初升高英語銜接講義：句子成分

高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識的靈活運用和理解，更多地在語篇語法【初中句子成分考點聚焦】3、代詞(pron.)：主要用來代替名詞。如：who,s4、數(shù)詞(num.)：表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、介詞(prep.)：表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如in,on,from,above.7、形容詞(adj..)：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征slowly.9、連詞(conj.)：用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and,but,before.WespeakChinese.我Ilikelightmusic.HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看電視。（athMyfatherisawriter.我父親是一名作家。（【高中句子成分考點聚焦】—Q課標(biāo)解讀句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C（主+謂+賓+賓總的來說，高中英語在句子成分的理解上要求更為深入和全面，需要學(xué)生具備更強的語言分析能力和應(yīng)用能力。—Q考點清單句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不Duringthe1990s,AmericancountryOne-thirdofthestudentsinthisWhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtestItisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracti如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeseem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語OurteacherofEnglishisanAmericaHisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛好）isplaThetruthisthath TheywenttoseeanexhibitionTheheavyrainpreventedmeformcomiHowmanydictionariesdoyouhave?ITheyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhousewIenjoylisteningtoIthink（that）heisfitfor賓語種類1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補例如：Theyelectedhimth 英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismonWesawherenteringWewillsoonmakeourcit ChinaisadevelopingcountryTherearethirtywomenteachersHisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeuOurmonitorisalwaysthefirstTheteachingplanfornexttermhasHeisreadinganarticleabo HehaslivedinthecitHeisproudtohavepassedthenationalHeisintheroommaLastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartyIshallgothereifitdoeSheputtheeggsintotheInordertocatchupwiththeothers,ImHewassotiredthathefellasl 對句子中的某一成分作進一步解釋、說明，與前面的成分在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語。（1）名詞：We,theChinesepeople,aredeterminedtobuildChinaintoa（2）代詞：Theyallwantedtoseehim.Hehimselfdoesn’tknowwhy.（4）不定式：Theirlatestproposal,toconcentrateonprimaryeducation,hasme（5）動名詞：Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,w（6）of短語：ThecityofRomeisaattractiveplace.（7）從句（同位語從句）：Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomo1．Analyzethesentencecomponentoftheund4．Theyoungman’sdreamtobecomeanastronauthasneverc5．Ithappenedthatayoungwriterwithnopsentenceelementoftheunderlinedwords?6．Everynightbeforebedtime,hecarefullylaysthebabyonaftertomorrow”is11．Featuresarewritteninan13．Theoldmansittingunderthetreeismygran14．Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.What’sthefunctiono15．Theypaintedthedoorgreen.What’s16．Afterthelonghike,the18．Tomasteraforet20．Thenumberofonlineshoppersinthisar二．分析句子:閱讀下列短文,判斷其中粗體字所作的成分。arnpaper-cuttingintheafter-schoolclub.Thebeautifulredpatternsonpaperare2.aprecioustrkculture.Weneedtocollectdifferentkindsofmaterithewindowisanexpertwith4.richpractica1.Learningtraditionalculturehelpsteenagersbuildgoodculturalconfcoursesandletstudents2.explorelocalhandicrafts.Thecolourfulhandcraclassroom.Studentscanimprovetheirpracticalskills4.bScientists1.arestudyingthevapaper-cutworksonshow.Theartdifferentcountriesregardthesearts4.aspricelessculturalwmillion?TheanswerfromLocatedintheeasterndistrict(區(qū))ofTongzhou,BeijingLibrary2(become)apopulaitopenedinlateDecember.Itreceivedover80,000visitsduringthethreattractednotonlybythelibrary’sbuilding,butalsobyitsplentifulcollectionofbooksandCoveringsome75,000squaremetres,BeijingLibrarystacks(書庫)onthelibrary’sbasementfloorplayakeyrole.TheyarepartofthautomatedstorageandretThestackshaveastorageareaoflemillionbookslargelyduetoReaderswhoprefernottotraveltothelibooktotheirdoorstep.TheserviceisopenProvince.TheInternationalLinguisticsOlympiad(IOL)isacompetiticountryeachyearsince2003.Itchallengesparticipants,bothindividuallya的)puzzles.TocompeteattheIOL,nospecialknowledgeisrequired,onlybandcreativethinking.TrythisbeginnersampletoseeiftheIOLisrightAmericancountriesarewrittenintranslations:???????Q:WhatistheEnglishnameofthisTheSolution·TheGeorgianformsof“Peru”and“Uruguay”havethesamenumberoflettersastheirEnglishnames,showingadirectlettermatch.confirmsGeorgianiswrittenleft-tGeorgianversion,buttWiththeseletters, A,”whichis“ArgentinchoicethatcannotbechangedlessthantwoweeksbeforetheOlympiaproblemwithtwohoursless.·Unlessinstructed,givingmultiple(多樣的)answerswrequiredforeachanswer;failuretoprovideonethenumberofgold,silver,andbronzemedalsawardedshallbeintheratio1:2:3,withthetotalnumberobeingbetweenonequarterandonethirdofthecontestants.ClickheretofC．Theresultofgivingmultiple13．Ifthereare240individualcontestants高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識的靈活運用和理解，更多地在語篇語法【初中句子成分考點聚焦】3、代詞(pron.)：主要用來代替名詞。如：who,s4、數(shù)詞(num.)：表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、介詞(prep.)：表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如in,on,from,above.7、形容詞(adj..)：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征slowly.9、連詞(conj.)：用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and,but,before.WespeakChinese.我Ilikelightmusic.HeiswatchingTVathome.他在家看電視。（athMyfatherisawriter.我父親是一名作家。（【高中句子成分考點聚焦】—Q課標(biāo)解讀句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓+直賓）、S+V+O+C（主+謂+賓+賓總的來說，高中英語在句子成分的理解上要求更為深入和全面，需要學(xué)生具備更強的語言分析能力和應(yīng)用能力?！猀考點清單句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不Duringthe1990s,AmericancountryOne-thirdofthestudentsinthisWhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtestItisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepracti如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeseem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語OurteacherofEnglishisanAmericaHisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛好）isplaThetruthisthath TheywenttoseeanexhibitionTheheavyrainpreventedmeformcomiHowmanydictionariesdoyouhave?ITheyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhousewIenjoylisteningtoIthink（that）heisfitfor賓語種類1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補例如：Theyelectedhimth 英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismonWesawherenteringWewillsoonmakeourcit ChinaisadevelopingcountryTherearethirtywomenteachersHisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeuOurmonitorisalwaysthefirstTheteachingplanfornexttermhasHeisreadinganarticleabo HehaslivedinthecitHeisproudtohavepassedthenationalHeisintheroommaLastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartyIshallgothereifitdoeSheputtheeggsintotheInordertocatchupwiththeothers,ImHewassotiredthathefellasl 對句子中的某一成分作進一步解釋、說明，與前面的成分在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位語。（1）名詞：We,theChinesepeople,aredeterminedtobuildChinaintoa（2）代詞：Theyallwantedtoseehim.Hehimselfdoesn’tknowwhy.（4）不定式：Theirlatestproposal,toconcentrateonprimaryeducation,hasme（5）動名詞：Thefirstplan,attackingatnight,w（6）of短語：ThecityofRomeisaattractiveplace.（7）從句（同位語從句）：Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomo1．Analyzethesentencecomponentoftheund【答案】Abe句型中，主語通常位于謂語動詞之后，真正的主語是后面的名詞短語acat，表示存在的事物。因此，劃線部分acat在句中充當(dāng)主語。故選A。【答案】C【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：謝謝，媽媽。這是我收到過的最好的禮物。根據(jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知畫線部分是一個省略了關(guān)系詞的定語從句，意為“我收到過的”，修飾先行詞“gift”，關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充【答案】D4．