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初中英語詞匯和語法總結

L名詞

2.形容詞

形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質或特征。

1)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,

也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid

害怕的。

(錯)Heisanillman.

(對)Themanisill.

(錯)Sheisanafraidgirl.

(對)Thegirlisafraid.

這類詞還有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,

awake等。

2)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing

為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后,例如:

somethingnice

3.副詞及其基本用法

副詞主要用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結構。

Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.

副詞well,badly糟、壞,hard等只放在句尾。

HespeaksEnglishwell.

注意:副詞very可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞。

改錯:(錯)IverylikeEnglish.(對)IlikeEnglishverymuch.

注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。

Idon'tknowhimwellenough.

Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.

Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat.

4.介詞(prep)后面跟名詞、動名詞、代詞

5、代詞

6、連詞

7、動詞

一、賓語從句:

L主句若是一般現在時,從句根據實際情況用適當時態。

Hesays(that)hewillhaveawalksoon.

Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.

Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.

2.主句若是一般過去時,從句要用過去的時態。

HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhad

gotwell.

ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.

3.無論主句是何時態,從句若表客觀真理,要用一般現在時。

Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.

4賓語從句無論有何引導詞,都要用陳述句語序。

CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?(不是willyou)

Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)

二.狀語從句:

1主句若是一般將來時、祈使句或含不表過去的情態動詞等,則if(如果),

unless(除非),when(當…的時候),assoonas(—...就…),before,after,until,till,

as(當…的時候)所引導的狀語從句用一般現在時。

Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.

IwillcallyouupifIleaveforShanghainextweek.

Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.

2而主句若是一般過去時,從句也要用過去時,如:

IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.

Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.

Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.

三.定語從句:

關系代詞who只指人,which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必

須跟有名詞,既指人,也可指物。關系詞作主語時,不可省略,作賓語時可省略。

whom只指人,只作賓語。關系副詞where指"在那里",when指"在那時"。

Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautifulandkind-hearted.

Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.

Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.(所屬)

Thegirlwhoistallismysister./1ownabikewhosepriceishigh.

Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.(指物)

Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.

IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.(在這JL,)

Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.

四.wish和hope:

1.wish可接todosth./sbtodosth./that從句.

IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.

IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.

Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.

2hope接todosth.或that從句.但不接sbtodosth.

Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.

Ihope(that)everythinggoeswell./Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.

五.thanksfor和thanksto:

thankst。是"多虧了,由于"的意思

Thankstotheteacher,orwecan'tfinishthework.多虧了我們的老師,否

則我們不能完成作業

thanksfor是"因。。。而感謝某人的意思,這里的thanks可以說成thankyou,

但是上個結構中不能

Thanksforyourletter謝謝你的來信

Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.

Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn,tmakesuchmistakes.

六.感官動詞用法之一:

see,hear,listento,watch,notice,feel等詞,后接賓語,再接動詞原形/動詞

ing,分別表示全過程和正在進行。句中有頻率詞時,以上的詞也常跟動詞原形。

IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.(正進行)

Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(聽的是全過程)

Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.(頻率詞)

若以上詞用于被動語態,后面原有動詞原形改為帶to不定式:

Wesawhimgointotherestaurantwithhiswife.一

Hewasseentogointotherestaurantwithhiswife.

七.感官動詞用法之二:

look,sound,smell,taste,feel可當系動詞,后接形容詞。

Helookshappy.

Itsoundsgood.

Theflowerssmellbeautiful.

Thesweetstastesweet.

Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.

這些動詞不用于被動語態。Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是錯誤的。

注意:如果加介詞like,則后不可接形容詞,而接名詞或代詞:

Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.

Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.

八.find和think部分用法:

find和think+賓語+賓語補足語。(代替賓從)

賓補有以下情況:

1.名詞短語,Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.

2.形容詞短語,Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.

3.有時賓補后可接帶to不定式,Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.

九.wouldlike/want/feellike:

1wouldlike,和want類似:

?都可接名詞短語:Iwouldlike/wantanotherthreedesks.

。都可接帶to不定式:Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.

。都可接sb,然后再跟帶to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.

2feellike:

。后也可接名詞短語:Doyoufeellikesometea?

