六盤(pán)水市全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）三級(jí)練習(xí)試題庫(kù)(2025年下半年)

六盤(pán)水市全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）三級(jí)練習(xí)試題庫(kù)(2025年下半年)SectionIUseofEnglishReadthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Theconceptofurbanagriculturehasevolvedfromanichehobbytoacriticalcomponentofurbansustainability.Inmoderncities,whereconcretejunglesdominatethelandscape,the1ofgreenspacesforfarmingisnotmerelyanaestheticchoicebuta2necessity.Urbanagricultureencompassesawidearrayofpractices,3fromsmallbackyardgardenstoexpansiverooftopfarms.Theintegrationofagricultureintotheurbanfabric4numerousbenefits,addressingfoodsecurity,environmentaldegradation,andsocial5.Historically,citiesandfarmsweredistinctlyseparate6.However,therapidurbanizationofthe20thcentury7amassivemigrationfromruraltourbanareas,8inadisconnectbetweenfoodproductionandconsumption.Today,withoverhalfoftheglobalpopulation9incities,theneedtolocalizefoodproductionhasneverbeenmore10.Urbanfarmssignificantlyreducethedistancefoodtravelsfromfarmtofork,11knownas"foodmiles."Thisreductionintransportationnotonly12greenhousegasemissionsbutalsoensuresthatproducereachesconsumers13,retaininghighernutritionalvalue.Furthermore,urbanagricultureplaysavitalrolein14theurbanheatislandeffect,aphenomenonwherecitycentersexperiencesignificantly15temperaturesthansurroundingruralareasduetohumanactivitiesand16surfaces.Plantsnaturallycooltheairthroughaprocesscalled17,makinggreenroofsandurbangardenseffectivetoolsin18energyconsumptionforairconditioning.Themathematicalmodelrepresentingthiscoolingeffectcanbe19bytheequationQ=E×L,whereQrepresentstheheatenergyabsorbedbytheplant,Eistherateofevapotranspiration,and1.A.instructionB.introductionC.inductionD.intrusion2.A.strategicB.trivialC.flexibleD.redundant3.A.derivingB.rangingC.differingD.arising4.A.yieldsB.capturesC.submitsD.undergoes5.A.cohesionB.eruptionC.isolationD.eruption6.A.entitiesB.equivalentsC.dimensionsD.attachments7.A.triggeredB.terminatedC.discouragedD.stabilized8.A.imposingB.resultingC.culminatingD.originating9.A.residingB.depositingC.committingD.transferring10.A.urgentB.obsoleteC.ambiguousD.marginal11.A.commonlyB.formallyC.strictlyD.rarely12.A.boostsB.diminishesC.escalatesD.initiates13.A.prematurelyB.efficientlyC.freshlyD.artificially14.A.aggravatingB.mitigatingC.generatingD.tolerating15.A.lowerB.higherC.stableD.varied16.A.reflectiveB.absorptiveC.permeableD.transparent17.A.respirationB.photosynthesisC.evapotranspirationD.decomposition18.A.increasingB.reallocatingC.reducingD.measuring19.A.expressedB.impressedC.compressedD.suppressed20.A.inspiteofB.bymeansofC.onaccountofD.forthesakeofSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Text1Thetelemedicinerevolutionhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofhealthcaredelivery,shiftingtheparadigmfromtraditionalin-personconsultationstovirtualencounters.Whiletheinitialadoptionoftelemedicinewassluggish,primarilyduetoregulatoryhurdlesandtechnologicallimitations,theglobalpandemicactedasapowerfulcatalyst,acceleratingitsintegrationintomainstreamhealthcaresystems.Today,telemedicineisnolongerjustatemporarystopgap;ithasbecomeapermanentfixture,offeringunparalleledconvenienceandaccessibility.However,thetransitionisnotwithoutitschallenges.Oneoftheprimaryconcernsisthe"digitaldivide."Whileurbanpopulationswithhigh-speedinternetanddigitalliteracycaneasilyaccesstheseservices,elderlypatientsandthoseinruralorlow-incomeareasoftenfindthemselvesmarginalized.Thelackofphysicalexaminationcanalsoleadtomisdiagnosesincertaincomplexmedicalcases.Physiciansmustrelyheavilyonpatientdescriptionsandvisualcues,whichmaynotalwayspaintacompleteclinicalpicture.Moreover,thelegalandethicalimplicationsoftelemedicinearestillbeingdebated.Dataprivacyisaparamountconcern.Healthdatatransmittedovertheinternetisvulnerabletobreaches,andensuringend-to-endencryptionisasignificantchallengeforproviders.Additionally,thequestionofmedicallicensingacrossstateornationalborderscomplicatesthedeliveryofcare.AdoctorinNewYork,forinstance,maynotbelegallypermittedtotreatapatientinLondonviaavideocall,unlessspecialcross-bordertelemedicinelicensesareobtained.Despitethesehurdles,thefutureoftelemedicineappearspromising.Innovationssuchaswearablehealthdevicesandartificialintelligence-drivendiagnostictoolsarebridgingthegapbetweenvirtualandphysicalcare.Patientscannowhavetheirheartrate,bloodoxygenlevels,andevenelectrocardiogramsmonitoredinreal-timeandtransmittedseamlesslytotheirhealthcareproviders.Astechnologyevolvesandregulatoryframeworksadapt,telemedicineispoisedtodemocratizehealthcare,makingitmorepatient-centricandefficient.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwasthemainreasonfortheslowinitialadoptionoftelemedicine?A.Lackofpatientdemand.B.Highcostsofmedicalequipment.C.Regulatoryobstaclesandtechnologicalconstraints.D.Resistancefromtraditionalmedicalinstitutions.22.The"digitaldivide"mentionedinparagraph2referstothegapbetween_____.A.urbanandruralhealthcarefacilitiesB.thosewhocaneasilyaccessdigitalservicesandthosewhocannotC.elderlydoctorsandyoungpatientsD.high-incomeandlow-incomehospitals23.Whatisamajorlegalchallengefortelemedicineprovidersmentionedinthetext?A.Obtainingmedicallicensesacrossdifferentregions.B.Payingforhigh-speedinternetinfrastructure.C.Convincingpatientstousewearabledevices.D.Trainingdoctorsinnewtechnologies.24.Howaretechnologicalinnovationsaddressingthelimitationsofvirtualcare?A.Byreducingthecostofmedicalconsultations.B.Byallowingdoctorstoperformphysicalexamsremotely.C.Byenablingreal-timemonitoringanddatatransmissionofvitalsigns.D.Byreplacinghumandoctorswithartificialintelligenceentirely.25.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureoftelemedicine?A.Skepticalandcautious.B.Optimisticbutrealistic.C.Highlycriticalanddismissive.D.Indifferentanduninvolved.Text2Theglobaltransitiontorenewableenergysources,particularlywindandsolarpower,iscentraltomitigatingthecatastrophicimpactsofclimatechange.However,theinherentintermittencyofthesesources—winddoesnotalwaysblow,andthesundoesnotalwaysshine—presentsaformidablechallengetogridstability.Toaddressthis,scientistsandengineersareincreasinglyturningtolarge-scaleenergystoragesolutions,withbatterytechnologyemergingasthelinchpinoftherenewableenergyrevolution.Amongthevarioustypesofbatteries,lithium-ionbatteriescurrentlydominatethemarket.Theyarelightweight,haveahighenergydensity,andboastarelativelylongcyclelife.Thefundamentalphysicsoftheiroperationcanbeunderstoodthroughtheelectricalpotentialdifferencetheycreate.TheenergyEstoredinabatteryisdirectlyproportionaltoitscapacityQanditsvoltageV,expressedbytheformulaE=Q×V.Consequently,researchersarerelentlesslysearchingfornewmaterialsthatcanincreaseDespitetheiradvantages,lithium-ionbatteriesarenotapanacea.Theextractionoflithiumandcobalt,essentialcomponentsofthesebatteries,raisessignificantenvironmentalandethicalconcerns.Miningoperationsoftenleadtowaterdepletion,soildegradation,andhumanrightsabusesindevelopingnations.Furthermore,theriskofthermalrunaway—aphenomenonwhereabatteryoverheatsandcatchesfire—posessafetyrisksthatrequirestringentmanufacturingstandards.Asaresult,alternativebatterytechnologiesaregainingtraction.Solid-statebatteries,forexample,replacetheliquidelectrolytefoundintraditionallithium-ionbatterieswithasolidone.Thisinnovationpromiseshigherenergydensity,fasterchargingtimes,andenhancedsafetybyeliminatingtheflammableliquidcomponent.Flowbatteries,anotherpromisingalternative,useliquidelectrolytesstoredinexternaltanks,makingthemhighlyscalableforgrid-levelstorage.Theycandischargeenergyformuchlongerdurationsthanlithium-ionbatteries,makingthemidealforbridgingthegapduringextendedperiodsoflowwindorsolaroutput.Theevolutionofbatterytechnologyisnotjustascientificendeavor;itisaneconomicandgeopoliticalimperative.Nationsthatleadthedevelopmentandmanufacturingofadvancedenergystoragesystemswillundoubtedlysecureadominantpositioninthefutureglobaleconomy,dictatingthepaceoftheenergytransitionandreapingtheeconomicrewardsofadecarbonizedworld.26.Whatistheprimarychallengeofwindandsolarenergymentionedinthetext?A.Theyaretooexpensivetoinstall.B.Theyrequiretoomuchlandspace.C.Theirenergyoutputisnotcontinuousorpredictable.D.Theyproducealotofpollutionduringoperation.27.AccordingtotheformulaE=A.Bydecreasingthecapacityandincreasingthevoltage.B.Byfindingmaterialsthatenhancethecapacity(Q)orthevoltage(V).C.Byreplacingtheliquidelectrolytewithasolidone.D.Bymakingthebatteriesphysicallylarger.28.Whatisamajorenvironmentalandethicalconcernassociatedwithcurrentlithium-ionbatteries?A.Thehighcostofrecyclingusedbatteries.B.Thepollutiongeneratedduringthemanufacturingprocessindevelopedcountries.C.Thedestructiveminingoflithiumandcobaltandassociatedhumanrightsissues.D.Thefrequentoccurrenceofbatteryexplosionsinconsumerelectronics.29.Whatisanadvantageofsolid-statebatteriesovertraditionallithium-ionbatteries?A.Theyarecheapertoproduce.B.Theyusealiquidelectrolytethatpreventsthermalrunaway.C.Theyofferhigherenergydensityandimprovedsafety.D.Theyarespecificallydesignedforsmallconsumerelectronics.30.