新探索研究生英語(yǔ)（基礎(chǔ)級(jí)）讀寫教程U5課件-AE1

Learningobjectives01understandthedifferenceandconnectionbetweenethicsandlaw;thinkabouthowyoudecidewhatisrightandwrong02understandthekeyfeaturesofChina’sCivilCodeandthinkabouthowitwillinfluenceyourdailylife04deliveraspeechaboutChina’sCivilCodetotheclass03practicescanningatextCONTENTSDiscussionpointGettingprepared2Reading&understandingReading1Thinking&exploringViewingMini-projectDevelopingculturalawareness13DiscussionpointWhatareyourideasaboutthefollowingquestions?Discussthemwithapartner.GettingpreparedWhichbehaviordoyouthinkisthemostworryingandwhichistheleast?Doyouthinkeachofthesesituationsshouldbepunished?Howandwhy?Whoseresponsibilityisittodecidewhatisrightandwrong?Doyoualwaysagreewithyourfriendsonwhatisrightandwrong?Why?DiscussionpointGettingpreparedWhichbehaviordoyouthinkisthemostworryingandwhichistheleast?Ithinklyingtohideone’smistakesisthemostworryingbecauselyingitselfisaseriousissue.What’smore,thereasonforlyingistohideone’smistakes.Itindicatesthattheyarenotabletoshouldertheirresponsibilityproperlyandtheremightbeseriousconsequences.Ithinknotdoingone’sjobtoahighstandardistheleastworryingbecausetheremightbemanyreasons.Forexample,heorsheisnotcompetentenoughtodothejobtoahighstandard.DiscussionpointGettingpreparedDoyouthinkeachofthesesituationsshouldbepunished?Howandwhy?Ithinklyingontherésuméshouldbepunished.Thepunishmentmaybelosingthejob,becauseheorshehasgotthejobbasedonalie,andlyingisnotacceptableintheworkplace.DiscussionpointGettingpreparedWhoseresponsibilityisittodecidewhatisrightandwrong?Whensomeoneblamesotherpeopleforworkgoingwrong,Ithinkit’stheresponsibilityoftheirbosstodecidewhatisrightandwrong,becausetheirbossisthepersoninchargeandshouldfindoutthetruth.DiscussionpointGettingpreparedDoyoualwaysagreewithyourfriendsonwhatisrightandwrong?Why?No,wedonotalwaysagreewitheachother.Forexample,Ithinkgettingajobbecauseoffamilyconnectionsisnotacceptable,whilesomeofmyfriendsbelieveitisunderstandable.Ithinkitisbecausewehavedifferentviewsonwhatisrightandwrong.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingUnderstandingthetextLanguagefocusLanguagepointsThinking&exploringInterpretingthetextThinkingcriticallyGettingtheskillTextstructureReading1Warming-upSkimmingthetextTranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1Warming-uplegalinstitutes法律機(jī)構(gòu)書面規(guī)章制度維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序維護(hù)和平與正義強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行懲罰倫理原則倫理規(guī)范違反法律法律義務(wù)writtenrulesandregulationskeepthesocialordermaintainpeaceandjusticeenforceapunishmentethicalprinciplesethicalcodesbreakthelawslegalobligationsWarming-upSkimmingthetextSkimthetextandmatcheachtopicsentencetothecorrespondingparagraph.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7Amorecontroversialareaiswhenunethicalbehavioristhoughttoaffectthewidersociety.Manylegalthingsareoftenconsideredunethical.Societyjudgesrightandwronginmanydifferentways.Whenunethicalbehavioraffectsmanypeople,thereisoftenadebateastowhetherthelawshouldbechanged.Clearly,ethicsaloneisnotenoughtocontroltheactionsofindividualsororganizationswithinasociety.However,ethicshasaverydifferentpositioninsociety.(None.)CGFBAReading1DESkimmingthetextSkimmingthetextSkimthetextandfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.Academicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1SkimmingthetextPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Para.6Para.7Manysocietiesrelyuponlawsandethicstojudgerightandwrong.Thedefinitionoflaw.Thedefinitionofethics.Manylegalthingscouldbeconsideredasunethicalbehaviorwhiletheperceptionofunethical

behaviormightvaryfrompersontoperson.Whenunethicalbehavioraffectsawidersociety,controversiesarise.Whenunethicalbehavioraffectsmanypeople,thereisoftenadebateastowhetherthelawshould