。后若接動詞,須用動詞ing形式:Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon,

tfeellikedrinkingtea.[feellike常用于疑問句或否定句中?!?/p>

十.詞序易錯的短語:

1形容詞修飾不定代詞或不定副詞,形容詞在后面。Isthereanything

deliciousinthefridge?

Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.

Iwanttogosomewherewarm.

2else修飾疑問詞和不定代詞、不定副詞,也放在后面。

Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?

Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?

3enough修飾形容詞和副詞,enough放在后面。

Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.

Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.

十一.對"評價"、"天氣"的提問之區別:

1Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike...?”你對...怎么看?

(How...?句中有like,是動詞。)

2Whatstheweatherlikein...?=Howistheweatherin...?”…的天氣

什么樣?"(What…?句中有like,是介詞"像)

十二.take,cost,pay,spend區別:

1It+take+sb+sometime+todosth.

Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.

2物+cost+sb+錢:Thebagcostmethirtyyuan,(cost,cost,cost)

若cost后無sb,則譯作"價錢是":Thebagcosts30Yuan.

3人+pay+sb+錢+forsth:Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.(pay,

paid,paid).(pay后所加內容可視具體情況取舍。)

4人+spend+時間/錢+onsth/(in)doingsth.

Thegirlspenttwohours(in)searchingtheInternet.

Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.

spend有時可指"度過":spendholiday/weekends/winter

十三.雙賓結構:pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/

show/buy/

ask/tell/build等可加雙賓結構。即后接sb+sth.

其中pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show等可接sth+tosb.

buy,build等可接sth+forsb.

若sth是代詞時,不用雙賓結構。Pleasepassittome.

十四.部分詞作連詞與介詞:(連詞接句子,介詞接名詞或代詞)

KeepcareIwhenyouarelisteningtotheteacher.(連詞)

KeepcareIwhenlisteningtotheteacher.(介詞)

類似的,while,than,before,after,as,since,until等。

如:I'IIwaituntilIhearfromher.(連詞)

FIIwaituntilnextFriday.(介詞)

十五.動詞ed與動詞ing作形容詞用法之一:

1.動詞ed作形容詞:表示被動或已發生,常作定語。

TheboynamedPeterismyfriend.

He'seatingfriedchicken.他在吃炸雞。

Thereisnotimeleft.

IhavereadanovelwrittenbyLuXun.我讀了一部魯迅寫的小說。

Helivesinahousebuilttwentyyearsago.

2.動詞ing作形容詞:表示正進行或功能,常作定語。

arunningbus,therisingsun,abusrunningontheroad(正進行)

asittingroom,thesleepingcar,thebathingsuit(功能)

16.動詞ed與動詞ing作形容詞用法之二:

和心理感受有關,但ed修飾人,ing常修飾物。

Ifeltsurprisedathiswords.

Howexcitingthefilmis!/1wanttogotoaplacewhichisrelaxing.

17.動詞ing和帶to不定式作主語:

Tobeateacherismydream.Workinghardbringsyousuccess.

Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.

Toplanttreesmakesmehappy.(謂語用單數)

Readingbooksgivesyouknowledge.(謂語用單數)

Listeningandwritingarebothdifficult,(i胃語用復數)

18.later/after/ago/before:

1later"…時間后”結構:時間段+later常用于一般過去時。

TheywenttoBeijingfivedayslater.

(later單獨在句尾,常用于將來時:I'IIseeyoulater.)

2after"…時間后”結構:after+時間段,常用于一般過去時,和1相同。

TheywenttoBeijingafterfivedays.

(after也可加句子:I'IIsendyouane-mailafterIgethome.

HefoundouttheinformationafterhehadsearchedtheInternetfor

thirtyminutes.)

3ago"…時間前”結構:時間段+ago,用于一般過去時。TheGreensmoved

toShanghaifourweeksago.

(since+時間段+ag。,主句用現在完成時)

4before單獨放在句尾,常用現在完成時:"以前"

IhavebeentoLondonbefore.Hehasseenthefilmbefore.

(若是時間段+before,則常用過去完成時,譯為“…時間前”:

Ihadseenthefilmtwoweeksbefore.

