電子課件-《世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)閱讀教程II》課件完整全部教學(xué)課件

世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)新世紀(jì)高職高專公共英語(yǔ)類課程規(guī)劃教材CENTURYENGLISHUnit1TravellingAround篇章結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)閱讀中十分重要的技巧，在近年來(lái)的英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試中也出現(xiàn)了對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，因此掌握閱讀中的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)提高閱讀理解能力十分重要。對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的考查主要分為兩個(gè)部分：一是按照段落的組織方式理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)；二是按照寫作方法或論證方法理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)。理解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵在于把握文章脈絡(luò)。理清文章層次、段落之間的關(guān)系、文章主題，對(duì)于提高閱讀效率、做題正確率都十分有幫助。英語(yǔ)文章十分講究主題段和主題句的使用，因此，考生如果能掌握對(duì)主題段和主題句的把握，會(huì)大大提高對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握。主題段通常在文章的開頭，作用是概括全文、提出論點(diǎn)或觀點(diǎn)。根據(jù)寫作方法的不同，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在不同段落的開頭，有時(shí)也會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段中或末尾。跟在主題句后的通常是對(duì)主題句的論證，包括舉例、比較、類比等，這一部分都是用來(lái)輔助主題句或主題段的。因此，考生可以有選擇地對(duì)論證部分做速讀或略讀。除主題段和主題句外，文章通常還會(huì)有結(jié)論段或結(jié)論句，用來(lái)重申主題、強(qiáng)調(diào)論點(diǎn)、總結(jié)全文。SectionAReadingSkills篇章結(jié)構(gòu)可以從以下幾點(diǎn)進(jìn)行把握：

1.主題段通常在文章開頭，簡(jiǎn)明概括全文；

2.重點(diǎn)把握每段的主題句，并能識(shí)別主題句后的論證，進(jìn)行有選擇的速讀或略讀；

3.關(guān)注文章的結(jié)論段或結(jié)論句，此處是對(duì)主題的再次重申；

4.關(guān)注段與段、句與句之間的邏輯連接詞，例如表轉(zhuǎn)折的but,however,nevertheless等；表遞進(jìn)的furthermore,moreover,also,besides等；表因果的because,since,so等。這些連接詞都是作者對(duì)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的提示。SectionAReadingSkillsReadthefollowingpassage.

Accordingtosociologists,everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification.Class,powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople’sranksinsociety.

Classmeansaperson’seconomicpositioninsociety.Acommonlyusedclassificationislowerclass,middleclassandupperclass.Whilesociologistsdisagreeonhowthesetermsshouldbeexactlydefined,theydodescribesocietiesliketheUnitedStatesquitewell.Onestudyshowsthat53%ofAmericansbelongtothelowerclass,46%themiddleclassand1%theupperclass.Interestingly,asurgeonearning$500,000ayearandabusdriverearning$50,000ayearbothregardthemselvesasthemiddleclass.SectionAReadingSkills

Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.Obviously,peopleofhighpositions(suchasgovernors)exercisebigpower,butpeoplewhotakeordersfromothershavelesspower.Powerandclassdonotalwaysgohandinhand,however.Forexample,thegovernorofastatehasgreatpower,butheorshemaynotbelongtoacorrespondingeconomicclass.Generally,thereisarelationshipbetweenpowerandclass.Toourknowledge,therearenottoomanypeoplewhoarenotmillionairesintheU.S.Senate!

Statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoaperson’spositioninsociety.Itcanalsobeaffectedbypowerandclass,butnotnecessarilyso.Forexample,auniversityprofessormayhaveahighstatusbutnotbelongtoahighsocialclassorhavealotofpoweroverothers.SectionAReadingSkills閱讀這篇文章時(shí)，在沒(méi)有明顯文章標(biāo)題以及段落小標(biāo)題的情況下，我們需要重點(diǎn)利用主題段以及主題句去把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和主旨信息。從文章第一句話“Accordingtosociologists,everymodernindustrialsocietyhassomeformofsocialstratification.”我們可以看出，這是一篇講述社會(huì)等級(jí)的文章。第一段最后一句話“Class,powerandstatusareimportantindecidingpeople’sranksinsociety.”我們可以看出，有三個(gè)要素對(duì)于社會(huì)等級(jí)的劃分十分重要，這三個(gè)要素分別是：class，power和status。第二段首句是“Classmeansaperson’seconomicpositioninsociety.”，第三段首句是“Powerreferstotheamountofcontrolapersonhasoverotherpeople.”，第四段的首句是“Statusisthehonororrespectattachedtoaperson’spositioninsociety.”。因此，通過(guò)瀏覽文章首段以及各段的首句我們可以看出，這是一篇“總—分”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章。文章第一段概括class，power和status對(duì)社會(huì)分級(jí)有影響，然后分為三段依次分述class，power和status這三個(gè)要素。在了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)之后，我們可以快速識(shí)別在二到四段的主題句之后，是對(duì)每一個(gè)主題句的闡釋，因此在了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以略讀甚至不讀。在遇到相關(guān)題目時(shí)可根據(jù)每段的主題句快速定位，再進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的詳細(xì)閱讀。SectionAReadingSkillscapsulecontainarchitectureSectionBReadingPracticeTask1Readthefollowingpassage,andanswerquestions1-10.Vocabularyn.1.asmallcontainerwhichhasameasuredamountofamedicineinsideandwhichdissolveswhenyouswallowit（裝藥物的）膠囊2.thepartofaspacecraftinwhichpeopletravel太空艙；航天艙v.1.ifsth.containssth.else,ithasthatthinginsideitoraspartofit包含；含有；容納2.tokeepyourfeelingsundercontrol控制，抑制（感情）n.thedesignorstyleofabuildingorbuildings建筑設(shè)計(jì)；建筑風(fēng)格SectionBReadingPracticeParagraph1

For20years,onelarge“eye”haswatchedoverthedevelopmentoftheUK’scapitalcity,attracting3.5millioncustomerseveryyear.Buthowwasthe“LondonEye”designed?Paragraph2

In1993acompetitionwaslaunchedforarchitectsanddesignerstocreateasuitablelandmarktocelebratetheupcomingturnofthemillennium.Noentrywaseverchosen,butthatdidn’tstopDavidMarksandJuliaBarfieldfrompresentingtheirentrytocityplannersanyway.Theirideawasthe“MillenniumWheel”,whichwouldlaterberenamedthe“LondonEye”.Paragraph3

AskeypartsinthisupdatedversionofatraditionalFerriswheel,thepassengercapsulesareanexcellentfeature.Theyallowpassengerstobecompletelycontained,insteadoftheusualopen-airones.Asalargeopenspacewithminimalseating,theexperienceinsideaimstocreateafeelingoffreedom,allowingpeopletoexploretheviewsfromunlimitedangles.SectionBReadingPracticeParagraph4

Theoriginaldesignofthe“Wheel”had60pods—symbolicoftheminutesonaclockface.However,inpractice,thisprovedtoomany,aspackingthemcloselytogetherlimitedtheirviewingrange.Today,32podscanbecountedaroundthewheel,equallingthenumberofboroughsinLondon.Paragraph5