bechanged.Lawandethicsaredifferent,butthefinelinebetweenthetwocouldbetranscendedwhenthewidersocietyfeelsnecessarytodoso.UnderstandingthetextCompleteeachofthefollowingsentenceswithnomorethanthreewordsfromthetext.ComprehensionAcademicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1Lawsareusually1)__________formsofrulesandregulations,andarecreatedbyalegalinstituteortheirrepresentatives.Ethicsvaryfrompersontoperson,becauseeachpersonhastheirownviewof2)_________________.3)__________________________andnotkeepingapromiseareoftennotagainstthelaw,butpeopleusuallythinktheyareunethical.Thereisnotusuallyaformal4)__________forunethicalbehavior–onlytheopinionsofothers.writtenPara.2rightandwrongPara.3Tellingalie/Lying/TellingliesPara.4punishmentPara.4UnderstandingthetextComprehensionAcademicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1Taxesallowgovernmentstoprovideservicessuchas5)_______________

and6)_________________.7)_____________islegallyavoidingpayingtaxes.8)___________isillegalbecausecompaniesarenotfollowingthetaxlawsofacountry.Governmentswanttomakeit9)__________forcompaniestoavoidtax.school/schoolshospital/hospitalsPara.5TaxavoidanceTaxevasionPara.5Para.5harderPara.6LanguagefocusWordsinuseCompletethesentenceswiththewordsbelow.Changetheformifnecessary.Thegovernmenthasintroduceda(n)______________tofightagainsttaxavoidance._____________organizationsshouldberesponsibleforthebehavioroftheiremployees.This________________aimstoimprovebusinessethicsandencouragehighstandardsofbusinessbehaviorbasedonethics,butithasnocontroloverhowcompaniesactuallybehave.Inanidealsituation,noonewoulddoanything____________.Theywouldallfollowthelaw.initiativeAcademicexploration1Reading&understanding

Reading1corporate evasion illegal initiativeinstitute provision representative ultimatelyCorporateinstituteillegalLanguagefocusWordsinuse______________,itisuptotheindividualtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.Thisreportdiscussesthepoliciesdevelopedatthenationalleveltoimprovethe______________ofchildcarefacilities.Thecurbsonbigcompaniessuggestgovernmentsarebeginningtoreinin(約束)giants,andtheir___________ofresponsibilitymaybecomingtoanend.Generally,aparentorguardianofaminorchild(未成年子女)isregardedasthe“personal__________________”oftheminorchild.UltimatelyAcademicexploration1Reading&understanding

Reading1corporate evasion illegal initiativeinstitute provision representative ultimatelyprovisionevasionrepresentativeLanguagefocusTranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.Payattentiontothewordsinbold.Regulations

aremadeaftertakingintoconsiderationthewholepublicatlarge,andsotheymustbefollowedbythem.Violationofanyregulationmaycauseseverepunishment.法規(guī)是在考慮大眾整體的基礎(chǔ)上制定的，所以必須為全體大眾所遵守。違反任何法規(guī)的行為都可能受到嚴(yán)厲懲罰。公司管理在總體上決定了公司文化如何影響員工和客戶，以及一個(gè)公司如何處理倫理問題。Academicexploration1Reading&understandingManagementdefinestheframeworkforhoworganizationalcultureaffectsemployees,customersandhowanorganizationdealswithethicalissues.Reading1Whilewearemindlesslypostingourlivesonline,ourdataisshared,traded,andusedbytechcompanies,whichcreatesgrowingcontroversial