Wehadfoundouttheanswertotheproblemanhourbefore.)

19.四季:spring春;summer夏;autumn秋;winter冬;season季

20.月January,一月;February,二月;March,三月;April,四月;May,五

月;June,六月;July,七月;August,八月;September,九月;October;十

月;November,H-一月;December;十二月。

21.星期:Sunday,星期日;Monday,星期一;Tuesday,星期二;Wednesday,

星期三;Thursday,星期四;Friday,星期五;Saturday,星期六。Sunday為

第一天,Saturday為最后一天。

22."也”:either,用于否定句的末尾。

also,通常挨著動詞,少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾,前常有逗號。aswell,只

用于句尾。注意:都不用于否定句。

23.帶t。不定式用法之一:

Theapplesaretootallfortheboytoreach.

Thezooisnotagoodplaceforanimalstolivein.

24.(a)little/(a)few:

1few,little"幾乎沒有;少"否定詞。few加可數名詞復數,little加不可數

名詞。

2afew"一些",加可數名詞復數;alittle"一些;一點"也是肯定詞,加不

可數名詞。

3另外在too,very,so等詞后用few,little;在only,just,still等詞后用afew,

alittle.而quiteafew/alittle譯為"很多”

25.及物動詞+副詞:

puton/off/;turnon/off/up/down;useup;letdown;cleanup/out;

setup;handin;fixup;workout;;dressup;pickup;writedown;

wakeup(叫酉星);takeoff;eatup;

賓語是名詞時,可放在中間或后邊,是代詞時只放在中間。

26.as......as用法:

1和…一樣…

Hisroomisasbigasmine.

HerunsasfastasI/me.

2as...aspossible/sbcan”盡可能

Wewentthereassoonaspossible.我們盡可能快地去了那兒。

Listentotheteacherascarefullyyoucan.

3有些短語有幾個意思:assoonas和…一樣快;一…就…;asmuchas和…

一樣多;多達;aslongas和…一樣長;長達;只要;aswellas和…一樣好;

和…一樣;asfaras遠達;就…來說;

27.prefer用法:

prefersth/doingsthtosth/doingsth比起…更喜歡…

prefertodosthratherthandosth寧愿…也不愿…

prefertodosth/preferdoingsth更喜歡做某事

28.some-,any-,every-用法:

1$。1716-"某~,一些~",用于肯定的陳述句中。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.

Maybesomebodyhastakenit.若用于疑問句中表示期待對方肯定的回答或

表示請求或建議.Whynotasksomebodytohelpyou?Shallwegivehim

somethingtoeat?Whataboutsomemilk?Couldyoupleaselendme

somechairs?

2any-,在疑問句中仍譯為"某~,一些Doyouhaveanythingtosay?

Isanybodyinthehouse?在肯定句和否定句中譯為"任何Youmayput

theboxanywhereintheroom.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinthe

class.Wedon'thaveanythingtoeatthismorning.

3every-"每~,強調所有,既包括此也包括彼。Iseverybodyhere?-No,

TomandLucyhaveaskedforleave.Theglasswasbroken,andthe

waterwenteverywhere.

29.動詞時態和形式:八個時態:

一般現在時、

現在進行時(am/is/are+v.ing)、

一般將來時(will/shall/begoingto+動詞原形)、

一般過去時、

過去進行時(was/were+v.ing)、

現在完成時(have/has+v.過去分詞)、

過去完成時(had+v.過去分詞)、

過去將來時(would+v.原形)

3O.if/whether區別:if如果(引導條件狀從)/是否(引導賓從)

whether無論(引導讓步狀從)/是否(引導賓從)

都譯為"是否"時,whether可接orn可,也可接帶to不定式。

if則不可。

1)在引導主語從句時,一般用whether,而不用if。

WhethertheGermanenginewasthefirsttoflyisnotclear.

2)在引導賓語從句時,一般情況下whether和if可以通用。

Thepolicemanaskedif/whetherIhadseentheaccident.