ThisuniquepieceofarchitecturewascompletedbyspecialistsallacrossEurope:themainstructurewasbuiltintheNetherlands,thecablesinItaly,therimbearingsinGermanyandthecapsulesinaskiresortinFrance.Thecapsulestheycreatedcanholdupto800peopleatatimeandconstantlyrotateeveryday,remindingofalltheturningsofthemillenniuminacitythatneverstops.SectionBReadingPracticeQuestions1-5Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistinthebox.ThereisoneheadingyoudoNOTneed.1.Paragraph1_________2.Paragraph2_________3.Paragraph3_________4.Paragraph4_________5.Paragraph5_________A.UniquetraitB.CombinedbuildingC.InitialdesignD.AttractivewitnessE.DesignalterationF.LandmarkselectionDFAEBSectionBReadingPracticeQuestions6-10CompletethesentenceswiththeEXACTwords,phrasesornumbersfromthepassage.YoumustuseNOMORETHANTHREEwordsforeachblank.6.Thereare3.5million_________annuallyattractedbyonelarge“eye”intheUK’scapitalcity.7.Architectsanddesignerstookpartina___________forcreatingasuitablelandmarkinLondon.8.Distinctfromtheusualopen-airones,the“LondonEye”allowspassengerstobe____________________.9.Londonhas___boroughs,equallingthenumberofpodsaroundthewheel.10.ManyEuropean__________havemadecontributionstothecompletionofthisuniquearchitecture.customerscompetitioncompletelycontained32specialistsitineraryembodimentmaritimeautonomousSectionBReadingPracticeTask2ReadthefollowingtwotextsaboutFuzhouandDunhuang,andanswerquestions11-20.Vocabularyn.aplanofajourney,includingtherouteandtheplacesthatyouvisit行程；旅行日程n.apersonorthingthatrepresentsorisatypicalexampleofanidea

oraquality（體現(xiàn)一種思想或品質(zhì)的）典型，化身adj.1.connectedwiththeseaorships海的；海事的；海運(yùn)的

2.nearthesea靠近海的adj.1.abletogovernitselforcontrolitsownaffairs自治的；有自治權(quán)的

2.abletodothingsandmakedecisionswithouthelpfromanyone

else自主的；有自主權(quán)的tracevSectionBReadingPracticeTask2ReadthefollowingtwotextsaboutFuzhouandDunhuang,andanswerquestions11-20.Vocabularyv.tofindordiscoversb./sth.bylookingcarefullyforthem/it查出；找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)；追蹤n.amark,anobjectorasignthatshowsthatsb./sth.existedorwas

present痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡SectionBReadingPractice

Fuzhou,capitalofsoutheasternFujianprovince,rarelyfeaturesontravelitinerariesforpeoplecomingtoChina.However,itdeservesaplaceontravelers’maps.SituatedonthebanksoftheMinRiverandrightacrossfromTaiwanprovinceontheEastChinaSea,FuzhouisinmanywaystheembodimentofthesouthernChinesecapital.TheTangDynastywasaprosperoustimeforthecity,withculturalinstitutionsandBuddhismgrowing,andmanynewimmigrantscomingtothearea.Duringthistime,tea,silkandporcelainwereamongthemajorproductsshippedtoAfrica,AsiaandEuropeviamaritimetraderoutes.Theplace,withitsmarvelousgreencityscapefullofparksandgardens,isalsoknownasthe“CityofBanyans”,becauseofthenumerousbanyantreesplantedtheresincetheSongDynasty(960-1279).Ifyouarelookingtoescapethehustleandbustleofurbanlife,Fuzhou’speripheryoffersawiderangeofrelaxingretreatsorplacesforadventure.SectionBReadingPractice