Theyoungman’sdreamtobecomeanastronauthasneverc【答案】C【詳解】考查句子成分。句意：這個年輕人想成為宇航員的夢想從未改變。分析句子可知，題干中主句為“Theyoungman’sdreamhasneverchanged”（年輕人的夢想從未改變），劃線部分“tobecomeanastronaut”一事物（夢想=成為宇航員符合同位語的定義。故選C項。5．Ithappenedthatayoungwriterwithnopsentenceelementoftheunderlinedwords?【答案】Dpublishingexperience”是一個介詞短語，用來修飾前面的名詞“ayoungwriter”，說明這位作家的特征，作定6．Everynightbeforebedtime,hecarefullylaysthebabyon【答案】B【答案】C【答案】A【詳解】考查句子成分判斷。句意：她爸爸給她買了一臺新電腦作為生日禮物。句子主干為“Hsth.”，其中“sth.”作直接賓語，【答案】B動詞，意為“變得”。系動詞后需接表語，“cold”描述主語“it”（天氣）的狀態(tài)，符合形容詞作表語的語法功aftertomorrow”is【答案】B【詳解】考查句子成分辨析。句意：她后天會在機場等你。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“thedayaftertomorrow”意為“后天”，用于說明謂語動詞“willbewaiting11．Featuresarewritteninan【答案】Abackground在句中作伴隨狀語，說明特征的編寫帶有額外的細節(jié)和背景。故【答案】C13．Theoldmansittingunderthetreeismygran【答案】Aismygrandfather”是句子主干，為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。其中“sittingunderthetree(坐在樹下的)”是劃線部分，用于修飾主語“Theoldman”，說明“老人”的具體狀態(tài)14．Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.What’sthefunctiono【答案】AC.Adverbial狀語；D.Complement補足語。intheclassroom是介詞短語，用來修飾限定前面的名詞the15．Theypaintedthedoorgreen.What’s【答案】C【詳解】考查句子成分。句意：他們把門漆成了綠色。劃線單詞的語法功能是什么？They“他們”作主語，painted“在……上刷油漆”是謂語動詞，thedoor“門”是賓語，劃線詞green“綠色的”，用于補充說明賓語thedoor在動作painted之后所處的狀態(tài)（即門被漆后的顏色為賓16．Afterthelonghike,the【答案】B【詳解】考查句子成分。句意：“Afterthelonghike,theclimbersfeltextremelytiredandthirsty.(長途徒步后，longhike”為狀語，劃線部分“extremelytiredandthirsty”用于說明主語“theclimb【答案】Dweshouldgoforoursum18．Tomasterafore【答案】A【詳解】考查句子成分。句意：要在三個月內(nèi)掌握一門外語是有挑戰(zhàn)性的。劃線部分（Tomasteraforeignlanguageinthreemonths）是什么句子成分？A.Subject.主語；B.Adverbial.狀語；C.Verb.（謂語）動詞；D.（Subject），是句子描述的核心對象；“is”為系動詞（Verb），用于連接主語和表語；“challenging(有挑戰(zhàn)性的)”為表語（Predicative），用于說明【答案】C子成分？A.Attributive.定語；B.Adverbial.狀語；C.Complement.補語；D.Predicative.表語。句子主干為“主式短語“toinvestmoremoneyinresearchanddevelopmen20．Thenumberofonlineshoppersinthisar【答案】A【詳解】考查句子成分。句意：今年該地區(qū)的網(wǎng)購者的數(shù)量增加了30%。劃線部分是什么句子成分？A.二．分析句子:閱讀下列短文,判斷其中粗體字所作的成分。arnpaper-cuttingintheafter-schoolclub.Thebeautifulredpatternsonpaperare2.aprecioustrkculture.Weneedtocollectdifferentkindsofmaterithewindowisanexpertwith4.richpractica1.Learningtraditionalculturehelpsteenagersbuildgoodculturalconfcoursesandletstudents2.explorelocalhandicrafts.Thecolourfulhandcraclassroom.Studentscanimprovetheirpracticalskills4.bScientists1.arestudyingthevapaper-cutworksonshow.Theartdifferentcountriesregardthesearts4.aspricelessculturalwmillion?TheanswerfromLocatedintheeasterndistrict(區(qū))ofTongzhou,BeijingLibrary2(become)apopulaitopenedinlateDecember.Itreceivedover80,000visitsduringthethreattractednotonlybythelibrary’sbuilding,butalsobyitsplentifulcollectionofbooksandCoveringsome75,000squaremetres,BeijingLibrarystacks(書庫)onthelibrary’sbasementfloorplayakeyrole.TheyarepartofthautomatedstorageandretThestackshaveastorageareaoflemillionbookslargelyduetoReaderswhoprefernottotraveltothelibooktotheirdoorstep.TheserviceisopenProvince.【答案】到書？固定句型Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.知，用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語BeijingLibrary實，用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語BeijingLibrary為單數(shù)，謂語用house“容納”的第三人稱單數(shù)形式houses。5．考查非謂語動詞。句意：它們是中國最大的單體圖書自動化存取檢索系統(tǒng)（也稱為AS/RS）的一部分。6．考查副詞。句意：這些書庫總占地面積不足3000平方米，然而，由于它們的特殊設(shè)計，它們可存儲多7．考查代詞。句意：這些書庫總占地面積不足3000平方米，然而，由于它們的特殊設(shè)計，它們可存儲多8．考查形容詞。句意：在傳統(tǒng)圖書館中，存放這么多書至少需要一萬平方米的空間。空后是名詞library，10．考查介詞。句意：這項服務(wù)面向北京及鄰近的天津、河北的讀者開放。TheInternationalLinguisticsOlympiad(IOL)isacompetiticountryeachyearsince2003.Itchallengesparticipants,bothindividuallya的)puzzles.TocompeteattheIOL,nospecialknowledgeisrequired,onlybandcreati