3)只用whether的情況

HeaskedwhetherIwantedtogobyairorbysea.(從句中含有or,強調

選擇,這里只宜用whether)

4Whether可用在介詞之后,引導賓語從句而If則不能。如:Successdepends

onwhetherwemakeevougheffort

31.因為:

because,常是對why的回答,語氣最強。

since,位置:Since...,....Sinceit'salreadylate,Imustgonow.

for,位置:…,for.…語氣最弱。Idrovecarefully,foritfssnowing.

as有時也指"因為",用法基本無限制。

32.表推測:must,may,might,can,could,can't

must"一定",可能性最大,常用于肯定句。Thereisthedoorbell,itmust

beTom.

may/might"也許"一般用于肯定句,may比might可能性大。

Sheiscomingtous.Shemightbeournewteacher.

can/could"可能"could比can語氣更委婉。但can多用于否定。

Youcouldberight,butIdon,tthinkyouare.

Thelightintheofficeisoff.Theteachercan1tbetherenow.

33.so與such區別:

so是副詞,后跟形容詞/副詞,sotall/slowly...

such是形容詞,后跟名詞短語。suchbadweather/goodnews...;sucha

beautifulgirl/animportantlesson/aheavystone...;suchkindboys/

newdesks/friendlypeople;

若名詞前形容詞是many,much,few,little時,不用such,而用so.

somanyflowers/muchrain/fewfriends/littlewater...

也常有Hso/such...that..//句型,譯為"如此…以致于…”。

34.SO的另兩個用法:

1so+be/情態動詞/助動詞+主語,"…也"

上下文所指不是同一個人或物。Thetwinsareworking,soamI.

Iwillstayuptonight,andsowillPeter.A:Iwokeuplatethis

morning.B:SodidI.

2so+主語+be/情態動詞/助動詞,"的確…是"上下文所指是同一個人或

物。A:Wehavelunchatschool.B:Soyoudo.

A:Brucecanworkouttheproblem.B:Sohecan.

35.neither/nor用法之一:

neither/nor+be/情態動詞/助動詞+主語

”…也不"上文是否定句。Shedidn,tgetwell,nordidherbrother.

或對話形式:A:Jimhasnzthadbreakfast.B:NeitherhaveI.

36.keep,make,get,have用法:

1keep+sb/sthdoingsth”讓...一直做..."I'msorryforkeepingyou

waitingsolong,keep+doingsth”堅持做某事”

2make+sb/sthdosth讓…做某事FIItrytomakeyouunderstandwhat

Imean.IfeelsorrythatIhavemadehimwaitforlong.

3get+sb/sthtodosth.讓…做某事。HegotPetertobuyhimapen.

4have+賓語+動詞原形/ing/過去分詞

Havehimdoit,please.讓他做它吧。Wehadthemachineworking.我們讓

那臺機器一直工作著。

Wehadthemachinerepaired.我們讓人修理了那臺機器(讓那臺機器被修理

了1

5也都可接形容詞:keepsafe/busy,keepthedoorclosed/open,

makeushappy,getthedoorclosed,haveeverythingready.

37.used短語:

usedto+動原,"過去常常"Heusedtosmoke.

beusedto譯為"被用來…",后接動原。Itisusedtocutthings.

beusedto譯為"習慣于…",后接動詞ing或名詞/代詞.

如:He'susedtoworkinglate./Weareallusedtofollowingothers.

beusedfor+目的(名詞或動詞ing)如:

Englishisusedforbusiness./Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.

38.through/past/across/over:都可作介詞。

Heclimbedthroughthewindowandsawwhathecouldtakeaway.

Hewentpastmewithoutsayinganywordsandclimbedoverthewall.

Heswamacrosstheriver,【through,空間;past,旁邊;across,表面;over上

方?!?/p>

位移動詞+past相當于動詞pass;位移動詞+across相當于cross.

39.thenumberof/anumberof:前者”…的數量";后者"許多的"都跟可

數名詞復數。前者作主語,謂語用單數;后者作主語,謂語用復數。

Thenumberofthetreesistwothousand.用單數is.

Anumberoftreeshavebeencutdown.用復數have.

40.延續性動詞:Howlong,since,for,(以上見84)until/till等所在肯定句

中的主句謂語要用延續性動詞。

HowlongmayIkeepthisnovel?Fvelivedheresince2002.