Dunhuang,oneofthefirstcitiesinChinaopenedtotheWest,haslongbeenaportofentryalongtheancientSilkRoad.ItborderstheXinjiangUygurautonomousregiononthewest,beyondwhichliesCentralAsia－Kazakhstan,Uzbekistanandothercountries.FurtherstillliesEurope.Bumpingone’swayslowlyonthebackofacamelacrossthedesertofDunhuang,amodern-dayvisitorcaneasilyimaginethepast,whentraderstrudgedalongtheancientSilkRoad,chattingandlaughingingoodspiritsastheyexpectedagoodharvest.TracesofexchangesbetweendifferentcivilizationscanbefoundinthemottledmuralsandBuddhiststatuesofitsiconicMogaoGrottoes,therollingsandstoneofEchoing-SandMountain,aquietoasisintheGobiDesert,mysteriousancientgravesandnumerousearth-toneruins.Allofthisattractsmorethan10milliontouristvisitsfromaroundtheworldeveryyear.SectionBReadingPracticeQuestions11-15CompletetheformwiththeEXACTwords,phrasesornumbersfromthetexts.YoumustuseNOMORETHANTHREEwordsforeachblank.CityFuzhouDunhuangLocationItislocatedonthebankoftheMinRiver,facingTaiwanProvinceacrossthesea.(11)_______canbereachedfurtherfromDunhuang.HistoryWiththedevelopmentof(12)______________________andBuddhism,manynewimmigrantsmovedhereduringtheTangDynasty.AsoneofthefirstcitiesinChinatoopentotheWest,ithaslongbeenan(13)______portontheancientSilkRoad.CharacteristicsThefabulous(14)________________canbeseeninparksandgardens.Onecanenjoyridinga(15)______slowlythroughthedesert.EuropeculturalinstitutionsentrygreencityscapecamelSectionBReadingPracticeQuestions16-20ChoosethefivestatementsfromA-GintheboxthatareTRUEaccordingtothetextsabove.16.__________17.__________18.__________19.__________20.__________A.AlthoughfewvisitorscomingtoChinamakeFuzhouontheirtravelitineraries,itisworthvisiting.B.VariouscommoditiesinFuzhouhavebeenshippedtoothercountriesbyseatraderoutessincetheTangDynasty.C.DunhuangisatransporthubontheancientSilkRoad.D.TracesofdifferentculturalexchangescanbefoundintheculturalrelicsofDunhuang.E.ItishardforvisitorstoimaginetradersontheancientSilkRoad.F.Fuzhouboastsanabundanceofattractivegreenleavesandplants.G.Everyyear,morethantenbilliontouristscometoDunhuangfromallovertheworld.ABCDFflockconservationpreserveSectionBReadingPracticeTask3Readthefollowingtext.AnswerthequestionsonthetextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Vocabularyv.togoorgathertogethersomewhereinlargenumbers群聚；蜂擁而至n.theactionofconservingsomething保護(hù)；保存vt.tokeepsb./sth.alive,orsafefromharmordanger保全；保護(hù)SectionBReadingPractice

China’s“Lengjivillage”,meaningthecoldestvillageinChinese,hasbecomeathrivingtouristdestination,attractingnumerousvisitorstoenjoythebreathtakingwinterscenery.Thevillageisalsoknownas“theColdPoleVillage”becauseitislocatedinGenhe,acityknownasthecountry’s“PoleofCold”inthenorthernmosttipoftheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion.

Touristshaveflockedtoexperiencerurallifein“Lengjivillage”wheretemperaturesoftendropbelownegative30degreesCelsius.Theyalsohavetheopportunitytoobservelocalvillagersworkinginthefrigidwintertoprotectthenaturalenvironment.Toprotectthesnow-coveredforests,villagersworkavarietyofjobsatalocalforestfarmunderenvironmentalconservationprojects.AmongthemistheforestrangerforJinlinForestFarmattheDaxing’anlingForestryAdministrationChengShanzhong,whopatrols100hectaresofforestarea,a40-minutedriveawayfromthevillage.SectionBReadingPractice

“Everyday,wewouldpatroltheforests.Theforestsofourmotherlandmustbeprotected,”said51-year-oldCheng.“Theforesthasbeenunderprotection,notonlyhasitsscaleexpanded,butithasbecomelusheranddenseraswecansee.Theprotectionhasalsobroughtmorewildanimals.”Aftercompletinghisroutinepatrol,Chengreturnedhomeandcookedlocaltypicaldishescalled“eightbigbowls”totreataroundadozentouristsvisitinghisvillage.