issuesconcerningtheethicsofdigitaldatacollection.LanguagefocusTranslationNowadays,multidimensionalpeacekeepingoperationsarecalledupontomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity.當(dāng)下，需要多維度的維和行動(dòng)來維持國(guó)際和平與安全。當(dāng)我們毫不在意地將個(gè)人生活發(fā)布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上時(shí)，我們的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)為科技公司所共享、交易和使用，這在數(shù)據(jù)收集的倫理問題上引發(fā)了越來越多的爭(zhēng)議。Academicexploration1Reading&understandingReading1LanguagepointsDifficultsentencesTherehavebeenmanyscandalsinvolvingcompaniespayingwhatisbelievedtobeanunfairamountoftax.(Para.5)01這句話采用了therebe句型。involvingsth.的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)，修飾manyscandals。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesTherehavebeenmanyexamples,wherecorporateorganizationsearningbillionsofdollarshaveactuallypaidverylittletax.(Para.5)02這句話也采用了therebe句型。這句話中有一個(gè)where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，具體解釋說明了主句中的manyexamples。本段中作者多次使用了therebe句型，這是學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)寫作中一個(gè)語(yǔ)體特征。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesInmostcases,nonehavebrokenthelaw,yetmanydonotfeelthecompaniesarebehavingethically.(Para.5)03none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞雖然多數(shù)時(shí)候用單數(shù)，但是也存在使用復(fù)數(shù)的情況，特別是在主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是多個(gè)人或物的時(shí)候。yet此處作連詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesIftheyhadpaidalltheirtaxes,moreservicescouldhavebeenprovidedforthewidersociety.(Para.6)04此句為假設(shè)過去情況的虛擬條件句（unrealconditionalsinthepast），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn)了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即if條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用了過去完成時(shí)haddone，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用了couldhavebeen，用來對(duì)過去情況作假設(shè)，表示與過去事實(shí)相反的條件和結(jié)果。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingLanguagepointsDifficultsentencesThishascausedvariousgovernmentministriesaroundtheworldtodebatehowcompaniesaretaxedsothattaxavoidancebecomesharderandcompanieshavealegalobligationtopaymoretax.(Para.6)05此句中使用了causesb.todosth.的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“導(dǎo)致某人做某事”。how引導(dǎo)的從句作動(dòng)詞debate的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)此從句中使用了sothat來引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“以便，為了”。Reading1Academicexploration1Reading&understandingThinking&exploringTextstructureAnintroductiontothetopic:thedifferencebetweenlawandethicsPART1Para.1ThedefinitionoflawandethicsandthekeydifferencesbetweenthetwoPART2Paras.2-6Reading1Academicexploration1TextstructureAconclusion:lawandethicsaredifferent;thefinelinebetweenthetwocantranscendifnecessaryPART3Para.7InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoParas.2-3,whatisthedifferencebetweenethicsandlaw?InPara.3,theauthorwritesthat“Asstatedbefore,bothethicsandlawjudgethedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.”Whatisstatedbefore,andwhereisit?Whatisthefunctionofthissentence?Sinceethicsisratheranindividualconcept,howisitformedforeachpersonaccordingtoPara.3?AccordingtoPara.4,whatarethedifferentoutcomesofbreakingapromiseandacontract?Howdoyouunderstand“Taxisultimatelyawayofredistributingmoneytomakesocietyfairer”inPara.5?AccordingtoParas.6-7,underwhatcircumstanceswillthelawofacountrybechanged?Usetheexamplementionedinthetexttoexplainitindetail.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoParas.2-3,whatisthedifferencebetweenethicsandlaw?Akeydifferenceisthatethicsisnotwrittendownorlegallyenforced,whilethelawisasetofwrittenrulesandregulationscreatedbyalegalinstitute,andisrecognizedandmaintainedbypowerssuchasthepolice.Besides,lawsarethoughttobeacceptedbythewholesociety,andthus,theyareregional,national,oreveninternational.Ethicsontheotherhandisverymuchanindividualconceptwhichvariesfrompersontoperson.