Let'swaituntilhecomesback..但否定句中可用短暫性動詞:

Ihaven,tseenyouforalongtime.

41.all/each/both/none/either/neither:

1Allboys/AIIoftheboysarefromChina.all接可數復數,謂語也用復

數。Allofthewaterispolluted.若接不可數,謂語用單數。

2Eachboy/Eachoftheboyshasadifferentbag.each接名詞單數或

接of+限定詞+復數,后謂語都用單數。

3Bothofthetwinsareclever.后面謂語用復數。

4Noneofthestudentshas/havebeentherebefore,none+of+限定詞

+復數,謂語用單、復數都可。另見88

5Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-EitherdayisOK./Either

ofthedaysisOK.謂語用單數。

6Whenshallwemeet,SaturdayorSunday?-Sorry,Ihavetolook

aftermymotherthesetwodays.Thatis,neithertimeisOK./neitherof

thedaysisOK.謂語用單數。

all/each/none分別指三者或更多中的"都"/"每一個"/"沒有一個二

both/either/neither兩者中"都"/"任何一個"/"沒有一個"

42.計量表達法:數量+單位+形容詞。

Thebuildingistwentymeterstall./Thestreetisfortymeterswide.

Thefishisfivekilosheavy./Thisbabyisonlysixmonthsold.

若計量表達的后面跟有名詞,則要用連字符,單位不用復數。

Theyduganeight-meter-deephole./.Iboughta10-kilo-heavyfish.

It'sapieceof2-meter-thickice./Theybuilta50-meter-widestreet.

It'satwo-monthholiday.(此處計量中的形容詞long可省略。)

43.MustI/May1/NeedI...?用法:

1MustI…?我必須…嗎?A:MustIfinishthework?B:Yes,youmust./

No,youneedn,t.

2MayI…?我可以…嗎?A:MayIgooutforawalknow?B:Yes,you

can./No,youmustn,t/can,t.

3NeedI...?我有必要…嗎?A:NeedIcleanthehouse?B:Yes,you

must./No,youneedn't.

44.hundred/thousand/million/billion:前有具體數字,不力口s及of.模糊

兩有,有s必有of。

如:thousandsoftrees;manymillionsofpeople,ninehundredpeople,

tenthousandstudents等。但前若有several,后常不力口s和ofseveralmillion

pounds

45.反意疑問句(QT)部分用法:

1something,nothing,anything,everything作主語,QT主語用it.

Somethingiswrong,isn'tit?/Nothingisdifficult,isit?

2IthinkLucycandowellintheexam,canztshe?

Idon,tthinkhewillcomehereontime,willhe?QT要結合think后

的從句而定。

3祈使句的QT一般用willyou?而Let's...用shallwe?

Getupnow,willyou?Don,tbenoisy,willyou?

Bequiet,willyou?Pleasedon'ttalk,willyou?

Letusdoitnow,willyou?Let'sdoitnow,shallwe?

4Therebe句型,QT主語用there.

Thereisamanworkinginthefield,isn'tthere?

ThereusedtobeameetingonFriday,didn,tthere?

Therewon'tbeamovieinthetheatre,willthere?

46.puton,wear,dress,in:

1puton,"穿上"后接物。表行為,是短暫動詞。Youshouldputonyour

coatwhenyouleave.

2wear,"穿,穿著"后接物,表狀態,是延續性動詞。Healwayswearsthe

yellowsweaterinwinter./Ilikewearingbeautifulclothes.

3dress,"給...穿衣’后接人。Youcandressyourself,baby.

Lucyisdressingherlittlebrothernow.

bedressedin后常接具有某種特征的衣物。

Theladyisdressedinawhiteskirt/white.可直接加表顏色的詞。

4in,"穿著"后接具有某種特征的衣物,表狀態,是介詞,不可作謂語,可

作狀語。Thewomaninawhiteskirtismyteacher.

Doyouknowthegirlinaredcoat?rveseentheboyinyellow.