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthedevelopmentofenergystoragetechnologyinthefinalparagraph?A.Itissolelyascientificchallengewithlittlereal-worldimpact.B.Itwilldetermineglobaleconomicandgeopoliticalleadershipinthefuture.C.Itisanimpossibletaskthatwilltakecenturiestoachieve.D.Itwillmaketraditionalenergysourcescompletelyobsoletewithinadecade.Text3Thegigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,hasexperiencedexponentialgrowthoverthepastdecade.PlatformslikeUber,Upwork,andFiverrhavetransformedhowservicesarerenderedandconsumed,offeringworkersunprecedentedflexibilityandautonomy.Formany,theabilityto"beyourownboss"andsetone'sownhoursistheultimateprofessionaldream.However,beneaththesurfaceofthisapparentfreedomliesacomplexwebofeconomicandpsychologicalchallengesthatgigworkersfacedaily.Themostglaringissueisthelackoftraditionalemploymentbenefits.Unlikefull-timeemployees,gigworkersdonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,retirementcontributions,orworkers'compensationintheeventofaninjury.Thiscreatesaprecariousfinancialexistence,whereasingleaccidentorillnesscanleadtopersonalbankruptcy.Furthermore,theearningsofgigworkerscanbehighlyvolatile.Theyareatthemercyofalgorithmicmanagementsystemsthatfrequentlyalterpayratesandtaskallocationcriteriawithouttransparencyornegotiation.Psychologically,thegigeconomyfostersaprofoundsenseofisolation.Traditionalworkplacesprovidesocialinteraction,mentorship,andasenseofcorporatecommunity.Gigworkers,operatingasindependentcontractors,oftenmissoutonthesevitalhumanconnections.Theconstantpressuretosecurethenextgigcanleadtochronicstress,anxiety,andburnout.Thereisnoclearboundarybetweenworkandpersonallife;thesmartphone,whichservesastheprimarytoolforfindingwork,becomesaninescapabletethertothedigitalmarketplace.Legalandregulatoryframeworkshavestruggledtokeeppacewiththerapidexpansionofthegigeconomy.Thecorelegaldebatecentersonworkerclassification:aregigworkersindependentcontractorsoremployees?Platformsarguethattheirworkersareindependentcontractors,enjoyingthefreedomtochoosewhenandwheretowork.Laboradvocates,however,contendthattheseplatformsexertsignificantcontroloverworkers—settingprices,dictatingacceptablebehavior,andeventerminatingaccesstotheplatform—effectivelyfunctioningasemployerswithouttheassociatedresponsibilities.Thefutureofthegigeconomydependslargelyonhowsocietieschoosetoregulateit.Strikingabalancebetweenpreservingtheflexibilitythatattractsmillionstogigworkandprovidingthesocialsafetynetnecessarytoprotectthemfromexploitationisthechallengeofourtime.Solutionsmayincludeportablebenefitssystemsthatfollowtheworkerratherthantheemployer,ortheestablishmentofanew,thirdcategoryofworkerthatgrantsspecificrightswithoutfullemploymentstatus.31.Accordingtothetext,whatistheprimaryattractionofthegigeconomyforworkers?A.Highandstableincomes.B.Comprehensivehealthbenefits.C.Flexibilityandautonomy.D.Opportunitiesforpromotion.32.Whatdoestheword"precarious"inparagraph2mostlikelymean?A.Safeandsecure.B.Highlyprofitable.C.Uncertainandrisky.D.Highlycompetitive.33.Whichofthefollowingisapsychologicalchallengefacedbygigworkers?A.Theyareforcedtoworklonghoursbytheiremployers.B.Theysufferfromalackofsocialinteractionandcommunity.C.Theyareconstantlymonitoredbytheircoworkers.D.Theyreceivetoomuchmentorshipfromplatformmanagers.34.Whatisthecentrallegaldebateregardingthegigeconomy?A.Whetherplatformsshouldbeallowedtooperateinternationally.B.Whethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasindependentcontractorsoremployees.C.Whethergigworkersshouldunionize.D.Whetherplatformsshouldlowertheircommissionrates.35.Whatissuggestedasapotentialsolutiontotheproblemsinthegigeconomy?A.Banningallgigeconomyplatforms.B.Forcingallgigworkerstobecomefull-timeemployees.C.Implementingportablebenefitssystemsorcreatinganewworkercategory.D.Allowingplatformstoself-regulatewithoutgovernmentinterference.Text4ThehistoricalnarrativeoftheSilkRoadhaslongbeendominatedbyromanticizedtalesofmerchantscarryingsilkandspicesacrossvastdesertsandovertoweringmountains.Whiletheeconomicexchangeofgoodsisanundeniableaspectofthisancientnetwork,adeeperhistoricalanalysisrevealsthattheSilkRoadwas,morefundamentally,asuperhighwayforthetransmissionofculture,technology,andideas.TheculturaldiffusionthatoccurredalongtheseroutesprofoundlyshapedthedevelopmentofcivilizationsacrossEurasia.OneofthemostsignificanttechnologicaltransfersalongtheSilkRoadwasthetransmissionofpapermakingfromChinatotheIslamicworldandeventuallytoEurope.BeforetheestablishmentofpapermillsinBaghdadinthe8thcentury,knowledgeinEuropewasprimarilyrecordedonpapyrusorparchment,bothofwhichwereexpensiveanddifficulttoproduce.Theintroductionofpaper,acheaperandmoredurablemedium,revolutionizedthepreservationanddisseminationofinformation,layingthegroundworkfortheEuropeanRenaissanceandtheScientificRevolution.Religionandphilosophyalsotraveledtheseroutes.Buddhism,originatinginIndia,spreadnorthwardintoCentralAsiaandeventuallyintoChina,profoundlyinfluencingthespirituallandscapeofEastAsia.ThetranslationofBuddhistscripturesintolocallanguagesnotonlyfacilitatedreligiousconversionbutalsostimulatedthedevelopmentoflocalliterature,art,andarchitecture.TheiconicBuddhistcavetemplesfoundalongtheSilkRoadinChinastandasatestamenttothisprofoundculturalsynthesis,blendingIndian,Persian,andindigenousChineseartisticstyles.However,thetransmissionofideaswasnotalwayspeacefulorbenign.TheSilkRoadalsoservedasavectorforthespreadofdiseases.TheBlackDeath,whichdevastatedEuropeinthe14thcentury,iswidelybelievedtohavetraveledalongtheSilkRoadfromCentralAsia.Themovementofmerchantsandtheiranimalsfacilitatedthespreadofpathogens,leadingtocatastrophicdemographicdeclinesthatreshapedthesocialandeconomicstructuresoftheaffectedregions.Inconclusion,viewingtheSilkRoadmerelyasacommercialtraderouteisanoversimplification.Itwasacomplex,multidirectionalnetworkofexchange.Whilesilkandspicesmayhavebeentheinitialeconomiccatalystsfortravel,itwastheintangiblecargo—knowledge,beliefs,andunfortunately,diseases—thatleftthemostenduringlegacyonhumanhistory.UnderstandingthismultifacetednatureoftheSilkRoadprovidesvaluableinsightsintohowcivilizationsinteract,adapt,andevolveovertime.36.Whatisthemainargumentoftheauthorinthefirstparagraph?A.TheSilkRoadwasprimarilyacommercialtraderoute.B.Silkandspiceswerethemostimportantitemstraded.C.TheSilkRoadwasfundamentallyanetworkforculturalandintellectualexchange.D.MerchantsweretheonlypeoplewhotraveledtheSilkRoad.37.Accordingtothetext,howdidtheintroductionofpaperaffectEurope?A.Itmadebooksmoreexpensive.B.IthinderedtheScientificRevolution.C.Itfacilitatedthepreservationandspreadofinformation.D.Itreplacedpapyrusbutwaslessdurable.38.