小學英語語法市公開課一等獎課件省賽課獲獎課件

《小學英語》語法1/51一、名詞（可數名詞和不可數名詞）二、人稱代詞三、冠詞四、動詞五、介詞六、數詞七、形容詞和副詞八、therebe構造九、句式1.肯定句2.否認句3.疑問句4.祈使句十、時態：1.一般目前時2.一般過去時3.目前進行時4.一般將來時十一、“wh”特殊疑問句2/51一、名詞名詞詳細名詞抽象名詞一般名詞專有名詞個體名詞集體名詞名詞可數名詞不可數名詞單數復數3/51英語語法中，名詞有兩種數形式：1）單數（表達一種人或事物）；2）復數（表達多于一種人或數）。只有可數名詞才有復數形式。名詞數：4/51名詞復數形式組成形式變化規則發音例詞一般情況+s1.清輔音結尾名詞后[s]2.濁輔音結尾名詞后[z]；3.元音結尾名詞后[z];books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z結尾名詞+es[iz]bus,brush,boxes,watch,大多數以-o結尾名詞+es[z]tomatoes,potatoes以元音字母加o結尾名詞+s[z]radios,pianos以輔音字母加y結尾名詞把y改成i再加es[z]stories,families,babies以f和fe結尾大多數名詞把f或fe改成v再加es[z]thieves,knives不規則名詞復數由元音字母變化組成：

man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名詞復數形式與單數形式同樣：

sheep,deer,fish(但也能夠是fishes)有些名詞變成復數時加-en:child-children,ox-oxen5/51Practisepeach_________ 2.zoo_________3.glass_________ 4.fox_______5.lady_________ 6.policewoman_________7.house___________ 8.photo_________9.monkey__________ 10.wife__________11.rose____________ 12.path__________13.judge___________ 14.map___________peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps6/51二、人稱代詞主格： I we you she he it they賓格： me us you her him itthem形容詞性物主代詞： my our your her his its their名詞性物主代詞：mine ours yours hers his its theirs第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱后跟名詞能夠在句子中獨立作主語、賓語或表語7/51Practise_______(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom__________(她).3.It’sallright;it’sonly_________(我).4.Today________(我們)wentin_________(我們)car;tomorrow________(我們)aregoingin_________(他們).5.________(我)lend_________(我)booksgladlyto_______(我)friendsandto________(你).6.Canyouhelp_________(我)with________(我)English.7.When________(你)gotosee_________(你)father,pleasetakethesebooksto________(他).8.________(他們)found_______(它)difficulttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit8/51所有格所有格形式單數人稱名詞末尾加’s child-child’s以-s結尾單數人稱名詞末尾加’s waitress-waitress’s不規則復數人稱名詞末尾加’s children-children’s以-s結尾復數人稱名詞末尾加’

girls-girls’以-s結尾某些人名末尾加’s James-James’s下列情況一般用“of”構造：東西(沒有現成復合名詞時):thebookofthefilm2.東西一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽象概念:thepriceofsuccess4.當of短語中名詞被另一種短語或從句修飾時：

Can’tyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?雙重

’s構造也能夠用于“of”構造之后，如：afriendofmyfather’s,出現這種情況是由于在一種名詞前一般只用一種限定詞，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。Isn’tFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTom’shastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.9/51冠詞不定冠詞a,an定冠詞the只能用于單數可數名詞之前單數可數名詞復數可數名詞不可數名詞零冠詞名詞前可不用冠詞10/51不定冠詞使用方法：表達“一”，“任何一種”或“不論哪一種”意思。

Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表達法中：

WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在單數表語名詞前，以表達職業、行業、宗教、等級等。

Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引導感慨句中，單數可數名詞前。

Whataprettygirl!5.某些常用短語中。

haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadache….11/51定冠詞使用方法：用來表達“獨一無二”意思。

Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表達“說話人剛才提到過人或事物”。

Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在背面跟有限定性介詞短語名詞前。

theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指樂器名詞前。

Heplaysthepiano.5.某些常用短語。

bytheway,inthemorning,What’sthematter?12/51零冠詞使用方法：泛指抽象名詞前。Lifeisveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指物質名詞前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指復數名詞前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多數專有名詞前。HecomesfromFrance.6.語言名詞前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季節和節日名詞前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.當名詞前已有某些代詞修飾時。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在體育項目標名詞前。playbasketball10.某些常用短語。athome,gotoschool,atnight13/511.Thereis_____notebookonmydesk.Iuse_____notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Wang'smotheris______Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_____primaryschool.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Chinahas_____populationof12hundredmillion._____Chinesepeopleare_____greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_____universityteacher.Sheis_____honestwoman.7.Noneof_____booksshouldbetakenoutof_____roomwithout_____permissionof_____librarian.8._____Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_____peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat____No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto____schoolby____buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_____studentof_____English.Shestudiesat_____college.11.______Mondaybefore_____SpringFestivalwasverycold.12.Haveyouhad______dinner?PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/////aaThe//14/51四、動詞

動詞主要表達動作，其次表達狀態或性質，有時態、語態、語調等形式變化。

小學階段所包括動詞主要有：實義動詞、be動詞、情態動詞can等。15/51Be動詞am,is,arewas,werebeen16/51Practise1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam17/51動詞基本形式原形第三人稱單數目前式過去式過去分詞目前分詞studystudiesstudiedstudiedstudyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning18/51第三人稱單數目前式情況變化規則例詞一般情況+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says結尾為s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes結尾為輔音字母+y變y為i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,cries

動詞be和have第三人稱單數目前式分別是is和has。19/51動詞過去式組成例詞讀音在動詞后加ed在以e結尾動詞后加ed在以輔音字母加y結尾動詞后，先變y為i再加ed在重讀閉音節或r音節結尾而末尾只有一種輔音字母時，須雙寫這個輔音字母再加ed在清輔音后讀[t]lookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和濁輔音后讀[d]stayedcalledlivedstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在輔音[t]、[d]后讀[id]tastedneededadmittedpermitted20/51目前分詞情況變化規則例詞一般情況+ingdoing,asking,helping以不發音e結尾動詞去e加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重讀閉音節結尾而末尾只有一種輔音字母動詞雙寫最后一種輔音字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sitting21/51原形第三人稱單數目前式過去式目前分詞have

givegetread

sweepplay

carry

hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise22/51五、動詞時態動詞時態是表達動作或狀態發生或存在時間和表達方式一種動詞形式。小學階段所學時態有：一般目前時：work/works2.目前進行時：am/is/areworking3.一般過去時：worked4.一般將來時：am/is/aregoingtowork23/51一般目前時一般表達經常發生或習慣性動作或目前狀態。常與時間副詞連用：always,often,usually,every…,onSundays,twiceaweek等。基本構造肯定句否認句一般疑問句Iwork.Wework.Idon’twork.Wedon’twork.DoIwork?Dowework?Youwork.Youdon’twork.Doyouwork?Theywork.Theydon’twork.Dotheywork?SheHeworks.ItSheHedoesn’twork.ItsheDoeshework?it24/51目前進行時一般表達說話時或現階段正在發生或進行著動作。它所示動作具有連續性、臨時性和未完成性。常見與目前進行時有關詞有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。基本構造肯定句否認句一般疑問句Iamworking.Weareworking.I’mnotworking.We’renotworking.AmIworking?Areweworking?Youareworking.Youaren’tworking.Areyouworking?Theyareworking.Theyaren’tworking.Aretheyworking?SheHeisworking.ItSheHeisn’tworking.ItsheIsheworking?it25/51一般過去時一般表達過去某一時間所發生動作或存在狀態，其中也包括習慣性動作。常與表達過去時間狀語連用：yesterday,last…,…ago,justnow,in1998等。基本構造肯定句否認句一般疑問句Iworked.Weworked.Ididn’twork.Wedidn’twork.DidIwork?Didwework?Youworked.Youdidn’twork.Didyouwork?Theyworked.Theydidn’twork.Didtheywork?SheHeworked.ItSheHedidn’twork.ItsheDidhework?it26/51一般將來時表達將來發生動作或情況。常與某些表達將來時間狀語連用：tomorrow,next…,Begoingtodo表達主體目前打算在近來或將來要做某事；也能夠表達“預見”，即目前已有跡象表白將要發生或即將發生某種情況。基本構造肯定句否認句一般疑問句I’mgoingtowork.We’regoingtowork.I’mnotgoingtowork.Wearen’tgoingtowork.AmIgoingtowork?Arewegoingtowork?You’regoingtowork.Youaren’tgoingtowork.Areyougoingtowork?They’regoingtowork.Theyaren’tgoingtowork.Aretheygoingtowork?SheHeisgoingtowork.ItSheHeisn’tgoingtowork.ItsheIshegoingtowork?it27/51Peter________(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe________(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat____________(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_______(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5.

