Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.地震之后整個城市成了一片廢墟,這讓我們徹夜未眠。ThesuddencomingoftheshowerruinedourpicnicintheparklastSunday.上周日突如其來的陣雨毀了我們在公園的野餐。歸納拓展·lie/beinruins成為廢墟;嚴重受損;破敗不堪fallintoruin滅亡;毀壞;敗落·ruinone’sfuture/health/fame毀掉某人的前程/健康/名譽damage表示“損害;破壞”,主要指對價值和功能的破壞,多用于無生命的事物,一般可以修復destroy表示“摧毀;毀滅”,主要指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或變得無用,一般不能或很難恢復ruin表示“破壞;毀壞”,表示嚴重破壞,以致不能修復,但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅得徹底,而是強調致使某物的使用價值產生了問題(1)填空①Withtimegoingon,thecastlewhichwasonceabeautifulsightisnowtotallyruins.②Shortlyaftersufferingfromabigearthquakeandbeingreducedto(ruin),thecitytookonanewlook.③Hemadeamistake,(ruin)hischancetobepromotedasthemanagerofthecompany.(2)完成句子④Heisamanofvisionandthought,andwillnotlettheselittlethings (毀掉他的大好前程).5.shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚shockedadj.震驚的;驚訝的shockingadj.令人震驚的Rescueworkerswereshockedbywhattheysaw.救援人員被眼前的景象驚呆了。Ilookedathiminshock,waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.我震驚地望著他,等著他告訴我,這一切都是我的誤解。歸納拓展·beashocktosb使……吃驚inshock震驚;吃驚toone’sshock令某人震驚的是·beshockedat/bysth對……吃驚beshockedtodosth做某事很吃驚beshockedthat對……感到吃驚填空①Theboylayonthebeach,exhaustedand(shock).②Ofcourse,therearesomepeoplewhofindthedecision(shock)andunreasonable,buttherearemorepeoplewhothinkit’sfine.③EverybodywasshockwhenhearingtheywouldtakeatestonSundayinsteadofhavingapicnic.④Hissituationwasgreatshocktoallofus.6.trapvt.使落入險境;使陷入圈套n.險境;陷阱Whentravellingtheyweretrappedinthemountain,waitingtoberescued.旅行時,他們被困在山上,等待救援。Itwastoolatefortherattorealisethatitwasatrapwaitingfortherat.老鼠意識到這是一個等待它的陷阱,但為時已晚。Rescuerswerestillworkingtheirwaytowardsthetrappedmen.營救人員仍在艱難地向被困者的方向前進。歸納拓展·betrappedin...被困在……;陷入……中trapsbinto(doing)sth誘使某人(做)某事/陷入某事·setatrapfor給……設置陷阱;布下圈套fallintoatrap落入圈套/陷阱填空①Hetriedtosavetwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.②Ifyouchoosethisway,youwillprobablyfallintotrap.③Thelittlerabbitwassmartandswift,avoidingfallingthetrapsetbythefox.7.buryvt.埋葬;安葬Sheheldhermotherclosely,buryingherheadagainsthermother’sshoulder.她緊緊地抱住她的媽媽,把頭靠在她媽媽的肩上。Heburieshimselfinthemedicineresearch,whichhebelieveswillsavemanypeople’slives.他潛心于醫學研究,他相信這將挽救許多人的生命。Heisburiedinwritinghisnovel;inotherwords,hecan’tspareanytimetotakeatripwithus.他埋頭寫小說;換句話說,他抽不出一點時間和我們一起去旅行。歸納拓展buryone’sface/headinone’shands雙手掩面/捂頭buryoneselfin(doing)sth=beburiedin(doing)sth埋頭于/專心于(做)某事(1)完成句子①Uponhearingthenews,he(雙手掩面).(2)一句多譯由于埋頭讀書,他不知道外面下雪了。②(使用burying作狀語)③(使用buried作狀語)8.effortn.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.你可以將這些做法視為一個工具箱,旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己個人情況的極簡主義生活方式。...butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.但是異地友誼——即使是關系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺地去努力維系。