高一英語暑假預(yù)習(xí)：非謂語動(dòng)詞（人教）學(xué)生版

非謂語動(dòng)詞（初高考點(diǎn)差異及銜接）

慳［課程要求

初中學(xué)到的非謂語動(dòng)詞，通常充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語或者賓語補(bǔ)足語的成分。因此

初中要求

更多的是記憶一些固定搭配。

掌握非謂語動(dòng)詞的作用和形式。主要掌握作賓語時(shí)用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞；作

賓語、狀語、補(bǔ)語時(shí)用不定式還是分詞；它們作某一成分時(shí)的特姝情況及特

高中要求

殊結(jié)構(gòu)。在形式方面，主要考查用?般式還是用完成式、主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式、

現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。

中基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

【初中非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)聚焦】

考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式的用法

11hope(find)agoodjobinaforeigncompanyafterIgraduatefromhigh

school.

2Hefoundithard(catchupwith)hisclassmates.

3Fatherasksme(notplay)computergamesbeforefinishingmyhomework.

4A11thechildrenlikeMr.Whiteverymuchbecauseheoftenmakesthem

(laugh).

5Lethim(have)arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.

6Wehavetworooms(live)in,butIcan'tdecidewhichone

(choose).

7.1wassurprisedbytheamazingviewsandopenedthewindow(take)photos.

8.ThenIhadtogotothecountryanddosome“tests”(see)ifIcould“survive(挺

過來)“indifferentsituations.

考點(diǎn)二分詞的用法

1-BobspeaksChinesequitewell.

一Sohedoes.Hepractices(speak)Chineseeveryday.

2Before2024wewillfinish(build)theschool.

3Shesaidshedidn'tfeellike(go)outwithyou.

4Theboy(stand)intheteacher'sofficewasfoundsmokingyesterday.

5.1mustslop.我必須戒煙了o

6.AmonthlaterIwenttoSpain.ASpanishteacher(call)Paulacameandbegan

thetest.

7.Themanagerofthestoresaystheenvironmentcanhelppeopleleamtodo“soul（靈魂）reading*

by（provide）aprivateexperiencewitheachbookthatdrawsone'sattention.

8.Hespentover10years（旅行）widelyinChinaandtryingtounderstandits

people.

9.ForJapanese,eatingoutwastheirfavouriteactivityintheirfreetime.Andtheyalsolike

（駕駛）around.

10.1droppedsomebreadandsoonitbegan（吃）.

【高中非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)聚焦】

非主動(dòng)修式

謂動(dòng)詞不定式

語

動(dòng)分類動(dòng)詞-ing形式

被動(dòng)形式

詞

過去分詞

過去

時(shí)間/現(xiàn)在

如何判定

動(dòng)其關(guān)系薪

主謂關(guān)系-V

Q考綱解讀

近幾年高考主要考杳非謂語動(dòng)詞的作用和形式。在作用方面，主要考查作賓語時(shí)用不定

式還是動(dòng)名詞；作賓語、狀語、補(bǔ)語時(shí)用不定式還是分詞；它們作某一成分時(shí)的特殊情況及

特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。在形式方面，主要考查用一般式還是用完成式、主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式、現(xiàn)在分詞還

是過去分詞C

考點(diǎn)清單一

考點(diǎn)1非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語

1.不定式作狀語

⑴原因狀語多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后。

⑵FI的狀語可與soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首。

⑶結(jié)果狀語常表示意想不到的結(jié)果，常用onlytodoo

*1wassatisfiedtohearthenews.（原因狀語）

*Tocatchthefirstbus.hegotupveryearly.（Fl的狀語）

*1rushedtoschoolonlytofindnobodywasthere.（結(jié)果狀語）

【點(diǎn)津】熟記不定式表結(jié)果的固定結(jié)構(gòu)：

only/just...to...;too...to...;so/such...asto...;...enaugh（forsb.）to...

2.分詞作狀語

（l）y.-ing形式：作狀語，用來表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等。所表示的動(dòng)作

與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。

（2）v.-cd形式:

a.作狀語，用來表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨等。所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成

邏楫上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

b.源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過去分詞作狀語，表示句子主語所處的一種狀態(tài)。不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，

其前不用being,常見的有:seated（坐著的），hiddcn（隱藏的）,devoted（專注的），

surprised/frightened/puzzledat/by（驚奇于/害怕于/困惑于），lost/absorbedin（沉溺于），born

in（H[身于）.dressedin（穿著）,tiredof（厭煩）,facedwith（面臨）等。

*Notknowingwhattodo,Ihadtowaithere.