47.虛擬語氣部分用法:在非真實條件句中要用虛擬語氣,即if從句中用一般過

去時,而主句動詞用would/should+動詞原形,表示與現在相反的主觀設想,

也可以表示在說話人看來實現的可能性很小的情況。(注意:虛擬語氣中的be

動詞都要用were.)

Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.(與現在事實相反)

IfIgotrich,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.(可能性很?。?/p>

48.other/others/theother/theothers/another:

other形容詞

others名詞

another另一個(點菜、買衣服等)

one...theother

some...others

Ifyouarestillthirsty,youmayhaveanothercupoftea.

Themeetingwilllastanothertwohours./Weneedanothersixdesks.

Mrs.Greenhastwosons,oneisinterestedinmath,theother(one/son)

isgoodatscience.

Thispairofshoesisstrange.Oneisblue,yettheotherisgreen.

Twofifthsofthestudentsinourclassareboys,theotherstudentsare

girls/theothersaregirls.Twochildrenwent,buttheothersstayed.

LeiFenglikedhelpingotherpeople/others.

Haveyouanyotherquestions?

Alicedidn,tlikethatdress,sosheaskedtoseesomeothers,

other的另一用法:用比較級的形式,體現最高級的含義。

Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass,(boy用單數)=

Heistallerthanalltheotherboysinhisclass,(boy用復數)

他比班里任何男孩都高(他是班里男孩中最高的1

49.howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar:

1howlong是對長度或時間段提問。Howlongistheriver?-Ifs5,000

kilometerslong.

Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?-Forfivemonths./Since2002.

2howoften是對頻率提問,如:never;sometimes,often,usually,always,

onceaweek,twiceaday,threetimesayear,everyday等。

HowoftendoyouwatchTV?-Everytwodays./Twiceaweek.

【若只有次數,則用howmanytimes提問:

HowmanytimesdoyouwatchTVaweek?-Twice./onlyonce.]

3howsoon是對"in+時間段"提問:將來時

HowsoonwillyoureturntoBeijing?-Inaweek./Intwodays.

4howfar是對時間段‘s+walk/ride/drive或計量表達提問。

-Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?

-Fiveminutes,walk./Anhour*sride./Thirteenminutes,drive.

或者說:It'sabout20kilometers(far)away.(問和回答不同。)

50.分數表達:

二分之一:halfa/an或ahalf.如:

halfanhour=ahalfhour半小時It'shalfpastseven.(省略冠詞)

以下情況中,分子(基數詞)若超過一,分母(序數詞)需加s:

三分之一:a/onethird三分之二:twothirds

四分之一:a/onefourth或a/onequarter

四分之三threefourths或threequarters.

五分之一:a/onefifth五分之二:twofifths其它類推。

若分數所在of短語作主語,謂語依of后的名詞而定:

Twofifthsofthestudentsareontime.(指名詞復數時,謂用復)

Twofifthsofthelandispolluted.(指不可數時,謂用單)

51.到達:

1getto+地點gettoShanghai/London/China

接地點副詞時,不帶to.getthere/home/here.

2arrivein+大地點(Beijing/Zhengzhou),arriveat+小地點

(school/hospital),arrive只作不及物動詞。所以也可單獨用:Pleaseringme

upwhenyouarrive.

3reach只作及物動詞,后直接加地點:reachBeijing/England

但常不說reachhome/there/here.

52.感嘆句:What+名詞短語+主語+謂語!

Whatlazyboys(theyare)!Whathardwork!Whatgoodnews!

Whatagoodidea!Whatbadweather(itis)!Whatapity!

How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!

Howhardtheworkis!Howfastheruns!Howrudeyouare!

Howcarefullytheyarelistening!Howbadtheweatheris!

53.because/instead/out等與力口of的區別:

1because后接句子,becauseof接名詞或代詞。

Hedidn1tcomebecausehewasill./becauseofhisillness.

2instead是副詞,單獨在句尾。insteadof還要接名詞或代詞。

Wedidn,thaverice,wehadnoodlesinstead./insteadofit.

3out副詞,可單獨用,但若接地點,先加of.(也可作介詞,"向…外",可不

加of.一般不要求掌握。)

Hewentoutearly.或Hewentoutofthehouseearly.

