2026年上半年全國英語等級考試（PETS）復習試題及答案高分策略(全新版)第五級(甘孜州)

2026年上半年全國英語等級考試（PETS）復習試題及答案高分策略(全新版)第五級(甘孜州)SectionIListeningComprehensionDirections:ThissectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.Youwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccompanythem.PartADirections:Youwillhearatalkaboutthepsychologyofprocrastination.Completethesentencesinquestions1to5withtheexactwordsorphrasesyouhearonthetape.Writeyouranswersinthecorrespondingspace.1.Thespeakermentionsthatprocrastinationisoftenmisunderstoodasaproblemof______________,butitisactuallyanemotionalregulationissue.2.Accordingtotheresearchcited,whenindividualsprocrastinate,theyareprioritizingshort-termmoodrepairover______________.3.Theconceptof"timeinconsistency"explainsthatthepresentselfandthefutureselfareoftenviewedas______________bythehumanbrain.4.Oneeffectivestrategytocombatprocrastinationistopracticeself-compassion,whichsurprisinglyleadstofewerfutureepisodesof______________.5.Thespeakerconcludesthatbreakingtasksintosmaller,manageablecomponentsreducestheneurologicalresponseknownas______________.PartBDirections:Youwillhearaconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessorregardingaresearchthesis,aradioprogramaboutthehistoryofjazz,andalectureonmarinebiology.Answerquestions6to13bychoosingthecorrectoption.Questions6to8arebasedonthefollowingconversationbetweenastudentandaprofessor.6.Whydoesthestudentvisittheprofessor?[A]Toaskforanextensiononthethesisdeadline.[B]Todiscussthemethodologysectionofherresearchproposal.[C]Torequestachangeofthesistopic.[D]Toreportamalfunctioninthelaboratoryequipment.7.Whatistheprofessor'smaincritiqueofthestudent'scurrentdraft?[A]Thesamplesizeistoosmalltobestatisticallysignificant.[B]Theliteraturereviewlackssourcesfromthelastdecade.[C]Theindependentanddependentvariablesarenotclearlydefined.[D]Thetheoreticalframeworkcontradictstheempiricaldata.8.Whatdoestheprofessorsuggestthestudentdonext?[A]Conductapilotstudytotestthesurveyinstrument.[B]Interviewexpertsinthefieldforqualitativeinsights.[C]Switchfromaquantitativeapproachtoaqualitativeone.[D]Rewritetheintroductiontoemphasizetheresearchgap.Questions9and10arebasedonthefollowingradiobroadcast.9.Whatisthemaintopicoftheradioprogram?[A]TheinfluenceofAfricanrhythmsonmodernpopmusic.[B]ThemigrationofjazzmusiciansfromNewOrleanstoChicago.[C]Thetechnologicaladvancementsinrecordingjazzmusic.[D]TheeconomicimpactoftheGreatDepressiononjazzclubs.10.Accordingtothebroadcast,whatdistinguishedthe"ChicagoStyle"ofjazz?[A]Theexclusiveuseofelectronicallyamplifiedinstruments.[B]Agreateremphasisonsoloimprovisationratherthancollectivepolyphony.[C]Theintegrationofclassicalmusicstructuresintojazzcompositions.[D]Aslowertempoandmorestructuredrhythmicpatterns.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowinglecture.11.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthelecture?[A]Thereproductivecyclesofdeep-seaanglerfish.[B]Thesymbioticrelationshipbetweencoralpolypsandzooxanthellae.[C]Theimpactofoceanacidificationonshell-formingorganisms.[D]Thenavigationalmechanismsofseaturtlesacrossmagneticfields.12.Whydoesthelecturermentionthephenomenonof"coralbleaching"?[A]Toillustratetheresilienceofcertaincoralspeciestotemperaturechanges.[B]Toexplainthemechanismbywhichcoralpolypscaptureprey.[C]Tohighlighttheconsequencesofenvironmentalstressonmarineecosystems.[D]Tointroduceanewmethodofrestoringdamagedcoralreefs.13.Whatdoesthelecturerimplyaboutcurrentconservationefforts?[A]Theyareprimarilyfocusedonbreedingendangeredspeciesincaptivity.[B]Theyhavebeenlargelyunsuccessfulduetoalackofinternationalfunding.[C]Theyneedtoaddresstherootcausesofglobalwarmingratherthanjustlocalpollution.[D]Theyrelytooheavilyonvolunteerworkratherthanscientificexpertise.PartCDirections:Youwillhearaninterviewwithanexpertonurbanagriculture.Answerquestions14to20bychoosingthecorrectoption.14.Whatpromptedtheinitialinterestinurbanagricultureaccordingtotheexpert?[A]Asuddenshortageofimportedagriculturalproducts.[B]Thedesiretoreducethecarbonfootprintassociatedwithfoodtransport.[C]Thediscoveryofhighlyproductivevacantlotsincitycenters.[D]Agovernmentsubsidyprogramforcommunitygardens.15.Howdoestheexpertdefine"verticalfarming"?[A]Growingcropsontheexteriorwallsofskyscrapers.[B]Utilizingstackedindoorhydroponicsystemstomaximizespace.[C]Cultivatingcropsonsteeplyslopedurbanhillsides.[D]Plantingdeep-rootedvegetablestoimprovesoilstructure.16.Whatisthemainchallengeofimplementinglarge-scaleverticalfarming?[A]Thehighcostofelectricityforartificiallightingandclimatecontrol.[B]Thelackofsuitableseedsforindoorcultivationenvironments.[C]Thedifficultyinpollinatingplantsinenclosedstructures.[D]Thelimitedvarietyofcropsthatcanbegrownhydroponically.17.Whydoestheexpertmentiontheconceptof"fooddeserts"?[A]Tocriticizetheaestheticqualityofurbanfarmingprojects.[B]Toexplainhowurbanagriculturecanprovidefreshproducetounderservedneighborhoods.[C]Topointoutthaturbansoilisoftentoodepletedfortraditionalfarming.[D]Tosuggestthaturbanagriculturecannotsolvetheproblemoffoodscarcity.18.Accordingtotheexpert,whatisasecondarybenefitofrooftopgardens?[A]Theygeneratesurpluselectricitythroughintegratedsolarpanels.[B]Theyprovidehabitatsformigratorybirdsandlocalpollinators.[C]Theysignificantlyreducetheheatingcostsofthebuildingsbelow.[D]Theyofferalucrativesourceofincomeforpropertydevelopers.19.Whatistheexpert'sviewonthefutureofurbanagriculture?[A]Itwillcompletelyreplacetraditionalruralfarmingwithinfiftyyears.[B]Itwillremainanichepracticelimitedtowealthyurbanareas.[C]Itwillbecomeanintegratedcomponentofsmartcityplanning.[D]Itwillfacestrictregulationslimitingitscommercialscale.20.Whatadvicedoestheexpertgivetocityplanners?[A]Toallocatededicatedagriculturalzoneswithinurbandevelopmentplans.[B]Toprovidetaxincentivesforconvertingofficespacesintofarms.[C]Torestrictprivaterooftopgardeningtoensurestructuralsafety.[D]Toprioritizethecultivationofstaplecropsoverleafygreens.SectionIIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoices.TheSilkRoadwasanancientnetworkoftraderoutesthatwerecentraltoculturalinteractionthroughregionsoftheAsiancontinentconnectingtheWestandEast.Itwasnotmerelyaconduitfortheexchangeofsilk,spices,andpreciousmetals;itwas(21)_______avitalchannelforthetransmissionofknowledge,ideas,andculture.Merchants,diplomats,andmonkstraversedthese(22)_______paths,carryingwiththemnotonlycommercialgoodsbutalsoreligiousbeliefs,technologicalinnovations,andphilosophicaldoctrines.Theterm"Seidenstra?e"(SilkRoad)wasactually(23)_______bytheGermangeographerFerdinandvonRichthofenin1877,longafterthenetworkhadfallenintodisuse.Theroutes(24)_______overthousandsofkilometers,navigatingtreacherousdeserts,toweringmountainranges,andvaststeppes.Despitetheharshconditions,theeconomic(25)_______wereimmense.TheChinese,forinstance,exportedsilk,whichwashighly(26)_______intheRomanEmpire,whileimportinghorses,glassware,andagriculturalproducts.OneofthemostprofoundimpactsoftheSilkRoadwasthe(27)_______ofBuddhismfromIndiatoChinaandeventuallytoJapan.ThetranslationofBuddhisttextsnotonlyspreadreligious(28)_______butalsoenrichedthelinguisticlandscapeofEastAsia.Monasticcentersalongtheroute,suchasthoseinDunhuang,becamehubsoflearningandtranslation,(29)_______auniqueculturalsynthesisthatblendedindigenoustraditionswithforeigninfluences.However,thedeclineoftheSilkRoadwasas(30)_______asitsrise.ThefragmentationoftheMongolEmpire,theadventofmaritimetrade,andtheclosureofbordersbyisolationistpoliciesgraduallychokedthe(31)_______ofoverlandcommerce.Bythe15thcentury,EuropeanexplorerswereseekingdirectsearoutestoAsia,effectively(32)_______theeraofSilkRoadtrade.Today,thelegacyoftheSilkRoadisbeing(33)_______throughinternationalinfrastructureinitiatives.The"BeltandRoadInitiative"proposedbyChinaaimstorecreatetheconnectivityoftheancientroutesthroughamodernnetworkofrailways,ports,andpipelines.Whetherthismodern(34)_______willfosterthesamelevelofculturalexchangeasitspredecessorremainstobeseen,butthehistoricalsignificanceoftheoriginalSilkRoadasabridgebetweencivilizationsis(35)_______.21.[A]nevertheless[B]therefore[C]furthermore[D]otherwise22.[A]arduous[B]mundane[C]pedestrian[D]serene23.[A]fabricated[B]coined[C]plagiarized[D]disputed24.[A]twisted[B]coiled[C]stretched[D]lingered25.[A]rewards[B]compensations[C]returns[D]gains26.[A]praised[B]prized[C]appraised[D]apprised27.[A]transmission[B]transformation[C]transplantation[D]translation28.[A]thought[B]ideology[C]faith[D]creed29.[A]concealing[B]orchestrating[C]replicating[D]simulating30.[A]gradual[B]abrupt[C]intentional[D]inevitable31.[A]arteries[B]veins[C]streams[D]flows32.[A]resurrecting[B]terminating[C]initiating[D]suspending33.[A]revived[B]dismantled[C]challenged[D]commemorated34.[A]counterpart[B]duplicate[C]equivalent[D]facsimile35.[A]questionable[B]undeniable[C]exaggerated[D]negligibleSectionIIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthecorrectoption.Text1Thehumanmicrobiome,thevastcollectionofmicroorganismsresidinginandonourbodies,hasemergedasacriticalfrontierinmedicalresearch.Recentstudieshaveincreasinglyhighlightedtheprofoundimpactofthesemicrobialcommunitiesonhumanhealth,extendingfarbeyonddigestiveprocesses.Thegut-brainaxis,abidirectionalcommunicationnetworklinkingtheentericandcentralnervoussystems,isnowafocalpointforunderstandingneurodevelopmentalandpsychiatricdisorders.Researchindicatesthatgutmicrobiotacaninfluencebrainfunctionthroughseveralmechanisms,includingtheproductionofneurotransmitterslikeserotoninanddopamine,modulationoftheimmunesystem,andalterationsinneuralplasticity.Forinstance,germ-freemiceraisedinsterileenvironmentsexhibitalteredanxiety-likebehaviorsandcognitivedeficitscomparedtotheirconventionalcounterparts.Whenthemicrobiotaofthesegerm-freemiceisrestored,manyofthesebehavioralabnormalitiesarereversed.Theimplicationsofthesefindingsforneurologyandpsychiatryaresubstantial.Ifthemicrobiomeisfoundtoplayacausativeroleinconditionssuchasdepression,autismspectrumdisorder,orAlzheimer'sdisease,itopensupentirelynovelavenuesfortreatment.Insteadoftargetingthebraindirectlywithpharmaceuticals,itmightbepossibletomodulateneurologicalhealththroughdietaryinterventions,prebiotics,probiotics,orevenfecalmicrobiotatransplants.However,translatingthispromisingresearchintoclinicalpracticerequiresovercomingsignificanthurdles.Themicrobiomeishighlyindividualized,varyingbasedongenetics,diet,environment,andmedicationhistory.Aprobioticformulationthatbenefitsonepatientmightbeineffectiveorevendetrimentaltoanother.Furthermore,thecomplexinterplaybetweendifferentmicrobialspeciesmakesitdifficulttoisolatespecificcausalmechanisms.Despitethesechallenges,thegut-brainaxisremainsahighlypromisingareaofresearch,challengingtraditionalparadigmsofneurologyandofferinghopeformorepersonalizedandholisticmedicaltreatments.36.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?[A]Thegutmicrobiomeissolelyresponsibleforneurologicaldisorders.[B]Thegut-brainaxisrepresentsanewparadigmforunderstandingandpotentiallytreatingneurologicalandpsychiatricconditions.[C]Germ-freemiceareessentialfordevelopingnewpsychiatricmedications.[D]FecalmicrobiotatransplantsarethemosteffectivetreatmentforAlzheimer'sdisease.37.Accordingtoparagraph2,howdogutmicrobesaffectthebrain?[A]Bydirectlyinfiltratingtheblood-brainbarrier.[B]Byconsumingexcessneurotransmittersinthedigestivetract.[C]Byproducingneurotransmittersandmodulatingtheimmunesystem.[D]Byalteringthegeneticmakeupofneuralstemcells.38.Thephrase"avenuesfortreatment"inparagraph3mostlikelyrefersto:[A]Newmethodsofmodulatingneurologicalhealth.[B]Strictdietaryrestrictionsforpsychiatricpatients.[C]Surgicalinterventionsintheentericnervoussystem.[D]Traditionalpharmaceuticaldrugstargetingthebrain.39.Whatisidentifiedasamajorchallengeinapplyingmicrobiomeresearchtoclinicaltreatments?[A]Theinabilitytoculturegutbacteriainlaboratorysettings.[B]Thehighcostoffecalmicrobiotatransplants.[C]Theindividualizednatureandcomplexityofthehumanmicrobiome.[D]Thelackofevidencelinkingthemicrobiometobrainfunction.40.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor'sattitudetowardmicrobiomeresearch?[A]Cautiouslyoptimisticaboutitsfutureclinicalapplications.[B]Highlyskepticalofitsrelevancetohumanpsychology.[C]Certainthatitwillreplaceallcurrentpsychiatrictreatments.[D]Indifferenttothechallengesofpersonalizedmedicine.Text2Theeconomicviabilityofasteroidmininghastransitionedfromtherealmofsciencefictiontoaseriousconsiderationforaerospaceengineersandventurecapitalists.Near-Earthasteroids(NEAs)areparticularlyattractivetargetsduetotheirproximityandrichresourcepotential.Thesecelestialbodiesareknowntocontainabundantwater,platinum-groupmetals,andrareearthelements.ThefundamentalphysicsunderlyingthepropulsionofminedmaterialsbacktoEarthorbitinvolvesoptimizingtheΔv(delta-v),whichrepresentsthechangeinvelocityrequiredtoperformamaneuver.TheTsiolkovskyrocketequation,Δv=lnDespitethetheoreticalattractiveness,thepracticalimplementationfacesformidableobstacles.Themicrogravityenvironmentofanasteroidcomplicatesextractionprocessesthatrelyonfrictionorgravity,requiringnovelanchoringandexcavationtechnologies.Furthermore,theheterogeneityofasteroidcompositionmeansthataone-size-fits-allminingapproachisunfeasible.Carbonaceouschondritesarerichinwaterbuthavelowconcentrationsofheavymetals,whereasM-typeasteroidsaremetallicbutlackvolatilecompoundsnecessaryforin-situfuelproduction.Internationallegalframeworksalsopresentagrayarea.TheOuterSpaceTreatyof1967prohibitsnationalappropriationofcelestialbodies,butitisambiguousregardingprivatecommercialextraction.Theinterpretationof"nationalappropriation"versus"use"ofresourcesiscurrentlyasubjectofintensedebateamongspacelawyers.Willextractingatonofplatinumfromanasteroidconstituteaviolationoftheprinciplethatspaceisthe"provinceofallmankind"?Proponentsarguethatthepotentialbenefitsfaroutweightherisks.AsteroidminingcouldshifttheextractionofenvironmentallydamagingheavyindustriesoffEarth,contributingtoecologicalconservation.Additionally,theinfluxofrareearthelementscouldstabilizeglobalsupplychainsthatarecurrentlyvulnerabletogeopoliticalmonopolies.Whetherthe"goldrush"ofthe21stcenturywillbeinspacedependsontheconvergenceoftechnologicalbreakthroughs,legalclarity,andsustainedfinancialinvestment.41.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?[A]ToarguethatasteroidminingwillsolveEarth'sresourcescarcity.[B]Toexplainthepotential,challenges,andlegalambiguitiesofasteroidmining.[C]Tocritiquetheenvironmentaldamagecausedbyspaceexploration.[D]TopromoteinvestmentinNear-EarthAsteroidexplorationcompanies.42.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswaterextractedfromasteroidsvaluable?[A]Itcanbesoldtospaceagenciesforscientificexperiments.[B]Itcanbeconvertedintorocketpropellant,reducingfuelrequirementsforfurthermissions.[C]Itcanbeusedtocooltheminingequipmentintheextremetemperaturesofspace.