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextInPara.3,theauthorwritesthat“Asstatedbefore,bothethicsandlawjudgethedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.”Whatisstatedbefore,andwhereisit?Whatisthefunctionofthissentence?InPara.1,theauthorstatesthat“Therearelegalandethicalinterpretationsthatarecommonlyusedinmanysocietiestodecidebetweenwhatisgoodandbad,”whichexpressestheideasimilartothissentence.ThefunctionofthissentenceinPara.3istolink(orconnect)thisparagraphwithPara.1.Besides,thissentencemakesanaturaltransitionfromPara.2,whichfocusesonlaw,toPara.3,whichexplainsethicsbycomparisonwithlaw.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextSinceethicsisratheranindividualconcept,howisitformedforeachpersonaccordingtoPara.3?Ethicswillbeformedbythepeoplearoundyousuchasyourparents,teachersandfriends.Theirviewsofrightandwrongwillinfluenceyourdecisionaboutwhatisgoodandbad.Inaddition,yourunderstandingofrightandwrongwillbeinfluencedbysocialnorms,customs,culturaltraditions,etc.,whichmeansthatthewidersocietyalsohelpsyouformyourprinciplesofethics.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoPara.4,whatarethedifferentoutcomesofbreakingapromiseandacontract?Ifyoubreakacontract,youwillprobablyfaceformalpunishment,becausethereisthecontractlawtoprotectsuchapromiseandbreakingacontractissomethingillegal.Ifyoubreakapromise,usuallyyouwillonlyfacemoraljudgmentratherthanlegalpunishment.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextHowdoyouunderstand“Taxisultimatelyawayofredistributingmoneytomakesocietyfairer”inPara.5?Wealthierpeoplepaymoretaxeswhichwillbeusedtoprovidemorepublicservices,suchaspublicschooleducationandmedicalcare,whichwillbebeneficialtoeverymemberinsociety.Inthisway,thesocietyisbecomingfairer.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1InterpretingthetextInterpretingthetextAccordingtoParas.6-7,underwhatcircumstanceswillthelawofacountrybechanged?Usetheexamplementionedinthetexttoexplainitindetail.Whenunethicalbehaviorissoextremethatitaffectsmanypeople,thelawofacountryshouldbechanged.Forexample,ifmanylargecompanieshavepaidlittleornotax,whichaffectsthewidersociety,itwillbecomenecessarytochangethelawinordertomaketaxavoidanceharder.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringReading1ThinkingcriticallyInPara.3,theauthorclaimsthat“Ethicsontheotherhandisverymuchanindividualconcept.”Doyouthinkso?Ifyes,howdifferentcantheinterpretationofethicsbefrompersontoperson?Ifno,why?AsfortheissueoftaxavoidancementionedinPara.5,theauthorwrites“[It]isconsideredunethicalbymanypeople.”Doyouconsidertaxavoidanceunethical?Whyorwhynot?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringThinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Shareyouropinionswithapartner.ThinkingcriticallyInPara.3,theauthorclaimsthat“Ethicsontheotherhandisverymuchanindividualconcept.”Doyouthinkso?Ifyes,howdifferentcantheinterpretationofethicsbefrompersontoperson?Ifno,why?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringIdon’tthinkethicsisverymuchanindividualconcept,becauseone’sethicsisstronglyinfluencedbythesocietyhe/shelivesin,wherecommonvalues,traditionsandculturearesharedbythepublic.Asaresult,wesharesomecommonethicalprinciplessuchashonesty,dedication,andfriendliness.ThinkingcriticallyAsfortheissueoftaxavoidancementionedinPara.5,theauthorwrites“[It]isconsideredunethicalbymanypeople.”Doyouconsidertaxavoidanceunethical?Whyorwhynot?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringIthinktaxavoidanceisunethical,becausethetaxyoupaywillbeusedbythewidersocietytoprovidemorepublicservices.Governmentsusuallydecidethetaxratioaccordingtotheprofitsacompanygainortheincomepeopleearn.Therefore,everycompanyandpersonshouldberesponsibleenoughtopaytheirfairshareoftax.ThinkingcriticallyWorkinpairs.Thinkaboutyourownexperiencesanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Theauthorprovidestheexampleofbreakingapromisetoillustratethepointthatunethicalbehaviorisnotalwaysillegal.Doyouoftenbreakpromisesinyourdailylife?Ifyes,arethereanyconsequences?Ifno,whatmotivatesyoutokeepyourpromises?Besidestaxavoidancementionedinthetext,canyouthinkofanyotherexamplestoillustratetheunethicalbehaviorwhichwillaffectthewidersociety,butafterall,isnotillegal?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringThinkingcriticallyTheauthorprovidestheexampleofbreakingapromisetoillustratethepointthatunethicalbehaviorisnotalwaysillegal.Doyouoftenbreakpromisesinyourdailylife?Ifyes,arethereanyconsequences?Ifno,whatmotivatesyoutokeepyourpromises?