*Givenmoreattention,diechildrencouldhavegrownbelter.

*Absorbedinreading,wealldidn'thearthesound.

*Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.

【點(diǎn)津】①把握分詞與句子主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞；②不定式作

結(jié)果狀語為主觀上意想不到的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語為客觀上順其自然而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果；

③準(zhǔn)確理解形容詞化的過去分詞作狀語的用法；④動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式havingdone表示

分詞的動(dòng)作和句子主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同時(shí)分詞動(dòng)作先于句子謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。

3.有些分詞或不定式短語作狀語，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響。常見的

有：

generallyspeaking一般來說;franklyspeaking坦白地說;judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)來判斷;

considering...考慮到...;taking...intoconsideration考慮到;totellyouthetruth說

實(shí)話:comparedto/with與相比較:tobeginwith首先：seeing...鑒于/由于;

supposing假設(shè)，如果；assuming假使；given考慮到，鑒于；provided/providing

（that...）如果；concerning關(guān)于

4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

⑴獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在；

②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短

語等是邏輯上的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系；③獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與句子分開。

（2）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：

名詞/代詞+不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語。

*Muchworktodo（=Becausehehasmuchworktodo）,hecan'tgotothecinemanow.

*Weatherpermitting（=Ifweatherpermits）,thepartywillbeheldinthegarden.

*A11theworkfinished（=Sincealltheworkwasfinished）,hewentbackhomehappily.

*Hesatinthefrontrow,hismouthhalfopen.

*Thelampon,hefellasleep.

*Theteachercamein,bookinhand.

經(jīng)典例題

(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmart

phones.

解題關(guān)鍵：根據(jù)語境可知比處是目的狀語，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式。

答案判定:Toenjoy

I.(study)volcanoesformanyyears,Iamstillamazedattheirbeautyaswellas

theirpotentialtocausegreatdamage.

2.Nervously(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimple

words“Beyourself'.

3.Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,(reflect)man'sintelligenceand

creativity.

4.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether(share)

ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.

5.(give)therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrow

intointernationalstars.

6.Allofusweresurprised(see)astrangerwalkin.

考點(diǎn)2非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語

結(jié)構(gòu)形式功能

一般式doing表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的行為或者正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中

動(dòng)詞

一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)being

-ing形式表示動(dòng)年是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中

done

表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)完成的行為或者單純表示已經(jīng)

過去分詞done

完成

動(dòng)詞不定式todo表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)tobedone表示將要被做的動(dòng)作

*Thatcanbealotmoreefficientthanpagesexplainingthedata.

*Thcproblemdiscussedatlastmeetingwasofgreatimponance.

*Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.

*Theproblemtobediscusseda((henextmeetingisofgreatimportance.

【點(diǎn)津】①準(zhǔn)確判定非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；②準(zhǔn)確判定

非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。

經(jīng)典例題

Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

解題關(guān)鍵：根據(jù)語境可知，此處為后置定語，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容,call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)

用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

答案判定:saying

褐輕松訓(xùn)練

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem(call)caffeinism.

2.Doyouhavetheability(read)andwriteinEnglish?

3.EarthDay,(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawareness

aboutenvironmentalprotection.

4.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially(design)tohelpthem

succeedacademicallyandpersonally.

5.Whatwillyoudoifthepeople(sit)atthebackofthehallhavetroublehearir.gthe

speech?

考點(diǎn)3非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語

I.“五看二聽一感覺”的感官動(dòng)詞和短語(see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,

listento,feel等)后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語常見的有三種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主

動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中to還原)，doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，done表被動(dòng)或完成。

*Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.

2.熱點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find等后接非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作補(bǔ)足語。

*1decidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoread

oftcncr.

3.固定短語，^0advisc/allow/cncourage/rcqucst/warnsb.todosth.等。

*OurEnglishteacheradvisesustopractisespeakingmoreafterclass.

4.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式：

*Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhisworkfinished,hegladlyacceptedit.

*Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewlyelectedpresidentishavingahardtime.

*Withthelittleboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyfindingthevillage.

