科技英語翻譯-引言、冠詞、連詞、數詞

科技英語翻譯IntroductionThefeaturesofESTI.ComplicatedlongsentencesGenerally,ESTisrequiredtostateaccuratelyandreasonstrictly,therefore,itiscommonthatthereexist3or4even5or6clausesinalongsentence.WhentranslatingintoChinese,onehastoseparatethesentenceintocorrespondingnumberofclausessoastostateclearlyandavoid“ChineseEnglish”.e.g.1.Factorieswillnotbuymachinesunlesstheybelievethatthemachinewillproducegoodsthattheyareabletoselltoconsumersatapricethatwillcoverallcosts.

譯文1：除非相信那些機器造出的產品賣給消費者的價格足夠支付所有開銷，廠家是不會買那些機器的。譯文2：要不相信那些機器造出的產品售價夠本，廠家是不會買的。2.Thereisanincreasingbeliefintheideathatthe“problemsolvingattitude”oftheengineermustbebuttressed(strengthened)notonlybytechnicalknowledgeand“scientificanalysis”butthattheengineermustalsobeawareofeconomicsandpsychologyand,perhapsevenmoreimportant,thathemustunderstandtheworldaroundhim.(onemainclauseandthreesub-clauses)譯文：越來越信服的想法是：工程師不僅必須用技術知識和科學分析來加強解決問題的意向，而且也一定要了解經濟學和心理學，而可能更為重要的是：必須懂得周圍世界。II.PassivevoicePassivevoiceisquiteoftenusedinEnglish,andthereareabout1/3ofsentencesinpassivevoice.Thepurposeofthepassivevoiceistostressthestatedobjectivematterwhichisputatthebeginningofasentenceasthesubjecttoemphasizeitsimportance.Note:Duringtheprocessoftranslation,thepassivevoiceshouldbeconvertedintotheactivevoicesoastoconformtoChinesegrammaticalrules.

e.g.1.Noworkcanbedonewithoutenergy.譯文：沒有能量就不能做功。2.Allsortsofnecessitiesoflifecanbemadeofplastics.譯文：各種生活必需品都能用塑料制造。3.Allbusinessdecisionsmustnowbemadeinthelightofthemarket.譯文：所有企業現在必須根據市場來作出決策。4.Automobilesmaybemanufacturedwithcomputer-drivenrobotsorputtogetheralmosttotallybyhand.譯文：汽車可以由計算機操縱的機器人來制造，或者幾乎全部用手工裝配。III.Non-finiteverbsOnlyoneverbcanbeusedasthepredicateinasimplesentenceinEnglish.Ifthereareseveralverbs,themajoractionmustbeselectedoutasthepredicate,whiletheotheractionscanbeexpressedintheformofnon-finiteverbs.Non-finiteverbsconsistofgerund,participle(presentandpast)andinfinitive.e.g.1.要成為一個名符其實的內行，需要學到老。Tobeatrueprofessionalrequireslifelonglearning.2.把水加熱并不會改變水的化學成分。Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.3.任何具有重量并占有空間的東西都是物質。Matterisanythinghavingweightandoccupyingspace.4.Havingdefinedtheunitsforlength,mass,andtime,wecanexpressthroughthemtheunitsforotherphysicalquantities.由于我們定義了長度、質量和時間的單位，我們就可以通過他們來表示其他物理量的單位了。人們發現一切物質都是由原子和分子構成的。IVNominalizationAllsubstanceswillpermitthepassageofsomeelectriccurrent,providedthepotentialdifferenceishighenough.只要有足夠的電位差，電流就可通過任何物質。Thedependenceofevaporationrateofaliquidonitstemperatureisenormous.液體蒸發的速度很大程度上取決于它的溫度。

Animprovementoftheperformanceofthemachinecanbeeffectedbytheuseofsuper-heatedsteam.可以通過用加熱的水蒸氣提高該機器的性能。VPost-modifiersManyimportantequationsinscienceandtechnologyhavefractionsinthem.科學技術中的許多重要的式子都帶有分數。Userdaterareusuallyassociatedwithanapplicationsuchasaccountsreceivable.用戶數據通常與某一應用有關，例如應收的賬目。C-EPractice1.圖五說明了A隨B變化的情況。Englishversion:Figure5showsthevariationofAwithB.2.這些因素決定了計算機儲存信息的能力。Englishversion:Thesefactorsdeterminetheabilityofacomputertostoreinformation.3.AC與DC相比有許多優點。Englishversion:AChasmanyadvantagesoverDC.(Theotherexpressions:a.TheadvantagesofACoverDCaremany.b.TherearemanyadvantagesofACoverDC.)4.以何種順序把A和B相加起來是沒有關系的。Englishversion:ItdoesnotmatterinwhichorderAandBareadded.5.你只需要測量一下這個電阻上的電壓。Allyouneedtodoistomeasurethevoltageacrosstheresistor.PartsofSpeechI.Articles1.Thetranslation(1)amuste.g.a.Hereisanexample.=Anexamplefollows.譯文:下面我們舉一個例子。b.Anexperimentfollows.譯文:下面我們來做一個實驗。(2)amustn’t(neverallowedtotranslatearticlesintoChinese)e.g.a.Awattistheunitofelectricalpower.譯文:瓦特是電功率的單位。b.Thevoltagebetweenthebaseandtheemitterissmall.譯文:基極與發射極之間的電壓很小。(3)anuncertainty(twochoices)e.g.a.θisaparameter.譯文:θ是（一個）參數。b.Xisavariable.譯文:X是（一個）變量。2.TheirspecialpositionsGenerally,articlesareputintheveryfrontofthenounphrases,andthepositioniscalledthenormalposition.Nowlet’sseetheirspecialpositions:definitearticleallboth+the+nounhalfe.g.a.Allthetermsarepositive.譯文:各項均為正。b.Boththeinstrumentsaregoodinquality.譯文:這兩臺儀器的質量都很好。c.Thisaveragevelocityisjusthalfthefinalvelocity.譯文:這個平均速度正好是末速度的一半。（2）indefinitearticles●suchwhat+a(an)+noune.g.a.Inelectricalengineering,suchalargeunitisseldomused.譯文:在電氣工程中，這么大的單位是很少使用的。b.Whatagoodcomputer(itis)!譯文:這是一臺多么好的計算機啊！●howsotoo+adj.+a(an)+singlenounas…(as)e.g.a.Howbigamedicineballdoweneedtoexplaintheshort-rangeforcesofattractionbetweenthenucleonsinanucleus?譯文:為了說明原子核中核子之間的短距離吸引力，我們該用一個多大的藥丸呢？