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringYes,inmydailylife,Ibreakpromisesfromtimetotime.Forexample,Ipromisedtohelpmyfriendfetchhisparcelwhenhewasonaninternship,butactually,Iforgotitcompletely.Forthiskindofincident,therehavebeensomeconsequences–myfriendwasquiteangryandblamedmeforbeingirresponsible.ThinkingcriticallyBesidestaxavoidancementionedinthetext,canyouthinkofanyotherexamplestoillustratetheunethicalbehaviorwhichwillaffectthewidersociety,butafterall,isnotillegal?Reading1Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringIthinkspreadingfalseinformationormaliciousgossipontheInternetcouldbeanexample.Becauseoftheinformationtechnology,itbecomesrathereasytospreadfalseinformationormaliciousgossiponlineandaffectthewidersocietynegatively.Somepeoplemightbemisledbyfalseinformationorbetroubledbymaliciousgossip.However,onlywhenitresultsinseriousconsequences,willthiskindofbehaviorberegardedasillegal.Reading1ThinkingcriticallyInthedigitalage,themakingoflawseemstolagbehindtheemergenceofnewtechnologiesorfields.Whatifthereisnolegalframeworkatallinanemergingareaandaproblemcomesintobeingfirst?Forexample,artificialintelligence(AI)isprogressingrapidlyandholdsuniquepotentialtotransformtheworldforthebetter.Inthemeantime,itraisesnewlegalissues.IftheoperationofAIresultsindamage,whoshouldvictimsseekcompensationfrom?Thedeveloper,theuserorthetechnologyitself?Suchquestionsaregeneratingdisputesincreasingly,withnoclear-cutlegalanswersyet.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringHaveagroupdiscussionabouthowwecandiminishthenegativeimpactofthetimegapbetweenlaw-makingandtheemergenceofnewsituations.Thenwritedownthemainpointsofyourdiscussionandshareyourviewswiththeclass.Reading1ThinkingcriticallyAcademicexploration1Thinking&exploringPossiblediscussionpoints:Itisimpossibleforlegislationtobeinapositionaheadofanewfield.Therefore,thisiswhenethicsshouldcomeintoforce.Whenwefacesuchchallenges,weshouldputmoreemphasisonresearchethicswhichwillregulatethebehavioroftheresearchersandscientistsinthenewfield;weshouldnurtureanethicalenvironmentwhichencouragescompaniesandindividualstomakeethicaldecisions.However,voluntaryethicalbehaviorbyindividualsandcorporationscanneverensuresocialfairnessandjustice,especiallyinnewfieldswhichusuallyindicatehigherprofits.Asaresult,wealsoneedtheeffortsandwisdomoflegislatorstobridgethegapbetweenafast-changingsocietyandlaws,andatthesametime,keepthebalancebetweenprotectingcreativityandensuringsocialjustice.GettingtheskillScanningatextAcademicexploration1Thinking&exploringScanningisareadingskillwhichaimstofindoutspecificinformationbylookingthroughthetextquickly.Ithelpsyouincreasereadingspeedandaccordinglyreadmore.Thereareseveralstepstoapplythetechniqueofscanning:Understandwhatyouwanttofindout.Makeclearwhatspecificinformationyouwanttofindout,aname,anumber,adate,anidea,aconcept,etc.Understandthestructureofthetext.Recognizingthetextstructure,likechronologicalstructureorcategoricalstructure,canhelpyoulocatetheinformationwithinanarrowerareainthetext.Takeinasmuchinformationaspossible.Runyoureyesdownthepage,focusonthekeywordsyouarelookingfor,andkeeptrackofwhereyouare.Reading1GettingtheskillTask1Scanthetextforthefollowingtermsandwritedowntheirdefinitions.Academicexploration1Thinking&exploringLaw

Definition:____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________EthicsDefinition:____________________________________________

____________________________________________TaxavoidanceDefinition:____________________________________________ ____________________________________________TaxevasionDefinition:____________________________________________

____________________________________________Reading1Lawisasetofwrittenrulesandregulations,usuallycreatedbyalegalinstituteortheirrepresentatives,suchasjudgesandthegovernment.(Para.2)Ethicsisanimaginedidealofwhattheperfectorbesthumanbeingcouldbe.(Para.3)Taxavoidancemeanstryingtopayaslittleaspossiblewithoutbreakingthelawsinacountry.(Para.5)Taxevasionmeansbreakingthelawsbytryingtopayaslittleaspossible.(Para.5)GettingtheskillTask2Scanthefollowingparagraphsandidentifythefourkeyfunctionsofemotionsindecision-making.T