新疆阿克蘇2026年上半年全國英語等級考試（PETS）復習試題及答案高分策略(全新版)第五級

新疆阿克蘇2026年上半年全國英語等級考試（PETS）復習試題及答案高分策略(全新版)第五級SectionIListeningComprehensionPartADirections:Youwillhearatalkabouttheimpactofclimatechangeonagriculturalecosystemsinaridregions.Asyoulisten,fillinthemissinginformationintheblanksbelow.Youwillhearthetalktwice.Younowhave30secondstoreadthefollowingquestions.1.Thespeakermentionsthataridregionscoverapproximately________percentoftheEarth'slandsurface.2.InXinjiang,theprimaryagriculturalchallengeisthescarcityof________resources.3.Accordingtothelecture,therisingtemperaturehasledtoanincreasedfrequencyof________intheregion.4.Farmersareencouragedtoadopt________agriculturetooptimizewaterusage.5.Thestudyshowedthatcropyieldscoulddropbyupto________percentby2050ifnoactionistaken.6.Anewstrainofdrought-resistant________hasbeensuccessfullycultivatedintheAksuarea.7.Thespeakeremphasizesthattechnologicalinnovationmustbepairedwith________changes.8.Thegovernmenthasallocatedafundof________milliondollarstosupportagriculturalresearch.9.Oneofthenegativeconsequencesofexcessiveirrigationissoil________.10.Theoveralltoneofthespeakertowardsthefutureofagricultureinaridregionsiscautiously________.PartBDirections:Youwillheartwointerviews.Asyoulisten,choosethebestanswerfromA,B,C,orDforeachquestion.Youwillheareachinterviewtwice.Interview1:Aninterviewwithalinguisticsprofessoraboutendangeredlanguages11.WhatisthemainfocusofProfessorLin’srecentresearch?A.ThesyntaxofIndo-Europeanlanguages.B.Thepreservationofindigenousdialectsinmountainousareas.C.Thecognitivebenefitsofbilingualism.D.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.12.AccordingtoProfessorLin,whydomanyindigenouslanguagesdisappear?A.Becausetheylackawrittenform.B.Duetothedominanceofgloballanguagesandeconomicpressures.C.Becauseyoungergenerationsfindthemtoodifficulttolearn.D.Becausegovernmentsbantheiruseinpublicschools.13.Whatroledoestechnologyplayinlanguagepreservation,accordingtotheinterview?A.Itacceleratestheextinctionprocess.B.Ithasnosignificantimpactonspokenlanguages.C.Ithelpsdocumentandteachlanguagesthroughdigitalarchives.D.Itonlyhelpstranslateancienttexts.14.HowdoesProfessorLinsuggestcommunitiescankeeptheirlanguagesalive?A.Byisolatingthemselvesfrommodernsociety.B.Bymakingthelanguageamandatorysubjectinprimaryschools.C.Byintegratingthelanguageintodailytechnologicaluse,likesocialmedia.D.Bypayingnativespeakerstoteachatuniversities.15.Whatistheprofessor'sopinionontheconceptofa"universallanguage"?A.Itisautopianideathatdisregardsculturaldiversity.B.Itisessentialforglobaleconomicgrowth.C.Itwillnaturallyevolvewithinthenextcentury.D.ItisalreadyestablishedthroughthewidespreaduseofEnglish.Interview2:Aconversationwithasoftwareengineeraboutartificialintelligenceinhealthcare16.WhatistheprimaryapplicationoftheAIsystemdiscussedintheinterview?A.Performingcomplexsurgicalprocedures.B.Managinghospitaladministrativerecords.C.Assistingintheearlydetectionofcardiovasculardiseases.D.Developingnewpharmaceuticaldrugs.17.HowdoestheAIsystemanalyzeapatient'scondition?A.Byconductingphysicalexaminationsviaroboticarms.B.Byevaluatinggeneticmarkersandhistoricalhealthdata.C.Byinterviewingthepatientthroughachatbotinterface.D.Bymonitoringreal-timebrainwaveactivity.18.WhatwasthemajorchallengeduringthedevelopmentofthisAIsystem?A.Lackoffundingfrommedicalinstitutions.B.Theresistancefromseniormedicalprofessionals.C.Ensuringtheprivacyandsecurityofpatientdata.D.Thehighcostofcomputingpower.19.WhatdoestheengineersuggestisthefuturerelationshipbetweenAIanddoctors?A.AIwilleventuallyreplacegeneralpractitioners.B.AIwillserveasanaugmentedtool,leavingthefinaldecisiontodoctors.C.AIwillonlybeusedinruralareaswheredoctorsarescarce.D.AIwilltakeoveralladministrativetasks,allowingdoctorstofocussolelyonresearch.20.Accordingtotheinterview,whatisapotentialethicalconcernregardingAIinhealthcare?A.Thepotentialforalgorithmicbiasleadingtounequaltreatment.B.ThehighcostofAItreatmentsmakingtheminaccessibletothepoor.C.Thelossofthe"humantouch"inpatientcare.D.ThepossibilityofAIsystemsmakingautonomouslethaldecisions.PartCDirections:Youwillhearthreeshorttalks.Beforeyoulistentoeachtalk,youwillhave15secondstoreadthequestions.Youwillheareachtalktwice.Talk1:Aguideonsustainableurbanplanning21.Whatisthecorephilosophyofthe"15-minutecity"concept?A.Everycitizenshouldbeabletoreachahospitalwithin15minutes.B.Essentialservicesandamenitiesshouldbeaccessiblewithina15-minutewalkorbikeride.C.Trafficcongestionshouldbereducedtoensure15-minutecommutetimesbycar.D.Citydistrictsshouldbenomorethan15minutesapartbypublictransit.22.Howdoesthespeakersuggestcitiescanreducetheircarbonfootprint?A.Bybuildingmoreskyscraperstoconcentratepopulations.B.Bytransitioningentirelytoelectricpublictransportation.C.Byreducingtheneedfordailylong-distancecommuting.D.Byinstallingsolarpanelsonallresidentialbuildings.23.Whatisacommoncriticismofthe15-minutecitymodelmentionedinthetalk?A.Itistooexpensivetoimplementindevelopingnations.B.Itmayleadtothegentrificationofcitycenters,pushingoutlower-incomeresidents.C.Itreducestheoveralleconomicproductivityofacity.D.Itisincompatiblewithexistinghistoricalcitylayouts.Talk2:Alectureonthepsychologyofdecision-making24.Whatdoestheterm"analysisparalysis"refertointhelecture?A.Theinabilitytomakeadecisionwhenoverthinkingandfacedwithtoomuchinformation.B.Amedicalconditionaffectingthenervoussystemduringstressfulsituations.C.Thetendencytomakeimpulsivedecisionswhenunderextremetimepressure.D.Therefusaltoacceptresponsibilityforafaileddecision-makingprocess.25.Accordingtothespeaker,howdo"satisficers"differfrom"maximizers"?A.Satisficersalwayschoosethecheapestoption,whilemaximizerschoosethemostexpensive.B.Satisficerslookforoptionsthatmeettheircriteria,whilemaximizersseektheabsolutebestoption.C.Satisficersmakedecisionsemotionally,whilemaximizersmakethemlogically.D.Satisficersrelyonadvicefromothers,whilemaximizersrelysolelyontheirownresearch.26.Whatstrategydoesthespeakerrecommendtoavoidanalysisparalysis?A.Alwaysdelegatedifficultdecisionstoasuperior.B.Limittheamountofinformationgatheredandsetstrictdeadlines.C.Flipacoinwhenfacedwithtwoequallygoodoptions.D.Avoidmakingdecisionsuntilabsolutelyforcedtodoso.Talk3:Anoverviewofdeep-seaexploration27.Whyistheexplorationofthedeepoceanconsideredmoredifficultthanspaceexploration?A.Becauseoftheextremelackoflightandfreezingtemperatures.B.Becausetheimmensepressureatextremedepthscrushesmostequipment.C.Becausethereisalackoffundingformarineresearchcomparedtospaceagencies.D.Becausedeep-seacurrentsmakeitimpossibletostabilizesubmersibles.28.Whatrecenttechnologicaladvancementhasimproveddeep-seamapping?A.Theuseofsatelliteimagerywithinfraredsensors.B.Thedeploymentofautonomousunderwatervehicles(