歸納拓展putone’seffortintodoingsth把某人的精力投入到做某事中makeaneffort/effortstodosth努力/盡力做某事sparenoefforttodosth不遺余力地做某事with/withouteffort費力地/毫不費力地(1)填空①Parentsoftenarrangeeverythingfortheirchildrenandsparenoeffort(help)theirchildrenachievesuccess.②Idon’tliketomakefriendswithpeoplewhodon’tmakeeffort.(2)一句多譯我們將竭盡全力幫你走出困境。③(makeeveryeffort)④(sparenoeffort)9.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦sufferingn.苦難;痛苦;疼痛;折磨sufferern.受難者;患病者IfIchoosenottolearnfrompeopleofgreatvirtue,Iwillsufferagreatloss.如果我不肯向品德優秀的人學習,我的損失是很大的。Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlives,butitisthesufferingthatmakeusstronger.生活中總有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦難讓我們更加堅強。歸納拓展sufferfrom患……病;因……而受苦;遭受sufferlosses/pain遭受損失/痛苦完成句子①已經籌集了很多錢來幫助遭受洪災的人們。Muchmoneyhasbeenraisedtohelpthose.②盡管遭受如此嚴重的自然災害,但只要不灰心,我們終會克服困難。Althoughsuchaseriousnaturaldisaster,we’lleventuallyovercomethedifficultyaslongaswedon’tloseheart.10.supplyn.供應(量);補給;[pl.]補給品vt.供應;供給Low-pricedgoodsofgoodqualityarealwaysinshortsupply.物美價廉的商品總是供不應求。Thegovernmenthassuppliedplentyoffoodandclothestothelocalpeoplesincetheearthquakeoccurred.→Thegovernmenthassuppliedthelocalpeoplewithplentyoffoodandclothessincetheearthquakeoccurred.政府在地震發生后已經向當地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。歸納拓展·inshortsupply供應不足·supplysthtosb向某人提供某物supplysbwithsth給某人供應某物表示“給某人提供某物”的其他表達:providesbwithsth=providesthforsboffersbsth=offersthtosb(1)一句多譯這個圖書館非常大,可以提供你需要的各種書籍。①Thislibraryisverylargeandcanthatyouneed.②Thislibraryisverylargeandcanthatyouneedyou.(2)填空③Iwanttoknowthereasonwhythefreshfruitisshortsupplyinthisarea.④Food(supply)intheflood-hitareaarerunningout.11.survivevi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艱難度過survivorn.幸存者;生還者survivaln.幸存;殘存物Hadshemanagedtofindherwaybackhome,orwasshestillouttheresomewherestrugglingtosurvive?她是已經找到了回家的路還是仍然在某個地方努力地生存呢?Shesurvivedherhusbandbytenyears,whichcanbeowingtoherhealthylifestyle.她比她丈夫多活了十年,這可能得益于她健康的生活方式。歸納拓展survivesth幸免于/從……中挺過來/活過來survivefrom...從……存活下來surviveon...依靠……生存下來AsurviveBby...A比B活得長……(1)寫出下列句中survive的含義①Thetravellertrappedinthelonelyislandsurvivedonthefishcaughtinthesea.②Hewasveryluckythathedidn’tstarvetodeath,andsurvivedthecoldwinter.③Theoldladyhassurvivedherelderbrotherbytenyears.(2)完成句子④據我所知,他在沙漠里靠一瓶水活了下來。AsfarasIknow,heabottleofwaterinthedesert.課文聚焦課文聚焦Describeanaturaldisas1.Workinpairs.Discussw2.Lookatthetitleandphotobelowandguesswhatthetextisab（［StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewells①roseandfell②,roseandfelandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat(buildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide（動詞-ing短語作伴隨狀語，Mice28July1976,brightlightswereseeninheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleeAt3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseeme（［⑧thecity,oneofthemostdeadly⑨earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethcauseddamagemorethan150kilomthird⑩ofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand3并列的形容詞短語作后置定語,修飾crack）,cutacross⑩hhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.