54.toomuch,toomany與muchtoo:

去掉前面的詞

muchtoo"過于",加形容詞或副詞原級。muchtoobig/slowly等。

toomuch"太多的",加不可數名詞。toomuchwork/rain等。

toomany"太多的",加可數復數。toomanybooks/people等。

55.alone/lonely:

1alone,"獨自一人;單獨"不含感情色彩。

可當形容詞,但只在系動詞后作表語:Jackisalone.杰克是單身。

Theoldwomanisaloneinthehouse.那位老婦一個人在屋里。

可當副詞,修飾動詞:Shelivesalone.她獨居。

Canyoumovethestonealone?你能獨自搬動那塊兒石頭嗎?

Dickiswalkingonthebeachalone.狄克獨自在海灘漫步。

(注意:不可說veryalone.但可說verymuchalone.是特例)

2lonely,"孤獨的;寂寞的"帶有傷感色彩。只當形容詞。

可在系動詞后作表語:Theoldmanislonely.這位老人是孤獨的。

Hehasmanyrelatives,buthefeelslonely.他有很多親戚,但感到孤獨。

(lonely和心理感受有關,而alone和心理感受無關。)

也可在名詞前作定語:alonelyperson一位孤獨的人

alonelyvillage一個偏僻的村莊(alone不可作定語)

56.belongto與be:Thissuitbelongstome/Lucy/mybrother.(A)

Thissuitismine/Lucy's/mybrother*s/hers.(某物是某人的)

57.by常見用法:

1"通過"IstudyEnglishbymemorizinggrammar.Youcanknowitby

lookingitupinadictionary.Hetravelsbybike.

2"截止到"Willyoufinishthetaskbytomorrow?

Thetrainhadleftbythetimehegotthere.

3"被"ThisnovelwaswrittenbyLuXun.

4"經過"Hepassedbymewithoutnoticingme.

5"在..旁邊"Sitbyme.Theyareplayingbytheriver.

58.部分用in的短語:inEnglish,inagoodway,inahurry,

inpen/ink(見105),intheday(見92),indifferentsizes,indifferent

shapes,inadifficultsituation,ingoodhealth,inaredcoat/inred(見

46),instyle,intheopenair(露天場所)

59.比較級與最高級部分要點:

1不規則形式或易錯形式:

much/many—more—mostbad/badly/ill^worse^worst

far^farther/furtherarthest/furthestlittle-*less-^least

few—fewer—fewestold-*older/elder^oldest/eldest

以ly結尾的形容詞常把-ly換成-lier/-liest.

2常見比較級/最高級句型:Herunsfasterthanme.(有than)

Hedidbetterthananyotherstudentintheschool.(參照48)

Tomisthecleverestboyinhisclass.(某個范圍內)

Heisthetallerofthetwo(boys).(兩者,此句型中加the)

Heisthetallestofthethree(boys).(三者)

Whichisbetter,teaormilk?(兩者選擇)

Whichisthebest,tea,milkorwater?(三者選擇)

It'sthesecondlongestriverinChina.(序數詞后用最高級。)

3"越來越…"比較級+and+比較級

Hecriedharderandharder.Sheisgettingtallerandtaller.

類似:biggerandbigger/happierandhappier/fatterandfatter/

strongerandstronger/richerandricher/worseandworse...

另一種情況:moreandmorebeautiful/slowly/carefullyI...

4"越…,越…""the+比較級”分別置于兩句的開頭"到裝。

ThemoredifficultEnglishis,theharderyoushouldstudy.

Theyoungerweare,themoreenergywehave.

Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillget.

5”越來越多的...”moreandmore+名詞

Moreandmorepeoplearegettingricherandricher.

Weneedmoreandmoredesks/paper/trees/water....

6"…得多"much+形容詞/副詞比較級

Thisroomismuchbiggerthanthatone.

類似:muchtaller/fatter/younger/heavier/faster/earlier/better...

以及:muchmorecareful/difficult/tiring/similar/mysterious...

7"另外的…(個)..."結構:數量+more+名詞

onemoretowel,threemoresuits,manymoretiles,

muchmoretruth,somemoremeat,alotmorewood,

alittlemoreexperience,oncemore=onemoretime=again.