[D]ItcanbetransportedbacktoEarthtoalleviatefreshwatershortages.43.ThementionoftheTsiolkovskyrocketequationinthepassageservesto:[A]Illustratethemathematicalcomplexityofspacelaw.[B]Demonstratetheauthor'sexpertiseinaerospaceengineering.[C]Explainwhyminimizingvelocitychangesiscriticalformaximizingtransportablecargo.[D]Provethatdeepspacemissionsarecurrentlyimpossiblewithoutasteroidmining.44.Whatisamajortechnicaldifficultyinminingasteroidsmentionedinthetext?[A]Theextremeheatgeneratedbyminingequipmentinavacuum.[B]Thelackofgravitymakingtraditionalexcavationmethodsineffective.[C]Thehighspeedatwhichasteroidsrotate,causingstructuraldamage.[D]TheradioactivityofM-typeasteroidsposinghealthriskstohumanoperators.45.Whatisthelegalambiguitysurroundingasteroidmining?[A]Whetherprivatecompaniescanclaimownershipoftheasteroidstheymine.[B]Thelackofaninternationalbodytoregulatespacetransportation.[C]Thedistinctionbetweenresourceextractionandscientificresearch.[D]WhethertheOuterSpaceTreatyappliestoprivateentitiesratherthannations.Text3Minimalisminarchitectureisoftenconflatedwithastark,asceticaestheticcharacterizedbywhitewalls,emptyspaces,andanabsenceofornamentation.However,truearchitecturalminimalismisarigorousdisciplineconcernedwiththeessentialrelationshipbetweenform,light,andmaterial.Itisnotmerelyaboutcreatingemptyspace,butaboutrevealingtheinherentqualitiesofthespaceitself.Themovement,heavilyinfluencedbyJapanesetraditionalarchitectureandZenphilosophy,seekstoeliminatetheunnecessary,allowingthenecessarytospeak.Theminimalistapproachdemandsanintensefocusondetail.Whenthereisnoornamentationtodistracttheeye,thequalityofconstructionbecomesparamount.Aslightmisalignmentinajointoravariationinthetextureofasurfacebecomesglaringlyobvious.Thisnecessitatesahigherlevelofcraftsmanshipandoftenresultsinhigherconstructioncosts,paradoxicallymakingminimalismaluxuryratherthananeconomicalchoice.Thephrase"lessismore,"popularizedbyMiesvanderRohe,encapsulatesthisphilosophy:thereductionofelementsactuallyincreasestheintensityandclarityofthearchitecturalexperience.Furthermore,minimalisminteractsuniquelywithlight.Becausetheformsarereducedtotheirbareessentials,thewaylightinteractswithsurfaces—howitcastsshadows,reflectsoffmaterials,andchangesthroughouttheday—becomestheprimarydecorativeelement.Inaminimalistspace,thearchitectureisnotstatic;itisanimatedbytheshiftingsunandthechangingseasons.Criticsofminimalismoftenarguethatitcreatescold,uninvitingspacesthatprioritizeaestheticpurityoverhumancomfort.Theysuggestthatthelackofvisualstimulicanbedisorientingoroppressive.However,proponentsarguethatbystrippingawaydistractions,minimalistarchitecturefostersasenseoftranquilityandmentalclarity,providingarefugefromthesensoryoverloadofthemodernworld.Ultimately,thesuccessofaminimalistdesignliesnotinitsemptiness,butinitsabilitytoarticulatethepoeticrelationshipbetweentheoccupantandthebuiltenvironment.46.Whatisthemainargumentofthepassage?[A]Minimalistarchitectureisoverlyexpensiveandignoreshumancomfort.[B]Minimalismismoreabouttheaestheticofwhitewallsthanstructuraldiscipline.[C]Minimalistarchitectureisadisciplineofrevealingessentialformsandqualitiesthroughreduction.[D]Japanesearchitectureistheonlytrueformofminimalism.47.Accordingtothetext,whyisminimalismoftenconsideredaluxury?[A]ItrequiresexpensiveimportedmaterialslikeJapanesewood.[B]Itisfavoredbywealthyclientswhocanaffordlargeemptyspaces.[C]Thelackofornamentationdemandsexceptionallyhighcraftsmanshipandpreciseconstruction.[D]Thespecializedlightingsystemsusedinminimalistbuildingsarecostlytoinstall.48.Howdoeslightfunctioninaminimalistarchitecturalspace?[A]Itisblockedouttocreateasenseofmysteryandenclosure.[B]Itservesastheprimarydecorativeelementthroughitsinteractionwithsurfaces.