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheBuddhistcavetemplesinChina?A.TheywerebuiltexclusivelybyIndianarchitects.B.Theydemonstrateamixtureofdifferentculturalartisticstyles.C.Theywereprimarilyusedforcommercialtransactions.D.TheyweredestroyedduringtheBlackDeath.39.Theword"benign"inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto_____.A.harmfulB.beneficialandharmlessC.rapidD.intentional40.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthestudyoftheSilkRoadtoday?A.Itisnolongerrelevanttomodernhistoricalresearch.B.Ithelpsusunderstandthecomplexprocessesofculturalinteraction.C.Itfocusesexclusivelyontheeconomicimpactoftrade.D.Itprovesthatglobalizationisamodernphenomenonwithnohistoricalprecedent.PartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestions41-45bycompletingthesentences.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.Oceanacidificationisoftenreferredtoas"climatechange'seviltwin."Whilethewarmingoftheplanetduetogreenhousegasemissionsdominatespublicdiscourse,theabsorptionofcarbondioxidebytheworld'soceansposesanequallysevere,albeitlessvisible,threattomarineecosystems.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialrevolution,theoceanshaveabsorbedapproximately30%ofthecarbondioxideemittedbyhumanactivities.Whilethishassignificantlyslowedtherateofglobalwarming,ithasfundamentallyalteredthechemistryofseawater.Whencarbondioxide(C)dissolvesinseawater(O),itreactstoformcarbonicacid(C).Thisaciddissociatesintohydrogenions()andbicarbonateions(HC).TheincreaseinhydrogenionslowersthepHoftheocean,makingitmoreacidic.Theseverityofthisacidificationcanbemathematicallymodeled.ThepHscaleislogarithmic,meaningadecreaseofonepHunitrepresentsatenfoldincreaseinhydrogenionconcentration.TherelationshipisdefinedbytheformulapH=?Themostimmediatebiologicalimpactofoceanacidificationisoncalcifyingorganisms.Creaturessuchascorals,oysters,clams,andsomeplanktonrelyoncarbonateionstobuildtheircalciumcarbonateshellsandskeletons.However,theexcesshydrogenionsreactwithcarbonateionstoformmorebicarbonate,reducingtheavailabilityofcarbonate.Thismakesitexceedinglydifficultfortheseorganismstobuildandmaintaintheirprotectivestructures.Inseverelyacidifiedwaters,existingshellscanevenbegintodissolve.Thedeclineofcoralreefsisparticularlyalarming.Reefsareoftencalledthe"rainforestsofthesea"duetotheirimmensebiodiversity.Theyprovidehabitatandfoodforaquarterofallmarinespecies.Ascoralsstruggletocalcify,reefsweakenanderode,leadingtothecollapseoftheentireecosystemthatdependsonthem.Thislosshasprofoundimplicationsforglobalfoodsecurity,asmillionsofpeoplerelyonreefecosystemsforprotein.Furthermore,oceanacidificationcanaffectthebehaviorofmarinelife.Studieshaveshownthatincreasedacidityinterfereswiththenervoussystemsofsomefish,impairingtheirabilitytodetectpredators,findfood,andnavigate.Thisphysiologicalandbehavioraldisruptionthreatenstounravelthecomplexfoodwebsthatsustainmarinelife,fromthesmallestplanktontothelargestwhales.41.Theworld'soceanshaveabsorbedabout________ofthecarbondioxideemittedbyhumanactivitiessincetheindustrialrevolution.42.AccordingtotheformulapH43.Thereactionbetweenexcesshydrogenionsandcarbonateionsreducestheavailabilityof________,whichisessentialforcalcifyingorganismstobuildtheirshells.44.Coralreefsarecalledthe"rainforestsofthesea"becausetheypossessimmense________andprovidehabitatforalargeportionofmarinespecies.45.Inadditiontodamagingshellsandskeletons,oceanacidificationalsointerfereswiththe________ofsomefish,affectingtheirsurvivalinstincts.SectionIIIWritingPartA46.YouareplanningtoapplyforavolunteerpositionattheupcomingInternationalCulturalExchangeExhibitioninyourcity.Writeanemailtotheorganizingcommittee.Youremailshouldinclude:1)yourintentiontoapplyforthevolunteerposition,2)yourqualificationsandrelevantexperience,3)youravailabletimeduringtheexhibitionperiod.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.PartB47.Belowisachartshowingthechangesintheprimarymodesoftransportationusedbyurbancommutersinamajorcitybetween2010and2020.Writeanessaybasedonthechart.Inyourwriting,youshould:1)describethechartbriefly,2)analyzethepossiblereasonsforthechanges,3)giveyourcommentsonthephenomenon.Youshouldwriteabout160-200wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(ChartDescription:Year2010:PrivateCars45%,PublicTransit(Bus/Subway)35%,Bicycles/Walking20%Year2020:PrivateCars25%,PublicTransit(Bus/Subway)50%,Bicycles/Walking25%)AnswerKeyandExplanationsSectionIUseofEnglish1.B.introduction解析：此句意為“在混凝土叢林占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的現(xiàn)代城市中，為農(nóng)業(yè)引入綠色空間不僅是一種美學(xué)選擇，更是戰(zhàn)略上的必然要求。”instruction指示，教導(dǎo)；induction歸納，誘導(dǎo)；intrusion闖入，侵?jǐn)_，均不符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。2.A.strategic解析：結(jié)合上文，城市發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)是一種“戰(zhàn)略性”的必需，而非trivial（微不足道的）、flexible（靈活的）或redundant（多余的）的必需。strategicnecessity意為“戰(zhàn)略上的必然要求”。故選A。3.B.ranging解析：rangefrom...to...是固定搭配，意為“范圍從……到……”。這里指城市農(nóng)業(yè)的形式多樣，從小型后院花園到廣闊的屋頂農(nóng)場(chǎng)不等。derivefrom源自；differfrom不同于；arisefrom產(chǎn)生于，均不接from...to...結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B。4.A.yields解析：將農(nóng)業(yè)融入城市結(jié)構(gòu)能“產(chǎn)生”許多益處。yield產(chǎn)生，得出；capture捕捉；submit提交；undergo經(jīng)歷。結(jié)合賓語(yǔ)benefits，yields最符合語(yǔ)義。故選A。5.A.cohesion解析：文章提到城市農(nóng)業(yè)解決糧食安全、環(huán)境退化問(wèn)題，并促進(jìn)社會(huì)“凝聚力”。socialcohesion意為“社會(huì)凝聚力”，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。eruption爆發(fā)；isolation孤立，均不符合文章積極的社會(huì)意義。故選A。6.A.entities解析：從歷史上看，城市和農(nóng)場(chǎng)是兩個(gè)截然不同的“實(shí)體”。entities實(shí)體；equivalents等價(jià)物；dimensions維度；attachments附件。entities在此指代獨(dú)立存在的客觀(guān)事物，最符合句意。故選A。7.A.triggered解析：20世紀(jì)的快速城市化“引發(fā)”了從農(nóng)村向城市的大規(guī)模遷移。trigger觸發(fā)，引起；terminate終止；discourage阻礙；stabilize穩(wěn)定。根據(jù)詞義和上下文邏輯，triggered為最佳選項(xiàng)。故選A。8.C.culminating解析：resultin導(dǎo)致；culminatein導(dǎo)致，終于（通常指達(dá)到一個(gè)最高點(diǎn)或最終狀態(tài)）；imposing強(qiáng)加；originating起源。此處指大規(guī)模遷移“最終導(dǎo)致”了糧食生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)的脫節(jié)。culminatingin語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)，體現(xiàn)歷史演變的結(jié)果。故選C。9.A.residing解析：如今，全球超過(guò)一半的人口“居住”在城市。reside居住；deposit沉積；commit犯罪，致力于；transfer轉(zhuǎn)移。residing最符合句意。故選A。10.A.urgent解析：隨著大量人口居住在城市，實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食生產(chǎn)本地化的需求變得前所未有地“緊迫”。urgent緊迫的；obsolete過(guò)時(shí)的；ambiguous模糊的；marginal邊緣的。urgent準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了這種需求的迫切性。