這種結構有時也可用another+數字+名詞替代:

fivemoretrees=anotherfivetrees(記住詞的位置)

6O.talk,tell,say,speak:

1talk只作不及物動詞。(talkwith/tosbtalkaboutsth)

Don,ttalkinclass.ShallwetalkaboutourEnglishstudy?

Heistalkingwithhisteacher.MayItalktoyou?

2tell只作及物動詞,"告訴;講"。常接雙賓結構。Tellsb(not)todosth

Mr.Litoldusaninterestingstory.Whotoldyouthenews?

3say必須接有內容。PleasesayitinEnglish.Hesaidnothing.

"Idisagreewithyou/'Tomsaid.Whatwillyousay?

say若接sb,則需先加to:Imustsaysorrytoyou.

"Ioversleptthismorning/'Hesaidtome.

4speak"說話"不及物動詞。Hespoketoofastformetofollow.

接人時先加介詞to.MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?

可表說話的能力。Thebabycanspeaknow.

Thereissomethingwrongwithhisthroat,hecan,tspeak.

”演講,發言"Whowillspeakinthemeeting?

61osometimes/sometimes/sometime/sometime:

time可數是次數不可數是時間

sometimes:"有時”=attimes.Heisimeslateforschool.

sometimes:"幾次"IhavebeentoNanjingsometimes.

sometime:"某一時刻"Iboughtitsometimelastspring.

We'IImeetagainsometimenextweek.

sometime:"一段時間"Wehavetostayhereforsometime.

62.need的用法:

1need可當情態動詞【當情態動詞時,need無時態變化?!浚ê蚦an等用法類

似,但need只用于疑問句或否定句中):NeedIgonow?(need在一般疑問

句的開頭)Ineedn,ttellyoutheanswer.(否定句中直接在need后力口not)

MustIstudynow?No,Youneedn,t.

2need可當行為動詞(和want等用法類似):

Heneedsabike.(后可直接加名詞)

Ineedtogoovermylessons.(后接帶to不定式)

Doyouneedtohavearest?(一般疑問句中do,does,did在句首)

Wedon'tneedtowaitforhercoming.(否定句中do,does,did提前)

【注:need后接表被動的內容時,可表達為:

TheTVneedstoberepaired.=TheTVneedsrepairing.]

63.dowith與dealwith:都譯為"處理,對付,安排,應付"

Whathaveyoudonewiththemilk?用what提問。

Howshallwedealwiththisproblem?用how提問。

下面兩句由此而來:Couldyoutellmewhattodowiththemilk?

Couldyoutellmehowtodealwiththisproblem?

64.就近原則:常見的有:EitheryouorLucyiswrong.

Thereisadogandtwocatsintheyard,(therebe句型)

Notonlyyoubut(also)Iamstrictinthework.

NeitheryounorLucyhasseenthefilmbefore.

65.主謂一致:One/Neitherofyouisright.(單數謂語)

Tom,withhisfriends,hasgone.(主語是Tom,單數謂語)

Thispairofshoeslooksbeautiful.(主語是pair,單數謂語)

Theshoeslookbeautiful.(主語無pair,復數謂語)

Everyboyandeverygirlhasachancetodoit.(單數謂語)

Theoldneedtobelookedaftercarefully.Theyoungareenergetic,

(the加形容詞表一類人,謂語用復數)

Mr.andMrsGreenarefromAmerica.指格林夫婦(復數謂語)

Theteacherandwriterisanableman.指教師兼作家,一個人,單數謂語。

BothyouandIareexcitedaboutthenews.(復數謂語)

thenumberof與anumberof參見39.(分數表達見50)

66.quite/such/really用法之一:如果出現不定冠詞時,常放在后面。

It'squiteaneasyquestion.Heisquiteacleverboy.

It'ssuchanimportantlesson.(另見33)Lilyisreallyalazygirl.

67.部分用what提問的句型:

Whatsizedoyouwant?Whatwillyoudowiththeproblem?

What'sthepopulationofChina?Whatdayisittoday?

What'sthedatetoday?What'

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