In2015,theJinlinForestFarmcarriedoutanumberofreforms,suspendingcommercialloggingattheforestsaspartofconservationeffortstopreservethenaturallandscape.Formerfactorybuildingswereofferedtoforestryworkerswithentrepreneurialideasandeagerness.Someofthemhavedevelopedfamilytoursinthearea,boostingthedevelopmentof“China’sColdPoleVillage”scenicspot.Thelocaltouristindustryhasboomedafterskifacilities,horse-drawncarriages,skirings,snowsculpturecreations,snowmobileactivitiesandotherprojectswereintroduced.SectionBReadingPractice

“Lengjivillage”saw36,000tripsin2020,amidthecoronaviruspandemic,whichalsoledtoCheng’sincomeincreasestomorethan5,000yuan(around$722)eachmonthonaverage.“Throughourefforts,wewilldefinitelymakeChina’s‘Lengjivillage’amorefamouslandscape,”saidCheng.SectionBReadingPractice

21.What’stheusualtemperatureinwinterin“Lengjivillage”?

A.Lowerthannegative30degreesCelsius.

B.Higherthannegative30degreesCelsius.

C.Lowerthannegative20degreesCelsius.

D.Higherthannegative10degreesCelsius.

22.Thereasonwhytouristshaveflockedto“Lengjivillage”is__________.

A.toexperiencerurallifein“Lengjivillage”

B.toenjoythebreathtakingwinterscenery

C.toobservelocalvillagersworkinginthefrigidwintertoprotectthenaturalenvironment

D.Alloftheabove.ADSectionBReadingPractice

23.Whymusttheforestsbeprotected?

A.Thescaleofthedeserthasexpanded.

B.Thesnow-coveredforestsaredwindling.

C.Theenvironmentalconservationprojectshaven’tbeenexecuted.

D.Theexpandedscaleoflusheranddenserforestsandmorewildanimals.

24.Thetextindicatesthatthefutureofthe“Lengjivillage”would__________.

A.makemorepeoplelearnhowtotakeadvantageofit

B.letmorepeopleobtaintheabilityofskill

C.givepeoplemorechoicestopreservethenaturallandscape

D.askmorepeopletomakeuptheirownmind

25.AccordingtoanumberofreformsoftheJinlinForestFarm,people’sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentof“Lengjivillage”is__________.

A.pessimisticB.optimistic

C.indifferentD.neutralDABcrucialprevalentSectionBReadingPracticeTask4Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithfivestatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphonlyonce.Vocabularyadj.extremelyimportant,becauseitwillaffectotherthings至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的adj.thatexistsorisverycommonataparticulartimeorinaparticularplace流行的；普遍存在的；盛行的passionatepertinentaffirmSectionBReadingPracticeTask4Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithfivestatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphonlyonce.Vocabularyadj.1.havingorshowingstrongfeelingsofsexuallove,anger,etc.擁有（或表現(xiàn)出）強(qiáng)烈性愛(ài)的；情意綿綿的；怒不可遏的2.havingorshowingstrongfeelingsofenthusiasmforsth.orbeliefinsth.熱誠(chéng)的；狂熱的adj.appropriatetoaparticularsituation有關(guān)的；恰當(dāng)?shù)模幌嘁说膙.tostatefirmlyorpubliclythatsth.istrueorthatyousupportsth.strongly肯定屬實(shí)；申明；斷言SectionBReadingPracticeTheNewTechnologyandTravelRevolution

A)Today,nobodydoubtsthattechnologyandtravelaretheperfectcombinations.Thisjointforcealsoplaysacrucialroleinthewaywetravel:fromthevacationdestinationwechoose,allthewaytowhatwedooncewe’rethereandeveninthetimeafterwe’vecomebackfromouradventure.Itissoprevalent,thataccordingtoaGoogleTravelstudy,74%oftravelersplantheirtripsontheInternet,whileonly13%stillusetravelagenciestopreparethem.

