高中英語復(fù)習(xí)資料

10種時(shí)態(tài)必形式：do/doesamis/用法：表示真理、客觀存在及自然現(xiàn)象Shanghailiesintheeastof表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作HewatchesTVevery表示擬定、安排好的動(dòng)作Ourtrainleavesat9用法：表示過去發(fā)生的事或者狀態(tài)TheywereinShanghailast表示過去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Healwaysworkedintonightthose形式：willshalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beaboutto用法：表示將要發(fā)生或者要做的事情Iwillgotovisithimnext形式：would用法：表示從過去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Ididn’tknowifhewould用法：表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Sheiswritingaletterupstairs.表示現(xiàn)階段持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Wearemakingmodelplanesthesedays.表示即將要發(fā)生的事情Whereareyougoingtomorrow?形式：waswere用法：表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Wewerehavingsupperwhenthephone表示過去某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Wewereexpectingyou用法：表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Atthistimetomorrow,Iwillbelyingonthe形式：have/hasdone,have/has用法：表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響Haveyouheardfromhim表示過去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.形式：haddone,had用法：動(dòng)作在過去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.形式：has/havebeenSincethelunarNewYear,thenumberofbikeshasbeengrowing is/am/areRiceisgrowninthesouthoftheThebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.will/shallbePlentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-wouldbeTheworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.TheroomsarebeingTreeswerebeingplantedherethistimelasthas/havebeenThepricehasbeenbroughthadbeen+Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreat 限制性定Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得非限制性用逗號(hào)與主句隔開；不能用thatHisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,iscominghomenextweek.TheworkwhichhasjustbeenfinishedisIknowaforeignerthatisfrom人SheisthegirlwholivesnextThepeople(who)wemetinFrancehavesentusacard.人Ihappenedtomeettheprofessor(whom)IgotknowatapartyintheshoppingcenterThisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelast人、物或事Heisnotthesamemanashewas.(as作表語CanyoutellmetheofficewhereheDoyouknowthereasonwhyhewastofor。例：Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?tofor例：TheladyIwrotethepoemforwasmy正式英語中，介詞可置于從句之首，whomwhich之前。例：Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.whothat例：Hereceivedtheemailhewaslookingforwardto.thatwhichthat的“四用二不用”先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、all、much、little、few或被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、all、much、little、few、thevery、theonly等修飾時(shí)。例：Thistrainisthefirstone)thatwillgoto先行詞為不定代詞anything,everything,nothing時(shí)。例：Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?例：Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalking例：Whothathaseverworkedtogetherwithhimdoesn’tadmire例：Hepassedtheexamwhichmadehisparents例：ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunonce①確定從句完整性；②不完整選用關(guān)系代詞；③ 時(shí)間狀語從句when,aswhile,assoonas,before,aftersince,tilluntilI’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNew地點(diǎn)狀語從句where,whereverGenerally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwherethereare原因狀語從句because,since,asnowthatNowthateverybodyhascome,let’sbeginour目的狀語從句sothatinorderthatforfearthatSheburnedtheletterssothatherhusbandwouldneverread結(jié)果狀語從句so,so...thatsuch...thatsothatHegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirst條件狀語從句ifunlessincaseWe’llstartourprojectifthepresident讓步狀語從句althoughthough,evenifeventhough,whileTheoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatheris比較狀語從句so(as)...as,than,themore...,themore...等Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.方式狀語從句asasifasthoughShebehavedasifshewerethe①② ①M(fèi)ydecisionisthatallofusaretostartat6o’clocktomorrowmorning.Idon’tcarewhether/ifhewillleaveorstay.WhetherthemeetingwillbeheldisstillaWhyheisoftenabsentfromclassisaWhattheyneedisagoodtextbook.IhavenoideawhowillhelpusItalldependsonhowwesolvethe特殊關(guān)系詞：特殊疑問詞+ever(whoever,whatever,however,whichever,whomever,whereverbecauseWhoeverdidthisjobmustbeItdoesn’tmattertobewhicheveryou① thatthatwhether缺少主語：如果指代人用who,不指代人用what；缺少賓語：如果指代人用whomwhat；式/how。 totobetohave/having一、動(dòng)詞-ingbeinghavinghavingbeenHavingbeentoldabouttheriskofelectricshocks,sheisverycarefulwhileusing此外，動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式是在前面加notIsthereanyreasonfornothavingthefirst-aidtrainingthisweek？