修辭手法］此處使用了隱喻（metaphor）的修辭方法，將泥石流比喻成河流。使用隱喻時，我們通常把被描寫的事物比喻成與之相似的事物，但子中使用like,as等表示"像"的詞語。）Inthirdsofthepeoplewholivedthere（"分數+of+名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞的修飾先行詞people，who在從句中作主語。）deadorinjured.Thleft....withoutparents.（"leave+賓語+賓補"結構的被動形式）Thenumberof④werekilledorbadlythan400,000.nothingbutruins（［句型］Therewas/isnothingbut...表示"除了……之外，什么都沒75percent⑩ofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitals（［詞語或結構，來明確地比喻和描述。）,butnowerenowuseless⑩piecesofmetal⑩.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereinshock—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardto語。）.outthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead（兩個并列的動Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplanstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesswasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomomillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvirhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandreb1.ChickensandevenpigsweretrappedandtoburythedeacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India過去40年來最強的一次地震引起的海4.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmy6.Itseemedasiftheworld1.Theeruptionofthis(火山)wouldbedestr2.Therisingpriceoffuelislargelyaresultofanindependencebetween(供應)anddemand.3.Theyescapedthroughan(緊急)exitandc4.IfyouchooseanarticleinFrench,pleasestill5.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno(效6.Thepresidentwill(7.Mymotheroftenremindsme,“Stay(鎮靜)”,a8.Mary(輕拍)herforeheadandlookedannoyedwithherself.9.InthePacificsuchstormsar10.Theplane(wells1(rise)andfelonthemorningof28July,1976,everythingbegantoshake.3NearlyonethirdofChinafeltthepowerofthequake.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Withinoneminute,4wholecitylayinruins—almosteverythingwaPeoplewere6(shock)atthisandwhatwasworse,thenanotherbweretrappedandtoburyttobreatheagafthecity'speople,ane 2.她的頭發越發灰白了,就像蓋上了霜和雪。(asHerhairgrewgreyera 3.Thetwocountriesareatwarandtheshelter→Thetwocountriesar allthechildren.(so..新人教版必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters(單詞+重點速記重點速記派生：disastrousadj.災難性的；disastrouslyad英文：Thefloodisaterriblenaturaldisasdisastrouslyhitbythe派生：rescuern.救援人員；rescuet英文：Soldiersrushedtorescuetrappedvillagers.Therescuelastedt3.damagevt.損害；破壞；n.損壞；損失派生：damagedadj.受損的；dodamageto英文：Thetyphoondamagedhundredsofhouses.Thedamagedroadsneedrepairing.派生：destructionn.毀滅；destructive英文：Thevolcaniceruptiondestroyedthewholevillage.Thesto5.affectvt.影響疾病）侵襲；深深打動派生：effectn.影響；effectivea英文：Manycropswereaffectedbydrought.Thestoryaf6.sheltern.避難處；庇護；vt.保護；掩蔽；vi.躲避英文：Wetookshelterinatemporaryhouse.Tree派生：ruinedadj.毀壞的；inr英文：Thefloodruinedalltheircrops.Theoldtownl8.shockn.