b.Aluminumisnotasgoodaconductorascopper.譯文:鋁的導電率不如銅高。c.Thisissosensitiveadevicethatitcanmeasuretheslightchangeinpressure.譯文:這臺儀器如此靈敏，它能測出壓力的微弱變化。d.ChinahasseveraltimesaslargeanareaasFrance(does).譯文:中國具有數倍于法國那么大的面積。e.Thisistoocomplicatedaproblemforustogointo.譯文:這個問題太復雜了，我們（在此）不加討論。II.Coordinators

1.AndGenerally,itcanbetranslatedinto“和”,“與”,“并且”,“以及”,“而”,“又”,“且”等e.g.a.Smallswitchescontrollampsandradios.譯文:小型開關用來控制電燈和收音機。b.Achangeofcropandtheuseofagoodfertilizerwillkeepthelandingoodcondition.譯文:更換作物以及使用優質肥料，能使土地保持良好的狀態。

c.Thiscomputerislargeandcomplicated.譯文:這臺計算機大而復雜。d.Wetakealongpieceofpowerwire,andweneedastraightpieceofiron.譯文:我們取一根長的電線，并且需要一塊條形鐵。e.Asodiumwire(鈉絲)willburninchlorine（氯氣）andproducesalt.譯文:鈉絲會在氯氣中燃燒（從而）產生鹽。

When“and”introducesasentence,itcanbetranslatedinto“于是”,“而且”,“那么”,“同時”等。e.g.Andsomethingunusualhappened.譯文:于是出現了異常現象。

e.g.Beforewedothis,weshouldpauseandconsider.譯文:在做此之前，我們應停下來考慮一下。

2.Or(1)Functions:a.choice---itcanbetranslatedinto“或者”e.g.Accuracyisexpressedasabsoluteerrororrelativeerror.譯文:精度可以表示為絕對誤差或者相對誤差。b.apposition---itcanbetranslatedinto“即”,“也就是”,“換句話說”(Thereisa“,”before“or”.)e.g.●Variations(變化)insoundcausevariationsinthestrength,oramplitude(振幅),oftheradiocarrierwaves.譯文:聲音的變化引起無線電載波的強度，即振幅的變化。●Theunitofimpedance(阻抗)isevidentlyonevoltperampereoroneohm.譯文:顯然阻抗的單位是每安培一伏特，即一歐姆。c.betweentwoclauseswitha“,”infront,itcanbetranslatedinto“要不然”.

e.g.●Itisimportantforthereadertolearnandunderstandthebasicconceptsandoperations(運算方法)presentedhere,orthedevelopment(論述)andtheapplicationsoflatertopicswillbedifficulttocomprehend.譯文:讀者學習和理解這里講解的基本概念和運算方法是非常重要的，要不然后面題目的論述和應用將難以理解。

III.Numerals1.ThewaytoexpressafractionPattern:cardinalnumberordinalnumber(Theordinalnumberisinpluralformexceptwhenthecardinalnumberis1,inwhichcasethesingularformmustbeused.)Read：1/3，?，3/5，7/9

a.afewtenthsofapercent譯文:千分之幾b.ByvaryingVBEonlyafewhundredthsofavolt,thebasecurrent(基極電流)canbechangedsignificantly(明顯地).譯文:只要使VBE變化百分之幾（零點零幾）伏，就可使基極電流產生明顯的變化。c.Thisisonlyafewthousandthsoftheheatofvaporization(汽化熱).譯文:這僅是汽化熱的千分之幾。Translate:百萬分之三：Englishversion:3partsin106（tentothesixthpower）萬分之一：Englishversion:one(a)partin104（tentothefourthpower）十億分之五：Englishversion:5partsper(inone)billion它們之差為百萬分之十。

Englishversion:Theirdifferenceis10partsinamillion/permillion/in106.

Afractionthe(its;their)+nounAmultiple+that+post-modifier(ofphrase)Apercentagewhatclause

2.Specialwaysforanumeraltoactasapre-modifier

e.g.a.Themoonisaboutone-quarter

thesizeoftheearth.譯文:月球的體積約為地球的四分之一。b.Thelengthofthishelicalantenna(螺旋天線)isfivetimes

itsdiameter.譯文:這個螺旋天線的長度是其直徑的五倍。c.Theresistivityofaluminumis1.6times

thatofcopper.譯文:鋁的電阻率為銅的1.6倍。3.Translationtechniques:Ntimes+comparativedegreethan=ntimesasthebaseform+as原級+asCompare:●Thewire(導線)isfivetimeslongerthanthatone.譯文:…比那根長4倍。●Thewireisfivemeterslongerthanthatone.譯文:….比