B)Millennialshavealsoplayedasignificantroleinthisshift.Theylovetotravelandarealsopassionateaboutnewtechnology.Thiscombinationhasgivenwaytoanewcontextwheresocialmedia,Apps,blogs,andsomorehaveanimportantparttoplaywhenit’stimetoplanatrip.Bythatsametoken,theindustry,asitbecomesincreasinglyawareofthistrend,hasfollowedsuitbyadaptingitsbusinessmodelandproductofferingtoattractcustomers.SectionBReadingPractice

C)Inthefollowing,we’lltakealookatsomeofthetechnologicaladvancescurrentlyleavingtheirmarkontheindustryandwill,accordingtovariousstudies,bringsignificantshort-termchangestothesector.

D)MobileTechnology:Thisisundoubtedlythemaincharacterinthenewwaysoftravel.Thecellphonehasbecomeourtourguide,travelagency,bestrestaurantlocator,map,andmore.It’sbyoursideduringtheentirepurchasejourney.Infact,accordingtoTripAdvisor,45%ofusersusetheirsmartphonesforeverythinghavingtodowiththeirvacations.Thisiswhythere’saneedtoadaptcorporateservicesandcommunicationstothesedevices.KLM,forexample,hasalreadycreatedaninformationserviceforpassengersusingFacebookMessenger.Thissystem,oncesomeonehasmadeareservation,sendstheuserinformationregardingtheirticketthroughFacebookMessengeraswellastheirboardingpassorupdatesaboutthestatusoftheirflight.Thisway,theuserhasallthepertinentinformationabouttheirtripinthepalmoftheirhandusinganAppthattheyalreadyuse,eliminatingtheneedtodownloadanythingelse.SectionBReadingPractice

E)InternetofThings(IoT):IoTpromisestobringsignificantupdatestothetourismindustry.TheyincludeintegratingsensorsconnectedtotheInternetinsideitemslikecars,suitcases,buildings,andmore.Infact,Spain’sHotelTechnologyInstituteaffirmedthattheInternetofThings“isgoingtobethemajortransformativefactorinthepersonalizationofthecustomerexperienceoverthenextfewyears.”SomeVirginHotelpropertiesofferanApptotheirclientsthatletstheminteractwiththeroom’sthermostatorcontrolthetelevisionintheroom.Therearealsosuitcaseswithdevicesthatallowuserstousetheircellphonestofollowwheretheirsuitcaseisatanytimetoavoidlosingbaggageattheairportorotherpublicplaces.

F)5G:Traveltechnologybecomesallthemorepowerfulwithhelpfrom5Gnetworks.Theypromisemuchfasterloadinganddownloadingspeeds,widercoverage,andmorestableconnections.Beyonddownloadingcontent20timesfasterthanbefore,5Gallowsustodevelopanddeploytechnologythat4Glimitedus.Thatmeanstheconnectionbetweensmartdeviceswillbemoreefficientandwe’llbeabletostarttotrulyenjoytheInternetofThings.SectionBReadingPractice

26.Withthehelpofthesmartphone,wecantrackoursuitcasesduringajourneyatanytime.

27.Thecombinationoftechnologyandtravelisveryimportantwhenwechooseourtraveldestination.

28.Realizingtheimportanceofthejointtrendoftravelandtechnology,thetravelingindustryhaschangeditswayofoperationandservicestogetmoreprofits.

29.Comparedwithpreviousnetworks,thespeed,coverageandconnectionof5Gnetworkisbetter.