AUVs)withsonar.C.Theinventionofpressure-resistantglassformannedsubmersibles.D.Theuseofdeep-seadrillingrigstocollectcoresamples.29.Whatwasthesignificantbiologicaldiscoverymentionedinthelecture?A.Thefindingofanewspeciesofbioluminescentjellyfish.B.Thediscoveryofhydrothermalventecosystemsthrivingwithoutsunlight.C.Theidentificationofancientsharkteethdatingbackmillionsofyears.D.Themappingofcoralreefsdeeperthan1000meters.30.Whatisthespeaker'smainargumentregardingdeep-seaexploration?A.Itisawasteofresourcesthatshouldberedirectedtoclimatechange.B.ItiscrucialforunderstandingtheEarth'scarboncycleandbiodiversity.C.Itholdsthekeytofindingalternativeenergysourcesforthefuture.D.Itwilleventuallyrevealtheoriginsofhumanlife.SectionIIUseofEnglishPartA:ClozeTestDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordfromA,B,C,orDforeachnumberedblank.Theconceptofemotionalintelligence(EI)hasgainedimmensetractioninbothacademiccirclesandcorporateenvironments.Unliketheintelligencequotient(IQ),whichprimarilymeasurescognitiveabilities,EIpertainstoanindividual'scapacitytorecognize,understand,manage,andreasonwithemotions.ThepioneeringworkofpsychologistsJohnMayerandPeterSaloveyintheearly1990s31thestageforthisparadigmshift.Theypositedthatemotionalintelligenceisnotmerelya32traitbutasetofskillsthatcanbesystematicallydeveloped.SubsequentresearchbyDanielGolemanpopularizedtheconcept,arguingthatEIisoftenamoreaccurate33ofprofessionalsuccessthantraditionalcognitivemetrics.AccordingtoGoleman’smodel,EIcomprisesfourcore34:self-awareness,self-management,socialawareness,andrelationshipmanagement.Self-awarenessinvolvesaprofound35ofone’sownemotionalstates.Individualshighinself-awarenessare36totheirinternaldialogues,recognizinghowtheirfeelingsinfluencetheirthoughtsandbehaviors.Thisinternal37actsasafoundationalpillarfortheotherthreedomains.Self-management,thesecond38,referstotheabilitytoregulateimpulsivebehaviorsandadapttochangingcircumstances.Itisnotabout39emotionsentirely,butratheraboutexpressingthemappropriately.Forinstance,amanagerfacingasuddencrisismightfeelintenseanxiety;however,througheffectiveself-management,theycan40thisemotion,projectingacalmanddecisivedemeanortotheirteam.Socialawarenessexpandsthefocusoutward,41theemotionsofothers.Thisincludesempathy—theabilityto42oneselfinanother’spositionandunderstandtheirperspective.Empathyiscrucialinmulticulturalenvironmentswherenon-verbal43andculturalcontextsheavilyinfluencecommunication.Finally,relationshipmanagementistheculminationofthepreviousthreedomains.Itinvolvesusingemotionalawarenesstoguideinteractions,resolve44,andinspireothers.Inthecontemporaryworkplace,whereteamworkandcollaborationare45,thesignificanceofEIcannotbeoverstated.Organizationsareincreasingly46emotionalintelligenceassessmentsintotheirhiringprocesses.TheyrecognizethatanemployeewithhighEIislesslikelytoexperienceburnoutandismore47toconstructivefeedback.Furthermore,leaderswithhighEItendto48amoreinclusiveandinnovativeorganizationalculture.Theyachievethisnotbydictatingterms,butby49thelatentpotentialwithintheirteammembers.Despiteitswidespreadacceptance,the50ofEIisnotwithoutcontroversy.Somecriticsarguethatthemetricsusedtomeasureemotionalintelligencearehighlysubjectiveand51toself-reportingbias.Theyquestionwhetheraconceptso52canbeaccuratelyquantified.OthersworrythatanoveremphasisonEImightleadtothe53oftechnicalskillsandhardexpertise.Balancingcognitivebrilliancewithemotionalmaturityremainstheultimatechallenge.Theongoingdiscoursesuggeststhatratherthan54themasmutuallyexclusive,societymustviewIQandEIas55forcesthat,whenharmonized,leadtooptimalhumanperformance.31.A.providedB.setC.laidD.created32.A.staticB.dynamicC.fluctuatingD.variable33.A.predictorB.indicatorC.manifestationD.revelation34.A.elementsB.componentsC.dimensionsD.constituents35.A.realizationB.comprehensionC.graspD.understanding36.A.attentiveB.responsiveC.sensitiveD.reactive37.A.reflectionB.introspectionC.observationD.meditation38.A.domainB.areaC.fieldD.sector39.A.suppressingB.concealingC.eradicatingD.mitigating40.A.channelB.suppressC.disguiseD.project41.A.perceivingB.discerningC.identifyingD.detecting42.A.putB.placeC.positionD.situate43.A.signalsB.cuesC.signsD.hints44.A.disputesB.conflictsC.clashesD.arguments45.A.prevailingB.dominantC.paramountD.predominant46.A.fusingB.integratingC.incorporatingD.assimilating47.A.openB.receptiveC.responsiveD.amenable48.A.fosterB.nurtureC.cultivateD.promote49.A.unlockingB.unleashingC.releasingD.liberating50.A.premiseB.constructC.theoryD.hypothesis51.A.vulnerableB.proneC.susceptibleD.liable52.A.intangibleB.abstractC.elusiveD.ambiguous53.A.neglectB.omissionC.oversightD.disregard54.A.treatingB.consideringC.viewingD.regarding55.A.complementaryB.supplementaryC.synergisticD.correlativeSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartA:MultipleChoiceDirections:Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1Theadventofquantumcomputingmarksaprofoundparadigmshiftinthelandscapeofcomputationalscience.Unlikeclassicalcomputers,whichutilizebitsasthefundamentalunitofinformation—representingeithera0ora1—quantumcomputersemployquantumbits,orqubits.Qubitsleveragetheprinciplesofquantumsuperpositionandentanglement,allowingthemtoexistinmultiplestatessimultaneously.Thisinherentparallelismgrantsquantumcomputersthetheoreticalcapacitytosolvecomplexproblemsthatwouldtakeclassicalsupercomputersmillenniatoprocess.Oneofthemostpromisingapplicationsofquantumcomputingliesintherealmofcryptography.Contemporaryencryptionstandards,suchastheRSAalgorithm,relyonthecomputationaldifficultyoffactoringlargeprimenumbers.Whileclassicalcomputersstrugglewiththistask,asufficientlypowerfulquantumcomputer,utilizingShor’salgorithm,couldtheoreticallybreaktheseencryptionsinamatterofhours.Thisloomingthreathaspromptedaglobalracetowards"post-quantumcryptography,"whereresearchersaredevelopingnewmathematicalalgorithmsthatevenquantumcomputerscannoteasilycrack.However,therealizationofpractical,large-scalequantumcomputingishinderedbysignificantphysicalobstacles.Qubitsarehighlysensitivetotheirenvironment;evenminutefluctuationsintemperatureorelectromagneticfieldscancause"decoherence,"aphenomenonwherequbitslosetheirquantumstate,leadingtocomputationalerrors.Tomitigatethis,quantumprocessorsmustbecooledtonearabsolutezero,makingthemexpensiveanddifficulttomaintain.Furthermore,currentquantumsystemssufferfromhigherrorrates,necessitatingthedevelopmentofcomplexquantumerrorcorrectioncodes,whichrequireamassiveoverheadofadditionalqubits.Despitethesechallenges,thepotentialbenefitsextendfarbeyondcryptography.Inmaterialsscience,quantumsimulationscouldleadtothediscoveryofnewsuperconductorsormoreefficientbatterymaterials.Inthepharmaceuticalindustry,quantumcomputerscouldmodelcomplexmolecularinteractions,drasticallyreducingthetimeandcostassociatedwithdrugdiscovery.Theeconomicimplicationoftheseadvancementsisstaggering.Thefinancialcostofdevelopingthistechnologyismathematicallyrepresentedbythecumulativeinvestmentfunction:C(t)=∈(R(56.Accordingtothetext,whatistheprimarydifferencebetweenclassicalbitsandqubits?A.Classicalbitscanprocessmultiplestatessimultaneously,whilequbitscannot.B.Qubitsusesuperpositiontoexistinmultiplestatesatonce,unlikeclassicalbits.C.Qubitsarelesssensitivetotemperaturechangesthanclassicalbits.D.Classicalbitsrelyonquantumentanglementtofunction.57.WhydoesthedevelopmentofquantumcomputersposeathreattocurrentencryptionstandardslikeRSA?A.Becausequantumcomputersaresignificantlyfasterattransmittingencrypteddata.B.BecauseShor'salgorithmenablesquantumcomputerstofactorlargeprimenumbersquickly.C.Becausequantumcomputerscancooldowntonearabsolutezero,bypassingsecurityprotocols.D.BecauseRSAalgorithmsarebasedonoutdatedmathematicalmodels.58.Whatis"decoherence"inthecontextofquantumcomputing?A.Theabilityofaquantumcomputertoperformparallelcalculations.B.Thelossofaquantumstateduetoenvironmentalinterference.C.Themathematicalformulausedtocorrectquantumerrors.D.Theprocessofcoolingquantumprocessorstoabsolutezero.59.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecurrentstateofquantumcomputingfromthetext?A.Itisalreadybeingusedtodiscovernewpharmaceuticaldrugs.B.Itiswidelyadoptedinthefinancialindustryforcryptography.C.Itisstillintheexperimentalstage,facingsignificantphysicalandfinancialhurdles.D.Ithasachieved"quantumadvantage"inmultiplescientificfields.60.WhatdoestheprovidedmathematicalformulaC(A.Thetotalcostofmaintainingaquantumcomputerovertimet.B.Thecumulativeinvestmentinresearchandinfrastructureovertimet.C.Theerrorcorrectionratefunctionforqubits.D.Thefinancialreturnoninvestmentforquantumtechnology.Text2Thephenomenonof"urbansprawl"hasfundamentallyreshapedthedemographicandgeographiclandscapeofthemodernworld.Characterizedbytheunplanned,outwardexpansionofurbanareasintoruralorundevelopedland,sprawlisoftendrivenbyacombinationofpopulationgrowth,affordablehousingdemands,andtheproliferationoftheautomobile.Whileproponentsarguethatsuburbanexpansionoffersresidentsahigherqualityoflife,increasedprivacy,andaccesstolargerlivingspaces,theecologicalandsocioeconomiccostsareprofound.Oneofthemostcriticalenvironmentalimpactsofurbansprawlishabitatfragmentation.Ascitiesexpandoutward,vasttractsofforests,wetlands,andgrasslandsareclearedtomakewayforhousingdevelopments,roads,andcommercialcenters.Thiscontinuousclearingseversecosystems,isolatingwildlifepopulationsandreducingbiodiversity.Isolatedpopulationssufferfromalackofgeneticdiversity,makingthemmoresusceptibletodiseasesandenvironmentalchanges.Furthermore,theincreaseinimpervioussurfaces,suchasasphaltandconcrete,disruptsnaturalwaterinfiltration,leadingtoincreasedsurfacerunoff,soilerosion,andthedegradationoflocalwaterbodies.Socioeconomically,urbansprawlexacerbatesspatialinequality.Theflightofthemiddleandupperclassestothesuburbsoftenleavesbehindaconcentratedurbanpoorpopulationincitycenters.Thisdemographicshiftdrainstheurbantaxbase,leadingtoadeteriorationofpublicservicessuchasschools,healthcare,andpublictransportationintheinnercity.Simultaneously,thesuburbanrelianceonautomobilescreatesaheavyfinancialburdenfortheworkingpoor,whomustallocateadisproportionateamountoftheirincometovehicleownershipandfuel.Thelackofcomprehensivepublictransitinsprawlingareasfurthermarginalizesthosewhocannotaffordtodrive,effectivelycuttingthemofffromemploymentopportunities.Toaddressthesemultifacetedissues,urbanplannersadvocatefortheconceptof"smartgrowth."Smartgrowthstrategiesaimtoconcentratedevelopmentincompact,transit-oriented,andwalkableurbancenters.Bypromotingverticalexpansionratherthanhorizontalsprawl,citiescanpreservesurroundingnaturalhabitatsandreducethecarbonfootprintassociatedwithdailycommuting.However,theimplementationofsmartgrowthisoftenmetwithresistance.NIMBY(NotInMyBackYard)sentimentsfrequentlyarisewhenproposalsforhigh-densityhousingorpublictransitlinesareintroducedintoestablished,low-densityneighborhoods.Bridgingthegapbetweenthetheoreticalbenefitsofsmartgrowthanditspractical,equitableimplementationremainsoneofthemostpressingchallengesformodernurbanplanners.61.Whatistheprimarycauseofhabitatfragmentationmentionedinthetext?A.Theincreaseinimpervioussurfaceslikeasphalt.B.Theclearingofnaturallandforurbanexpansion.C.Thespatialisolationofwildlifepopulations.D.Thelackofgeneticdiversityinurbananimals.62.Howdoesurbansprawlcontributetospatialinequality?A.Byforcinglow-incomeresidentstomovetothesuburbs.B.Bycausingthewealthytorelocatetocitycenters.C.Bydrainingtheurbantaxbaseanddegradinginner-citypublicservices.D.Byincreasingtherelianceonpublictransportationinthesuburbs.63.Accordingtothetext,whyisthelackofpublictransitinsprawlingareasaproblemfortheworkingpoor?A.Becauseitforcesthemtoliveintheinnercity.B.Becauseitdisproportionatelyincreasestheirlivingandcommutingcosts.C.Becauseitpreventsthemfrompurchasingautomobiles.D.Becauseitexposesthemtohigherlevelsofpollution.64.Whatisthemaingoalof"smartgrowth"strategies?A.Toexpandcitieshorizontallytoprovidelargerlivingspaces.B.Toencouragetheuseofautomobilestoboostthelocaleconomy.C.Toconcentratedevelopmentincompact,transit-orientedurbancenters.D.Tomovetheurbanpooroutofthecitycentersintothesuburbs.65.Whatdoestheacronym"NIMBY"refertointhecontextofthepassage?A.Residentswhosupporthigh-densityhousingintheirneighborhoods.B.Residentswhoopposeunwanteddevelopmentsintheirownneighborhoods.C.Urbanplannerswhoadvocateforsmartgrowthstrategies.D.Politicianswhoresisttheexpansionofpublictransitsystems.Text3Inthecontemporarydiscourseonhumancognition,theconceptof"neuroplasticity"hasrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthebrain.Forcenturies,theprevailingscientificdogmapositedthatthehumanbrainwasastaticorgan,itsstructureandfunctionirrevocablyfixedafteracriticalperiodofdevelopmentinearlychildhood.Thisdeterministicviewimpliedthatcognitivedeclineinlaterlifewasinevitableandthatdamagetothecentralnervoussystemwasirreparable.However,groundbreakingresearchinthelate20thcenturydismantledthisrigidframework,revealingthatthebrainis,infact,ahighlydynamic,malleableorgancapableofreorganizingitselfthroughoutanindividual'slifespan.Neuroplasticityreferstothebrain'sinherentabilitytoformnewneuralconnections,strengthenexistingpathways,andevenreassignfunctionsfromdamagedareastohealthyonesinresponsetolearning,experience,orinjury.Thisadaptivemechanismisfacilitatedbysynapticplasticity,wherethestrengthofcommunicationbetweenneuronsisalteredbasedontheiractivitylevels.TheHebbiantheory,succinctlysummarizedbythephrase"cellsthatfiretogether,wiretogether,"encapsulatesthisprinciple.Whenaspecificneuralpathwayisrepeatedlyactivated—forinstance,whenlearninganewlanguageormasteringamusicalinstrument—thesynapticconnectionsalongthatpathwayarefortified,makingfuturesignaltransmissionmoreefficient.Theimplicationsofneuroplasticityextendfarbeyondacademictheory;theyhaveprofoundclinicalandeducationalapplications.Intherealmofneurorehabilitation,theunderstandingofbrainplasticityhasledtothedevelopmentofconstraint-inducedmovementtherapyforstrokepatients.Byrestrictingtheuseoftheunaffectedlimbandforcingtheuseoftheparalyzedone,thebrainisstimulatedtorewireitsmotorcortex,graduallyrecoveringlostfunctions.Ineducation,acknowledgingthebrain'splasticityshiftsthepedagogicalfocusfrominnateabilitytodeliberatepractice.A"growthmindset,"thebeliefthatintelligencecanbedevelopedthrougheffort,isempiricallysupportedbythemechanicsofneuroplasticity.Despiteitsextraordinarypotential,neuroplasticityisnotapanacea.Thebrain'scapacityforreorganizationisconstrainedbyage;whileplasticityismostrobustduringchildhood—aperiodknownasthecriticalwindow—itgraduallydeclinesasanindividualages.Thisage-relateddeclineisassociatedwithareductionintheproductionofneurotrophicfactors,proteinsthatsupportthegrowthandsurvivalofneurons.Furthermore,neuroplasticityisaneutralmechanism;itdoesnotinherentlydistinguishbetweenpositiveandnegativeadaptations.Justasthebraincanberewiredtorecoverfromastroke,itcanalsobewiredtoreinforcemaladaptivebehaviors,suchassubstanceaddictionorchronicanxiety.Therefore,consciousinterventionandstructuredenvironmentsareimperativetosteerneuroplasticitytowardsbeneficialoutcomes.66.Whatwasthetraditionalscientificbeliefaboutthehumanbrainbeforethediscoveryofneuroplasticity?A.Thebraincouldeasilyrepairitselfafterinjury.B.Thebrain'sstructurewasfixedafterearlychildhooddevelopment.C.Thebrainwascapableofformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife.D.Thebrain'sfunctionwasstrictlydeterminedbygeneticfactorsalone.67.AccordingtotheHebbiantheory,howareneuralpathwaysstrengthened?A.Byreducingtheactivitylevelsofneuronstopreventoverstimulation.B.Byrepeatedlyactivatingthesamepathwaythroughlearningorpractice.C.Byreassigningfunctionsfromdamagedareastohealthyones.D.Byrestrictingtheuseoftheunaffectedlimbintherapy.68.Whatistheeducationalimplicationofneuroplasticitymentionedinthetext?A.Deliberatepracticeismoreimportantthaninnateabilityindevelopingintelligence.B.Studentsshouldavoiddifficultsubjectstopreventneuralfatigue.C.Thecriticalwindowforlearninglanguagesclosesafterchildhood.D.Intelligenceisfixedandcannotbesignificantlyalteredbyeffort.69.Whyisneuroplasticityconsidereda"neutralmechanism"?A.Becauseitonlyoccursinresponsetopositiveexperiences.B.Becauseitnaturallydeclineswithage,regardlessofeffort.C.Becauseitcanreinforcebothbeneficialandharmfulbehaviors.D.Becauseitreliesontheproductionofneurotrophicfactors.70.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainpointofthefinalparagraph?A.Neuroplasticityallowsthebraintorecoverfromseverestrokes.B.Age-relateddeclineinneuroplasticitycanbecompletelyreversed.C.Neuroplasticityhaslimitationsandcanleadtonegativeadaptationswithoutproperguidance.D.Neurotrophicfactorsarethekeytomaintainingbrainplasticityinoldage.PartB:SentenceInsertionDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.C