（否定式Ihopeyoudon’tmindmysayingHesaidnothingaboutuslosingthe（錯(cuò)誤）Whilehavingabath,waterleakedoverthesidesofthe（正確）Whilehavingabath,shesawwaterleakingoverthesidesofthe由before、after、when、while等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句常常可以轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞-ingAminuteago,shefelldownwhileshewastryingtoopenthewindow.→Aminuteago,shefelldownwhiletryingtoopenthewindow.動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作定語時(shí)，可以表示被修飾名詞所具有的性質(zhì)特征（afrighteningexperience（一次可怕的經(jīng)歷）aswimminggirl（一個(gè)正在游泳的女孩）aswimmingpool（一個(gè)游泳池①例：thefallenleaves落葉thepollutedwater例：paintingspaintedbywomen=paintingsthatarepaintedbywomen過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。一般是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞才能作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示被動(dòng)過去分詞用在感官動(dòng)詞see,hearwatch,notice,feel,find,observe,listento后作賓語例：Isawhimbeatenblackand例：MyhairislongandIwillhaveitcutthis例：Wecan’tkeepoureyesclosedtothebad例：TheEnglishteacherraisedhervoicetomakeherselfheardbythewantwish,like,order等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例：Idon’twantmydaughterleftalonewhenwegotoFrance.例：Withtheirhousedestroyedbytheflood,theyhadtostayinthe①be和連系動(dòng)詞look,sound,getbecome,growsmelltaste,stay例：Onhearingthenews,allthestudentsgotgetmarried（結(jié)婚）getchanged（換衣服，getdressed（穿衣服，getlost（迷路）等。，get②例：AskedWhenhewasasked)whyhehadn’tattendedthepartyAndymadeno例：Seriouslyinjured=Becausehewasseriouslyinjured)intheearthquake,thisboywassenttohospitalimmediately.例：SeenIfitisseen)fromthespace,theearthlookslikeabigblue例：Theheadteachercameintotheclassroomangrilyfollowedbytwo動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。具體形式如下表所示（以do為例：totobetobe—tohavetohave動(dòng)詞不定式的完成進(jìn)行式強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示的tohavebeen—totoTheyarenotbuildingastatetocontinuetheconflictwithIsrael,buttoendtomake,have,let,feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,watch,observe,notice等。但用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要帶to。Shemakesherhusbandfetchthekidsfromschoolevery→Herhusbandismadetofetchthekidsfromschooleveryday.她讓丈夫每天從學(xué)校接孩wouldratherdo…thando...寧愿……也不愿cannotbut/cannotchoosebut/cannothelpbutdo...hadbetternotdosth.最好（別）doto，也可不省略。Allyouneedtodois(to)testoutthesystem.作主語（it作形式主語Itisridiculoustoimaginethattherecoverywillbequickand常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope,refuse,manage,wish,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,help等。Thestrongmanmanagedtopulloutthetree復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中常用it作形式賓語，不定式（短語）放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后。常接這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有6個(gè)：make,feel,find,consider,believe,think。ThedogfounditdifficulttojumpovertheHeaskedmetohelphimlearnbiology.（賓語補(bǔ)足語→Iwasaskedtohelphimlearnbiology.（主語補(bǔ)足語）Jackisapleasantfellowtoworkwith.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein).Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelastto下列名詞后常用不定式作定語，說明名詞的內(nèi)容：decision,chance,plan,ability（權(quán)利）wayI’msureofhisabilitytocopewiththis.tobedone作定語多表將來的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作（將要被Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.作狀語（表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等Toenjoyamorespectacularsight,youmustclimbtoagreaterThecandidatereachedthecompany,onlytofindtheinterviewWewereinhighspiritstohearthewordsofourteacher’sMyjobistomakeleather作獨(dú)立成分（作句子狀語totellthetruth說實(shí)話tobeexact確切地說toconclude總而言之tobefrank坦白地說tobebrief簡(jiǎn)言之tobegin/startwith首先tomakethingsworse更糟糕的是Howtoarousethestudents’interestinlaborisveryIknowwheretofindtheyoungmanwhobehaveswithThequestioniswhentoraisethe4.關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用v-ing，被動(dòng)用過去分詞，目的和將來用不定式；如果沒有，就看與句子主語之間的關(guān)系，主動(dòng)用v-ing，被動(dòng)用過去分詞，目的和將來用不定式。當(dāng)然，如果非謂語動(dòng)havingdone/havingbeendone.如遇固定搭配，不可硬 該句型可強(qiáng)調(diào)主語、賓語、狀語等，但不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。只要把要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分夾在It’s…that/who中間，其他部分照抄跟在后面。強(qiáng)調(diào)人時(shí)，連接詞可以用that/who，若強(qiáng)調(diào)的人是賓格還可以用whom。例：WeelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingItwasattheclassmeetingyesterdaythatweelectedhimItwashimthatweelectedmonitorattheclassmeetingItwaswethat/whoelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeeting如，neverseldomlittle,hardlyfe