30.Passengerscangetanyinformationrelatedtomissed,delayedorcanceledflightsjustthroughasingleApp.EABFD世紀(jì)英語(yǔ)新世紀(jì)高職高專公共英語(yǔ)類課程規(guī)劃教材CENTURYENGLISHUnit2LifeAttitude在英語(yǔ)閱讀中，理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)很重要，通常考試中對(duì)于文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)的理解往往是通過(guò)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題來(lái)考查。考生需要學(xué)會(huì)把握文章行文脈絡(luò)，理清段落層次之間的關(guān)系，弄清作者的寫作方法。對(duì)于篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，通常是考查整個(gè)篇章或某個(gè)段落。在解答篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的題型時(shí)，考生應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：第一，了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的組織形式。常見(jiàn)的文章結(jié)構(gòu)有三種：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)（總—分；總—分—總；分—總）、并列式結(jié)構(gòu)（段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對(duì)獨(dú)立）、對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)（結(jié)構(gòu)形式上是一正一反）；第二，了解文章的論證方法。常見(jiàn)的議論文論證方法主要有兩類：“提出問(wèn)題，分析問(wèn)題，解決問(wèn)題”、“提出論點(diǎn)，提出論據(jù)，提出結(jié)論”；第三，了解文章的寫作手法。英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中常考的寫作手法有：下定義、分類說(shuō)明、列舉例證和對(duì)比等；第四，考生應(yīng)熟悉篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的常見(jiàn)考查方式，在理解篇章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章的發(fā)展做出合理的推斷。SectionAReadingSkills對(duì)于篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的考查可以體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.對(duì)段落大意或段落作用的理解。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：“ThepurposeofwritingParagraph...is...”；“Thelastparagraphmainlytellsusthat...”；

2.對(duì)句子意義或作用的理解。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：“Theexampleof...inparagraph...shows...”；“Thesentence‘...’inparagraph...means...”；

3.對(duì)文章組織結(jié)構(gòu)的理解。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：“Howisthepassageorganized?”；“Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?”；

4.確定指代關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：“Theunderlinedword‘...’inparagraph...refersto...”。SectionAReadingSkillsReadthefollowingpassage.

Peoplebelievethatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?Ifyouthinkthatyouhavetogotothemountainstolearnhowtoclimb,you’rewrong.ManyAmericansarelearningtoclimbincitygyms.Here,peoplearelearningonspecialclimbingwalls.Theclimbingwallgoesstraightupandhassmallholdingplacesforhandsandfeet.

Howdopeopleclimbthewall?Toclimb,youneedspecialshoesandaharnessaroundyourchesttoholdyou.Thereareropestiedtoyourharness.Theropesholdyouinplacesothatyoudon’tfall.Abeginner’swallisusuallyabout15feethigh,andyouclimbstraightup.Therearesmallpiecesofmetalthatstickoutforyoutostandonandholdonto.Sometimesit’seasytoseethenewpieceofmetal,sometimesit’snot.Themostdifficultpartistocontrolyourfear.It’snormalforhumanstobeafraidoffalling,soit’sdifficultnottofeelfear.Butwhenyoumoveawayfromthewall,theharnessandtheropesholdyou,andyoubegintofeelsafe.Youmoveslowlyuntilyoureachthetop.SectionAReadingSkills

Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.Youuseyourwholebody,especiallyyourarmsandlegs.Thissportgivesyourbodyacompleteworkout.Whenyouclimb,bothyourmindandyourbodycanbecomestronger.SectionAReadingSkillsWhydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Totellpeoplewheretofindgyms.B.Toprovethebasicneedforclimbing.C.Toencouragepeopletoclimbmountains.D.Tointroducethesportofwallclimbing.該題“Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?”是在考查考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇對(duì)作者的寫作目的分析推斷的能力。此時(shí)，利用語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的技巧，快速找到文章第一段開頭“Peoplebelievethatclimbingcandogoodtohealth.Wherecanyoulearntheskillofclimbingthen?”人們相信攀巖有利于健康。那么人們?cè)谀睦锟梢詫W(xué)習(xí)攀巖呢？第二段段首句“Howdopeopleclimbthewall?”人們?nèi)绾闻蕩r？尾段段首句“Climbingattractspeoplebecauseit’sgoodexerciseforalmosteveryone.”攀巖之所以吸引人們，是因?yàn)樗且豁?xiàng)對(duì)所有人都有益處的運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)三段的段首句，我們可以看到本篇文章講到了攀巖的地點(diǎn)、攀巖的過(guò)程和攀巖的好處。因此我們可以概括本篇文章的寫作目的是向人們介紹攀巖這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。SectionAReadingSkillsprofileeliminateproductiveSectionBReadingPracticeTask1Readthefollowingpassage,andanswerquestions1-10.Vocabularyn.1.adescriptionofsb./sth.thatgivesusefulinformation概述；簡(jiǎn)介2.thegeneralimpressionthatsb./sth.givestothepublicandtheamountofattentiontheyreceive印象；形象v.toremoveorgetridofsth./sb.清除；消除adj.1.makinggoodsorgrowingcrops,especiallyinlargequantities生產(chǎn)的；（尤指）多產(chǎn)的2.doingorachievingalot有效益的；富有成效的SectionBReadingPracticeParagraph1