震驚；休克；vt.（使）震驚派生：shockedadj.感到震驚的；shockinga英文：Thenewsofthedisa英文：Thestormcutoffallelectricityinthetown.Weus英文：Manyresidentsweretrappedunderfallenbuildings.Theysettrapsforwil派生：beburiedunder被埋在……下；burial英文：Volcanicashburiedmanyhouses.Theyburiedthevictimsres派生：breathn.呼吸；outofbreath氣喘吁吁英文：Peoplecanhardlybreatheinthicksmoke.Heto派生：makeeveryeffort竭盡全力；effortlessad英文：Allrescueworkerssparednoefforttosave英文：Welearnsurvivalwisdomfromnaturaldisasters.Wisechoi派生：inthiscontext在這種情況下；contextualad英文：Weshouldunderstanddisastersinsocialconte派生：sufferingn.苦難；sufferfr英文：Theareasufferedaheavytyphoonlastmonth.Localpeopl派生：volcanicadj.火山的；volcanic英文：Nooneexpectedthevolcanotoeruptsuddenly.Volcanicg18.eruptvi.&vt.派生：eruptionn.爆發；volcanicerupt英文：Themountaineruptedatmidnight.Theeruptioncoveredn英文：Thegovernmentsuppliedfoodtodisasterar派生：typhoonwarning臺風預警；typhoonshel派生：hurricaneseason颶風季；hurricanedama英文：Hurricanesoftenbringhugewavesa22.survivevi.存活；vt.幸存；艱難度過派生：survivorn.幸存者；survival英文：Fewpeoplesurvivedthevolcaniceruption.Thes英文：Thefloodcausedaseriouspowercut.Powerf派生：emergencyaid緊急救援；emergencyroo英文：Callforhelpwhenyoumeetanemergency.Emergenc25.slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑動派生：firstaid急救；give英文：Internationalaidarrivedinthedisasterz27.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞擊；n.撞車英文：Treescrasheddowninthestrongstorm.Atruckcrashb28.sweepvt.&vi.席卷派生：sweepaway沖走；sweeping英文：Thefloodsweptawaymanyhouses.Stro29.strikevi.&vt.侵襲；擊打；n.襲擊派生：strikehard猛烈侵襲；adisasterstri英文：Thetyphoonstruckthesoutherncoastearlymorning.Li派生：summarizevt.概括；insumma英文：Writeashortsummaryofthedisasterreport.Summarizetherescueprocessbrie6.asif似乎，好像，仿佛）；（21.safelyinstructions安22.stay/keep/remaincal）；28.sweepaway沖走，吹走；消34outof/fromnowhere不知從哪3destroyvi.毀滅，推毀-destroyer破壞者，毀滅—destructionn.破壞4.dievi.死—deadadj.死亡的一deadlyadv.致命5shockn.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.（使）能驚一shockedadj.7.breathn.呼吸—breathevt.&vi.呼吸—breathl8.revivevt.&vi.復活；（使）蘇醒9.effortn.努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力—-effortlessadj11sufferw.道受；蒙受因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦—sufferern.受苦者，受難者，患病者一14strikevt.&vi.侵襲，爆發；vt.擊，打一strikern.罷者一strikingadj.引人注目的，顯著的—strickenadj.受15delivervt.&vi.核心詞匯精講核心詞匯精講1.rescuen.&vt.營救;救援Anofficialfromtherescuecentresaidtherescueoperationwasaraceagainsttime.救援中心的一名官員表示,救援行動就是與時間賽跑。Withthehelpofaladder,neighbourswereabletorescuethetrappedwomanfromthebigfire.鄰居們借助一把梯子把受困的女士從大火中救了出來。歸納拓展·rescuesb/sthfrom...從……中營救某人/某物·cometoone’srescue=rescuesb援救某人填空①Atnoonwefinally(rescue)thetouristswhoweretrappedinthevalley.②Heandhisclassmateswerecryingontheplayground,notknowingwhatwasgoingon,whentherescueworkerscametheirrescue.③Thefiremenrescuedsixchildrentheburninghouseyesterday.