電經(jīng)典例題

China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries(recognize)itsrolein

internationalaffairs.

解題關(guān)鍵：根據(jù)語境可知，此處為“with+名詞+補(bǔ)語”結(jié)構(gòu)，且morecountries和recognize

之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語。

答案判定：recognizing

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.1needanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph(take).

2.Withthehomework(do),thestudentscangotohaveapicnic.

3.InthedreamPetersawhimself(chase)byafiercewolf,andhewokesuddenly

withastart.

4.Theentranceexaminationisdrawingnear,makingus(trap)inplentyof

exercises.

5.InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeet(point)atanotherperson.

考點(diǎn)4非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語

非謂語動(dòng)詞中能作賓語的行動(dòng)名詞和不定式：

1.只能跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞和短語：suggest,imagine,include,mind,admit,

practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keepon,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,

excuse,finish,miss,insiston,lookforwardto,feellike,getdownto,objectto

*1admitbreakingthewindow.

*It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?

2.只能跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞和短語：wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,

manage,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。

*IfIfailtoappearby7o'clock,Iwillnotbecomingatall.

3.既可跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式又可跟不定式的動(dòng)詞和短語：remember,forget,regret,stop,

goon,need,start,begin,try等。

*Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.

*1rememberreadingabouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.

4.it作形式賓語，代替真正作賓語的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。

*1thinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.

經(jīng)典例題

Butsomestudentsdidn'twant(wear)theuniform.

解題關(guān)鍵：根據(jù)語境可知，此處為“wantt。dosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用不定式作want的賓語。

答案判定：towear

礴輕松訓(xùn)練

I.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

1.A90-ycar-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear"for(be)Britain'soldest

full-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.

2.Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme(stay)andwatch.

3.1stillremember(visit)afriendwho'dlivedherefbrfiveyears.

n.單句改錯(cuò)

4.Aboveall,Ihavelearnedthatsmileisthekeytosolveanyproblem.

5.Ontheotherhand,wecanusethewaterwejustusedtowateringplants.

6.1showedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.

考點(diǎn)5非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語或其他

1.非謂語動(dòng)詞中能作主語的有動(dòng)詞-ing形式和不定式。

⑴動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不定式作主語表示具體的、一

次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。

(2)it作形式主語，代替真正作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。常見句型有：

Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.;

Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.;

Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.;

Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.;

It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.;

Itisimportant/necessary/impossibletodosth.等。

【點(diǎn)津】在語篇中，注意所填空前是否有ii,并進(jìn)一步判定是不是形式主語或形式賓語it,

從而快速判定所填空是否要用todo或doing的相應(yīng)形式。

2.非謂語動(dòng)詞中能作表語的有動(dòng)詞-ing形式、動(dòng)詞-ed形式和不定式。注意動(dòng)詞-ing形式作

表語意為“令人感到……的"，而動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語意為“本身感到……的

*Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.

3.固定句式do/have/其他動(dòng)詞+s1h.+but(to)dosth.中的不定式用法。此結(jié)構(gòu)要遵循前有

實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,but后則無to,反之則有to的原則。

*Hedidnothingbutsavethechildwithouthesitation.

*Shehadnochoicebuttocryinfaceofthedifficulty.

4.非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

⑴在need,want,require,deserve,bear等動(dòng)詞以及worth等形容詞的后面，動(dòng)訶-ing

形式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。

*Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.

這房子需要修理。

(2)在某些“主語(人/物)+be+形容詞+不定式”中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容

詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

*Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這道題很難計(jì)算出c

經(jīng)典例題

(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedfbrthefiiture.

解題關(guān)鍵：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少主語成分，故用動(dòng)名詞作主語。

答案判定：Learning

一.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

I.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongit

wouldtake

______________(gel)there.

2.Nowmydrcamis(open)acafe.

3.(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

二.單句語法填空

1.(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

2.Heglancedoverather,(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedvery

wellputtogether.

3.Themanager,(make)itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthe

meetingroom.

4.Hegotwell-preparedfbrthejobinterview,fbrhecouldn'trisk(lose)thegood

opportunity.

5.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit(explain)often

enough.

6.Wehavebeenawayforalongtime,asyouknow,soourroomneeds

(clean).

7.Therearchundredsofvisitors(wait)infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealook

atVanGogh'spaintings.

8.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.

9.When(compare)differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothe

differenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.