Ifyoufindyourselfidentifyingwiththepessimistprofile,don’tbediscouraged.Withmentalstrengthanddailytraining,youwillbeabletocreategoodinanysituation.Paragraph2

Startingwithyourspeech,eliminatenegativephrasessuchas“Ican’t”or“Ialwaysgiveup”.Forexample,youmayhavefoundyourselfsaying,“Iamlazy.”Abetterwaytoframethisinyourmindistothink,“TodayIdidnotaccomplishasmuchasIwantedto.IwillmakealistfortomorrowsoIcancompleteallofmytasks!”Paragraph3

Additionally,trytoavoidcomplainingatallcosts.Ifyouareworkingwithaparticularlydifficultclient,trytoviewtheexperienceasapositivechallengeratherthananegativesituation.Thiswillallowyoutoremainingoodspiritsandhelptheclientinthemostproductivewaypossible.HowtoBecomeMoreOptimisticSectionBReadingPracticeParagraph4

Anotherwaytotrainyourbraintobemoreoptimisticisbyrecordingpositiveeventsinyourday,nomatterhowsmall.Ifyouloweredthestresslevelofanonprofitmanager,writethatdowninyourjournal.Ifyoupassaparticularlybeautifulgarden,takeapictureormakeanote.Ifyouhaveaproductiveconversationwithyourteam,keeparecordofthehighlights.Bydoingthis,youwilltrainyourselftofocusonthepositivesaroundyou.Paragraph5

Andeveryday,makesureyoukeepanopenmindsettolearningaboutandpracticingoptimism.Itisnoteasy,butwithhardworkanddiligence,youwillbeabletoremainoptimisticinthefaceofnegativity.SectionBReadingPracticeQuestions1-5Readthepassageandchoosethebestheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistinthebox.ThereisoneheadingyoudoNOTneed.1.Paragraph1_________2.Paragraph2_________3.Paragraph3_________4.Paragraph4_________5.Paragraph5_________A.MaintainableoptimismB.NegativesituationC.SpeechalterationD.CharacterprofileE.PositiverecordingF.ComplainreductionDCFEASectionBReadingPracticeQuestions6-10CompletethesentenceswiththeEXACTwords,phrasesornumbersfromthepassage.YoumustuseNOMORETHANTHREEwordsforeachblank.6.Mentalstrengthand_____________canhelpyouchangethepessimistprofileandcreategoodness.7.Insteadofsayingthatyoudidn’t__________enoughtasks,youshouldmakealistfortomorrow.8.Tohelpaparticularlydifficultclientinthemost__________way,you’dbetterseeitasapositive

challenge.9.Trainingyourselfto______positiveeventsaroundyouisanotherwaytobecomemore

optimistic.10.Withouthardworkand_________,youwillnotbeabletoremainoptimisticprofile.dailytrainingaccomplishproductiverecorddiligenceplumberparalyzemiserabledemeanorSectionBReadingPracticeTask2Readth