選修七第一單元語法：動詞不定式

Grammar

：TheInfinitive動詞不定式

Martysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.HaveALk

Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadaptto

mydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknow

whatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogoto

schoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.Myambitionistoworkforafirm

thatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecided

tobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式。由“to+動詞原形”構成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”

不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數的變化,但有時態和語態的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓補，但不能單獨作謂語。動詞不定式結構

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

時態與語態主動語態被動語態一般式進行式完成式完成進行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎/發生在它之后.)(在謂語動詞發生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進行)(完成式表示動作發生在謂語動作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進行式表示謂語動作發生之前,不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續)1.作主語2.作表語4.作賓語補足語3.作賓語5.作定語6.作狀語7.作插入語三、用法Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.1.主語單個不定式作主語時,謂語動詞用單數若不定式太長,往往用it作形式主語,不定式置后.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.isis2.表語Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.3賓語think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：want,agree,afford,attempt,choose,dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine,fail,

expect,get,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wish。Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.引導不定式作賓補的動詞：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等+sbtodosth4.賓補五看

watch

see

lookat

observe

notice(1.)使役動詞：三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一感覺:

feel(2.)感官動詞e.g.Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).注意(2)help后面的“to”可省去e.g.Theyoftenhelpthegrandma(to)carrywater.(1)在使役動詞

let,make,have和感官動詞feel;hear,listento;watch,see,notice,lookat,observe等

后面,不定式作賓語補足語時要省“to”（注:被動語態不能省to）(3)不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時,如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的任何一種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Youhavenochoicebuttogo.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep?Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.5.定語(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)請給我一支寫字的筆.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.(1)表示目的:toinordertosoasto6作狀語Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.Icameheretoseeyou.(2)

表示原因:

不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,right,wrong,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:I’mglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todo

Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.(3)結果狀語:注意:不定式往往表示與主觀愿望相反的結果。Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.7.插入語tobefrank,tobehonest,Tobeginwith,Totellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.類似的結構疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等與不定式連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.(賓語)他不知道說什么。Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)如何解決這個問題很重要。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語)我的問題是什么時候開始。

四、疑問詞+不定式注意：(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現過,下文要省略該動詞.A:—Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:—I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結構,be不可省.A:—Wouldyouliketobeateacher?B:—I’dliketobe.exerciseMyteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentenceneeds____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.beingBDC4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.____lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.HavingsleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Tosleep6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffBDC7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudyBA9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforus___theworkaheadoftime.tobefinishedB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.t