10.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone

(blame).

11.Fivepeoplewonthe“China'sGreenFigure“award,atitle(give)toordinary

peoplefortheircontributionstoenvironmentalprotection.

三.單句改錯(cuò)

1.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandotherorganizationsareworkingimprovehealthalloverthe

world.

2.Getuplatenotonlyaffectsyourstudiesbutalsoisabadhabit.

3.OverI,000patientssufferedfromeyeproblemshavereceivedmedicaltreatment.

4.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedonbeingsendingwherehewasmostneeded.

5.Timepermitted.I'llgooveralltheselessonsbeforetheexam.

6.Idrcamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysandgirls.

7.Althoughheisstubborn,heisnotdifficulttogetalong.

8.Inthedistance,someIcvelychildrenwereseenrideonthebacksofthecows.

9.Theydon'thavetheabili:ytellrightfromwrong.

10.1foundthearticledifficulttoberead.

四.語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入I個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1.(kccp)adiaryinEnglishisoneoftheeffectivewaystoimproveourEnglish

writingability.

2.(comparc)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakeslesstime.It

canhelpus3.(develop)thehabitofthinkinginEnglish.4.wepersist

inthispractice,graduallywe'lllearnhowtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.Inkeepingadiary

inEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmany5.(difficult).Inthefirstplace,it

oftenhappensthatwchavetrouble6.(find)appropriatcwordsandphrasestogive

expressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.

Anditisextremelyhardforus7.(put)themintoEnglishproperly.

AsfarasI8.(concern),mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshavea

notebookandaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.Wheneversomethingbea:sus,

wecanfirstputitdowninournotebookandthenconsultourdictionary.Wecanalsoturntoour

Englishteacherforhelpifnecessary.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis9.greatuseto

keepadiaryinEnglishfor10.developmentofourwritingskills.

五.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

Astudy1.(publish)inSeptembersuggeststhereisa2.(surprise)wayto

getpeople3.(avoid)unhealthyfoods;changetheirmemories.ScientistElizabethLoftus

oftheUniversityofCaliforniaatIrvineaskedvolunteers4.(answer)somequestionson

theirpersonalitiesandfoodexperiences.t4Oneweeklaler“Loitussays,"5.(feed)the

people,wetoldthemtotypetheiranswersintooursmartcomputeranditcameupwithanaccount

oftheirearlychildhoodcxpcricnccs.^^Someaccountsincludedonekeyadditionaldetail.

6.(tell)thattheyhadgotsickafter7.(eat)strawberryice-cream,the

researchersthenchangedthisdetailintoamanufactured(人為促成的)memorythrough

8.(lead)questions—Whowereyouwith?Howdidyoufeel?Bytheendofthestudy,

upto41%ofthose9.(give)afalsememorybelievedstrawberryice-crcamoncemade

themsick,andmanysaidtliey'davoid10.(eat)it.

，一

八

Nowadays,moreandmoreChineseareawareoffoodwasteissues.Evenyoungpeopletend

]_(take)hometheirleftoverswhen2(dine)out,mostofwhomwouldpackthedishina

doggiebagiftheleftoversarestillingoodshapeand(herearealsoalotleft,accordingtothe

survey3(conduct)byChinaYouthDaily.Thepeople4(bear)inthe1980sor1990s

believethat5(save)foodisaviitue.

Youngpeoplealsogavetheiropinionsonhow6(help)reducefoodwaste.Some

advisedrestaurants7(offer)theservingchopsticks,whichwouldbehelpfulforcustomers

8_(pack)(heleftovers.Otherssaiditmightbeuseful(opromotesmallerorhalf-portiondishes.

Anothergoodsuggestionisthatcateringbusinessesgiveawaycoupons(優(yōu)惠券)tocustomers

whocleartheirplatesatdinner.

Chinalaunchedacampaignagainstfoodwastein2013andrenewedthecallearlythisyear

9_(create)anincreasinglyprosperoussociety.Wecanallplayapartin1()(reach)the

nationalfoodwastereductiongoal—toreducefoodwasteby50%inthenext10ycars.

七

Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodway_[

(test)whetherhismenwerereliable.

Oneday.hehadahugerock2(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehidhimself

nearbyandwatchedcarefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Somewealthy

businessmenandhighofficialscameby,buttheysimplyv/alked