_____you_______________(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She____________(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What______hisfatherusually_______(do)intheevening?8.They______________(have)ameetingnextweek,aren'tthey?9.BothheandI________(be)teachers.10.I___________(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_________(go)out.12.LeiFengoften____________(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we___________________(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother____________(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.PractiseplayssaidissleepingisAregoingtoseeisn’tplayingdoesdoaregoingtohavearedidn’tfeelwenthelpsaregoingtocleaniswaiting28/51六、介詞介詞在句子中表達名詞或代詞等與其他詞之間關系。不能單獨作句子成份，常位于名詞或代詞（或與之相稱其他詞類、短語、從句）前面組成介詞短語。介詞背面成份作介詞賓語。方位介詞in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between時間介詞in,on,at,after,before,from…to,past,between

其他of,by,with,into,outof,for,

29/51Practise1.Look_____thepicture.It'spicture___myschool.

2.Thereisaschoolbuilding____myschool.Ithasfivefloors.______theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.________school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.

3.Myclassroomis____thefifthfloor.It'sbigandclean.

4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes______schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes____bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises______us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard___her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_____thetree.6.–Where’syourstudy?–It’snext____mybedroom.7.Thecar_____thetreeisJack’s.8.Theballis________thedoor,soyoucan’tseeit.9._______________thehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!Someoneisknocking____thedoor.11.Thereissomethingwrong_____mycomputer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindInfrontofatwith30/51七、數詞表達數目標詞稱為基數詞表達數目次序詞稱為序數詞1—12基數詞：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve13—19基數詞：

thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen20—90基數詞：

twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety21—29基數：

twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven….-teen-ty十位數和個位數之間要加連字符號“-”31/512.百位數：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundred…fivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhundredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位數：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive百位數和十位數之間加and。

注意英語中沒有“萬”這個單位，因此常用thousand來表達。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two32/51英語序數詞第1-19除了first,second與third有特殊形式外，其他都由基數詞加后綴-th組成。

注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth拼法。2.十位數序數詞組成辦法是：先把十位數基數詞詞尾ty中y變為i，然后加后綴-eth,如：

twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth3.十位數序數詞假如具有1-9個位數時，十位數用基數詞，個位數用序數詞，中間用“-”連字符。如：

twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、萬等序數詞由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面加有關基數詞組成。如：

onehundredth,onethousandth

注意：序數詞前one不能用a替代。

onehundredandtwenty-first33/51Practise1.Thereare____daysinayear.

A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive

2.______peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.

A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof

3.Therearetwo_____peopleinthemeetingroom.

A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof

4.____treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.

A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof

5.Mybrotherisin____.

A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone

6.Wearegoingtolearn___thisterm.

A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecansaythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis____.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-five

CDAABDC34/518."Theyear1999"shouldberead"Theyear____".A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nineteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine

9.Hewillcomehere____tomorrowmorning.

A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth

10.Everydayhebeginstodohishomework___.

A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpassten

C.ontenpastseventhD.untilten11.Wealllikethe_____boy.

A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.attenoldD.ofageoften12.Thereare____monthsinayear.Decemberisthe____monthoftheyear.

A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth

13.During____century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.

A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty

14.Jennywasborn_______.

A.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987,July10D.on1987,July10

BBABBBA35/51八、形容詞和副詞形容詞是用來描寫或修飾名詞（或代詞）詞。副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞以及全句詞。Heisagood

student.2.Thefilmisvery

interesting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.Lucyisolder

thanHelen.Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.

方式副詞：carefully,quickly,suddenly…

2.地點副詞：here,there,up,down…3.時間副詞：yesterday,today,now…4.程度副詞：very,quite,much,just…36/51形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級情況比較級最高級一般情況+er,

如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,

如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以e結尾詞+r,如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：latest,nicest,largest以重讀閉音節結尾詞雙寫最后一種字母，再+er,如:bigger,fatter雙寫最后一種字母，再+est，如：biggest,fattest以輔音字母加y結尾詞把y改為i再+er,