答案:①rescued②to③fromAfirebrokeoutinthatbuildingyesterdayandtheSmithswerecaughtinthefire.Therescueteamimmediatelycametotheirrescueandrescuedallthefamilyfromthebigfire.昨天那棟樓里發生了火災,史密斯一家被困在了火中。救援隊立即趕來援救,把這一家人全都從大火中救2.damagevt.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheUSagriculturaleconomy.在過去的幾十年里,棲息地的喪失、滅蟲劑的使用以及氣候變化已經導致了傳粉昆蟲數量的急劇下降,這破壞了美國的農業經濟。Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿),Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand...一次,我在嘗試橫桿滑板技巧的時候,摔倒在石頭上,傷到了手上的神經……歸納拓展·cause/dodamageto對……造成損害payforthedamage賠償損失·damageone’shealth損害某人的健康(1)填空①Theoldladydideverythinginherpowertoprotecttheoldtemplefrom(damage).②Thestormdidsomedamagethecrops.(2)一句多譯眾所周知,白色垃圾會對環境造成很大的危害。③(damagevt.)④(damagen.)答案:(1)①beingdamaged②to(2)③It’swellknownthatwhitetrashgreatlydamagestheenvironment.④Asweallknow,whitetrashdoesgreatdamagetotheenvironment.3.affectvt.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動effectn.作用;影響;結果;效果AsfarasI’mconcerned,followingothers’advicewithoutthinkingwillaffectourowndecision.在我看來,不假思索地接受他人的意見將影響我們自己的決定。Affectedbytheprofessor’sinspiringspeech,shedeterminedtobeascientistinherfuture.被教授鼓舞人心的演講深深打動,她決定將來要成為一名科學家。歸納拓展·beaffectedby受……的影響;被……深深打動beaffectedwith感染……疾病haveaneffect/influence/impacton對……有影響(1)填空①Lastweek,thebigstorm(affect)thevillagegreatly,destroyinghousesandcausingafewdeaths.②Affectedabadcold,Tomstillcontinuedtodohiswork.(2)完成句子③(被……深深地打動)thestoryinthebook,thelittleboycouldn’tholdbackhistears.④Scientistsareconvincedthatlaughter(對……有積極的影響)people’sphysicalandmentalhealth.答案:(1)①affected②with(2)③Affectedby④hasapositiveeffect/influence/impacton4.ruinn.&vt.破壞;毀壞Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.地震之后整個城市成了一片廢墟,這讓我們徹夜未眠。ThesuddencomingoftheshowerruinedourpicnicintheparklastSunday.上周日突如其來的陣雨毀了我們在公園的野餐。歸納拓展·lie/beinruins成為廢墟;嚴重受損;破敗不堪fallintoruin滅亡;毀壞;敗落·ruinone’sfuture/health/fame毀掉某人的前程/健康/名譽damage表示“損害;破壞”,主要指對價值和功能的破壞,多用于無生命的事物,一般可以修復destroy表示“摧毀;毀滅”,主要指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或變得無用,一般不能或很難恢復ruin表示“破壞;毀壞”,表示嚴重破壞,以致不能修復,但這種破壞不像destroy那樣毀滅得徹底,而是強調致使某物的使用價值產生了問題(1)填空①Withtimegoingon,thecastlewhichwasonceabeautifulsightisnowtotallyruins.②Shortlyaftersufferingfromabigearthquakeandbeingreducedto(ruin),thecitytookonanewlook.③Hemadeamistake,(ruin)hischancetobepromotedasthemanagerofthecompany.(2)完成句子④Heisamanofvisionandthought,andwillnotlettheselittlethings (毀掉他的大好前程).答案:(1)①in②ruins③ruining(2)④ruinhispromisingfuture5.shockn.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克vt.(使)震驚shockedadj.震驚的;驚訝的shockingadj.令人震驚的Rescueworkerswereshockedbywhattheysaw.救援人員被眼前的景象驚呆了。Ilookedathiminshock,waitingforhimtotellmethatIhadmisunderstoodeverything.我震驚地望著他,等著他告訴我,這一切都是我的誤解。歸納拓展·beashocktosb使……吃驚inshock震驚;吃驚toone’sshock令某人震驚的是·beshockedat/bysth對……吃驚beshockedtodosth做某事很吃驚beshockedthat對……感到吃驚填空①Theboylayonthebeach,exhaustedand(shock).