故選A。11.A.commonly解析：這種減少運(yùn)輸距離的做法“通常”被稱(chēng)為“食物里程”。commonly通常地，普遍地；formally正式地；strictly嚴(yán)格地；rarely很少。commonlyknownas是常見(jiàn)搭配，表示“通常被稱(chēng)為”。故選A。12.B.diminishes解析：減少運(yùn)輸距離不僅能“減少”溫室氣體排放。diminish減少；boost促進(jìn)；escalate升級(jí)，增加；initiate發(fā)起。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，減少運(yùn)輸距離帶來(lái)的環(huán)境影響是正向的，即減少排放。故選B。13.C.freshly解析：減少運(yùn)輸距離還能確保農(nóng)產(chǎn)品“新鮮”送達(dá)消費(fèi)者手中。freshly新鮮地；prematurely過(guò)早地；efficiently高效地；artificially人工地。結(jié)合上下文談?wù)摰霓r(nóng)產(chǎn)品，freshly最符合語(yǔ)義邏輯。故選C。14.B.mitigating解析：城市農(nóng)業(yè)在“緩解”城市熱島效應(yīng)方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。mitigate緩解，減輕；aggravate惡化；generate產(chǎn)生；tolerate忍受。根據(jù)下文提到的降溫作用，這里應(yīng)為緩解熱島效應(yīng)。故選B。15.B.higher解析：城市熱島效應(yīng)是指城市中心的溫度比周?chē)r(nóng)村地區(qū)“更高”。higher更高；lower更低；stable穩(wěn)定的；varied多變的。根據(jù)熱島效應(yīng)的定義，此處選higher。故選B。16.B.absorptive解析：城市中心溫度更高是由于人類(lèi)活動(dòng)和“吸熱”表面（如柏油路和混凝土）。absorptive吸收的；reflective反射的；permeable透水的；transparent透明的。城市表面容易吸收熱量，故選B。17.C.evapotranspiration解析：植物通過(guò)一種叫做“蒸騰作用”的過(guò)程自然地冷卻空氣。respiration呼吸作用；photosynthesis光合作用；evapotranspiration蒸騰作用；decomposition分解作用。植物的降溫作用主要來(lái)自水分的蒸發(fā)散失，即蒸騰作用。故選C。18.C.reducing解析：綠色屋頂和城市花園是“減少”空調(diào)能源消耗的有效工具。reduce減少；increase增加；reallocate重新分配；measure測(cè)量。植物能降溫，因此能減少空調(diào)的使用能耗。故選C。19.A.expressed解析：代表這種冷卻效應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型可以由公式Q=20.B.bymeansof解析：通過(guò)“增加”植被覆蓋（即提高E），城市可以大幅降低環(huán)境溫度。bymeansof通過(guò)，借助于；inspiteof盡管；onaccountof由于；forthesakeof為了。此處表示通過(guò)某種手段達(dá)到目的。故選B。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA21.C.Regulatoryobstaclesandtechnologicalconstraints.解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Whiletheinitialadoptionoftelemedicinewassluggish,primarilyduetoregulatoryhurdlesandtechnologicallimitations...”可知，遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療初期應(yīng)用緩慢的主要原因是監(jiān)管障礙和技術(shù)限制。C項(xiàng)符合文意。A、B、D項(xiàng)在文中均未提及。22.B.thosewhocaneasilyaccessdigitalservicesandthosewhocannot解析：推斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句“Whileurbanpopulations...caneasilyaccesstheseservices,elderlypatientsandthoseinruralorlow-incomeareasoftenfindthemselvesmarginalized.”可知，數(shù)字鴻溝指的是那些能夠輕松獲取數(shù)字服務(wù)的人（城市居民、有數(shù)字素養(yǎng)的人）與無(wú)法獲取這些服務(wù)的人（老人、農(nóng)村或低收入地區(qū)人口）之間的差距。B項(xiàng)概括最準(zhǔn)確。23.A.Obtainingmedicallicensesacrossdifferentregions.解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Additionally,thequestionofmedicallicensingacrossstateornationalborderscomplicatesthedeliveryofcare...”可知，跨州或跨國(guó)行醫(yī)執(zhí)照的獲取是一個(gè)主要的法律挑戰(zhàn)。A項(xiàng)符合文意。B、C、D項(xiàng)均不屬于法律挑戰(zhàn)范疇。24.C.Byenablingreal-timemonitoringanddatatransmissionofvitalsigns.解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Patientscannowhavetheirheartrate,bloodoxygenlevels,andevenelectrocardiogramsmonitoredinreal-timeandtransmittedseamlesslytotheirhealthcareproviders.”可知，可穿戴設(shè)備等創(chuàng)新技術(shù)通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和傳輸生命體征數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)彌補(bǔ)虛擬護(hù)理的不足。C項(xiàng)符合文意。25.B.Optimisticbutrealistic.解析：態(tài)度題。文章最后一段提到