如：busier,earlier把y改為i再+est,

如：busiest,earliest大部分多音節詞在前面加more,如：morecareful,morewonderfully在前面加most,如：mostcareful,mostwonderfully不規則詞：good/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further37/51比較級使用方法1.用來把彼此獨立事和人進行比較，表達“比……更……某些”意思，一般用一種由從屬連詞than引導狀語從句來表達和什么相比。為了避免反復，從句中有些成份能夠省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.2.假如我們要說兩個東西在某一方面是同樣，我們就能夠用“as+形容詞/副詞+as”,形容詞不用比較級而用原級。在作否認比較時，能夠用notas…as…,notso…as…,也能夠用less…than…，如：Jimmyisastallashisfather.Idon’twriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.38/51比較級使用方法3.為了表達連續不停變化，我們能夠用“雙重比較”辦法，這種構造背面不可跟than引導比較狀語從句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表達兩個變化是一起發生，能夠把比較級形式和the一起用，表達“越……，就越……”意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.

39/51Practise1.Shanghaiis________thanBeijing.Itis____________cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisn’tas______asMike.Tomis______thanMike.Whois________ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas______asBill,andsheismuch_______thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting________and_________.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John’scomputerismuch____________thanTom’sandmine.Itis_________________ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle__________todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch________thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_________,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)largerthelargestoldoldertheoldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermoreexpensivethemostexpensivewetterhealthierbest40/51Beijingersaretrue__________totheworld.(friend)2.Look!How__________Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.IthinkJulyis______thananyothermonthinourcountry.(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteacher_________inclass.(care)5.Theparkisoneofthe______________parksinBeijing.(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotas_______ashisbrother.(good)7.Iwas__________bythe_________sound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsounds____________.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Don’tmakesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe_________boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterday’sconcertwaswonderful.I’veneverheardsuchan_________onebefore.(excited,exciting)Practisefriendlyhappilyhottercarefullymostbeautifulwellfrightenedfrighteningbeautifulsleepingexciting41/51Therebe構造肯定句：Thereis/wasa…Thereare/were…一般疑問句:Is/Wasthere…?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisn’t/was.Arethere…?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearen’t/weren’t.否認句：Thereisn’t/wasn’t….Therearen’t/weren’t….Therebe表達“存在有”,即當我們告訴某人某事存在(或不存在)常用這種構造。其中there是引導詞,本身無詞義;be為謂語動詞,背面跟是名詞,也就是主語,也就是說therebe構造利用也就是倒裝詳細利用。其真正主語在therebe之后。42/51Therebe構造Some和any

一般情況下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否認句中。如：

Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearen’tanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?3.特殊疑問句：What’sinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.2.Be動詞與背面所跟名詞就近標準：

Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.43/51Practise1．There________

noteainthecup．

A．is

B．are

C．has

D．be2．There

________inthenextroom．

A．isTom

B．aresomeboysC．arethey

D．istheboy3．Thereissome

________

ontheplate．

A．apple

B．bread

C．banana

D．sandwich4．There________

somepaperandapenonthedesk．

A．is

B．are

C．have

D．has5．There'sgoingto________

intomorrow'snewspapers．

A．havesomethingnew

B．havenewsomething

C．besomethingnew

D．benewsomething6．Thereissomemilkinthebottle，________？

A．isn'tthere

B．aren'tthere

C．isn'tit

D．arethere7．________isthereonthetable？

A．Howmanyapples

B．Howmuchbread

C．Howmuchbreads

D．Howmanyfood8．Thereis________

oldwomaninthecar．

A．×

B．a

C．the

D．anABBACAAD44/519．There's________

orangetreebehind________

house．

A．an；the

B．a；a

C．the；the10．Thereis

_____mapintheclassroom．____mapisonthewall．

A．a；A

B．the；The

C．a；The

D．the；A11．Thereis____“f”and_____“u”intheword“four”．

A．an；a

B．a；a

C．an；an

D．a；an12．There______

notanywaterintheglass．

A．has

B．is

C．are13．There________

anappleandtenbananasinthebasket．Youcantakeanyofthem．

A．are

B．is

C．has

D．have14．________anyflowersonbothsidesofthestreet？

A．Isthere

B．Arethere

C．Has

D．Have15．Thereislittlewaterintheglass，________？

A．isn'tthereB．isn'tit

C．isit

D．isthere16．There________

somewaterinthebottle．

A．are

B．is

C．has

D．have17．Howmany

________arethereinyourclassroom？

A．desks

B．desk

C．chair

D．doorACABBBDBA45/51“Wh”疑問句What——1)What’sthis/that?2)What’syourname?3)Whatareyoudoing?