②Ofcourse,therearesomepeoplewhofindthedecision(shock)andunreasonable,buttherearemorepeoplewhothinkit’sfine.③EverybodywasshockwhenhearingtheywouldtakeatestonSundayinsteadofhavingapicnic.④Hissituationwasgreatshocktoallofus.答案:①shocked②shocking③in④a6.trapvt.使落入險境;使陷入圈套n.險境;陷阱Whentravellingtheyweretrappedinthemountain,waitingtoberescued.旅行時,他們被困在山上,等待救援。Itwastoolatefortherattorealisethatitwasatrapwaitingfortherat.老鼠意識到這是一個等待它的陷阱,但為時已晚。Rescuerswerestillworkingtheirwaytowardsthetrappedmen.營救人員仍在艱難地向被困者的方向前進。歸納拓展·betrappedin...被困在……;陷入……中trapsbinto(doing)sth誘使某人(做)某事/陷入某事·setatrapfor給……設置陷阱;布下圈套fallintoatrap落入圈套/陷阱填空①Hetriedtosavetwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.②Ifyouchoosethisway,youwillprobablyfallintotrap.③Thelittlerabbitwassmartandswift,avoidingfallingthetrapsetbythefox.答案:①hadbeentrapped②a③into7.buryvt.埋葬;安葬Sheheldhermotherclosely,buryingherheadagainsthermother’sshoulder.她緊緊地抱住她的媽媽,把頭靠在她媽媽的肩上。Heburieshimselfinthemedicineresearch,whichhebelieveswillsavemanypeople’slives.他潛心于醫學研究,他相信這將挽救許多人的生命。Heisburiedinwritinghisnovel;inotherwords,hecan’tspareanytimetotakeatripwithus.他埋頭寫小說;換句話說,他抽不出一點時間和我們一起去旅行。歸納拓展buryone’sface/headinone’shands雙手掩面/捂頭buryoneselfin(doing)sth=beburiedin(doing)sth埋頭于/專心于(做)某事(1)完成句子①Uponhearingthenews,he(雙手掩面).(2)一句多譯由于埋頭讀書,他不知道外面下雪了。②(使用burying作狀語)③(使用buried作狀語)答案:(1)①buriedhisfaceinhishands(2)②Buryinghimselfinreading,hedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.③Buriedinreading,hedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.8.effortn.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.你可以將這些做法視為一個工具箱,旨在幫助你建立一種適合自己個人情況的極簡主義生活方式。...butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.但是異地友誼——即使是關系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺地去努力維系。歸納拓展putone’seffortintodoingsth把某人的精力投入到做某事中makeaneffort/effortstodosth努力/盡力做某事sparenoefforttodosth不遺余力地做某事with/withouteffort費力地/毫不費力地(1)填空①Parentsoftenarrangeeverythingfortheirchildrenandsparenoeffort(help)theirchildrenachievesuccess.②Idon’tliketomakefriendswithpeoplewhodon’tmakeeffort.(2)一句多譯我們將竭盡全力幫你走出困境。③(makeeveryeffort)④(sparenoeffort)答案:(1)①tohelp②an(2)③Wewillmakeeveryefforttohelpyououtoftrouble.④Wewillsparenoefforttohelpyououtoftrouble.9.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦sufferingn.苦難;痛苦;疼痛;折磨sufferern.受難者;患病者IfIchoosenottolearnfrompeopleofgreatvirtue,Iwillsufferagreatloss.如果我不肯向品德優秀的人學習,我的損失是很大的。Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlives,butitisthesufferingthatmakeusstronger.生活中總有一些起起伏伏,但是正是苦難讓我們更加堅強。歸納拓展sufferfrom患……病;因……而受苦;遭受sufferlosses/pain遭受損失/痛苦完成句子①已經籌集了很多錢來幫助遭受洪災的人們。Muchmoneyhasbeenraisedtohelpthose.②盡管遭受如此嚴重的自然災害,但只要不灰心,我們終會克服困難。Althoughsuchaseriousnaturaldisaster,we’lleventuallyovercomethedifficultyaslongaswedon’tloseheart.答案:①sufferingfromthefloods②wearesuffering10.supplyn.供應(量);補給;[pl.]補給品vt.供應;供給Low-pricedgoodsofgoodqualityarealw