[C]Itisusedtohighlightthefewpiecesoffurnitureplacedintheroom.[D]Itisartificiallygeneratedtomaintainaconsistentenvironment.49.Whatisthecritics'primaryobjectiontominimalistarchitecture?[A]Itisaestheticallyunappealingandlackscolor.[B]Itistoofocusedonfunctionaldetailsratherthanbeauty.[C]Itcreatesspacesthatcanbecold,oppressive,andlackinginhumancomfort.[D]Itrequirestoomuchmaintenancetokeepthespacesemptyandclean.50.Whatdoesthephrase"lessismore"implyinthecontextofthepassage?[A]Reducingthesizeofabuildingincreasesitsmarketvalue.[B]Usingfewermaterialsreducestheenvironmentalimpactofconstruction.[C]Eliminatingunnecessaryelementsenhancestheclarityandintensityofthearchitecturalexperience.[D]Havinglessfurnituremakesthespaceappearlargerandmoreluxurious.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ChoosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks51-55.Theconceptof"UniversalBasicIncome"(UBI)hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasapotentialsolutiontotheeconomicdisruptionscausedbyautomationandartificialintelligence.51._______.Thecentralpremiseisstraightforward:everycitizenreceivesaregular,unconditionalsumofmoneyfromthegovernment,regardlessoftheiremploymentstatusorwealth.52._______.Byprovidingafinancialfloor,UBIaimstoeradicateextremepoverty.Itassumesthatindividualsarethebestjudgesoftheirownneeds,ratherthanbureaucraticwelfareagenciesdictatinghowassistancemustbespent.Thisrepresentsaparadigmshiftfromconditionalwelfare,whichoftencomeswithcomplexeligibilitycriteriaandadministrativeoverhead.However,theeconomicimplicationsofUBIareasubjectofintensedebate.53._______.Criticspointtotheastronomicalcostofimplementingsuchaprogramonanationalscale.TheyarguethatfundingUBIwouldrequireeithermassivetaxincreasesorseverecutstoexistingpublicservices,suchashealthcareandeducation.54._______.TrialsincountrieslikeFinlandandcitieslikeStockton,California,haveshownmostlypositiveoutcomes,includingreducedfinancialstressandslightincreasesinemployment,asrecipientsusedthefundstoinvestineducationorstartsmallbusinesses.However,thesetrialshavebeenlocalizedandshort-term,makingitdifficulttoextrapolatethelong-termmacroeconomiceffectsofapermanent,nationwideUBI.55._______.Itchallengestraditionalnotionsoftherelationshipbetweenlabor,value,andhumandignity.Astheglobaleconomystandsontheprecipiceofanautomatedfuture,thedebateoverUBIisnotjustabouteconomics,butaboutthefundamentalprinciplesofsocialjusticeandhumanrights.[A]ProponentsarguethatUBIprovidesasafetynetthatempowersindividualstotakerisks,suchasstartingabusinessorchangingcareers,withoutthefearofabsolutedestitution.[B]Ultimately,thediscussionsurroundingUBItranscendsmerefiscalpolicy.[C]Historically,theideawaschampionedbyeconomistslikeMiltonFriedmanintheformofanegativeincometax.[D]Theempiricalevidence,however,remainsinconclusive.[E]Atitscore,UBIrepresentsaradicalsimplificationofthesocialsafetynet.[F]Furthermore,thereareconcernsthatauniversalincomemightleadtoinflation,asincreasedconsumerpurchasingpowerdrivesupprices.[G]TheideahashistoricalrootstracingbacktoThomasPaine,whoproposedacitizen'sdividendfundedbyagroundrenttax.SectionIVWritingDirections:Readthefollowingmaterialcarefullyandwriteanessayofabout250wordsbasedontheprovidedinformation.Thefollowingchartandtextpresentdataandopinionsregardingthedeclineofglobalbeepopulationsanditspotentialimpactonagriculture.Text:Beesareamongthemostcriticalpollinatorsintheglobalagriculturalecosystem.Overthepastdecade,scientistsandfarmershaveobservedaprecipitousdeclineinbeepopulations,aphenomenonoftenreferredtoasColonyCollapseDisorder(CCD).Thecausesofthisdeclinearemultifaceted,includingthewidespreaduseofneonicotinoidpesticides,habitatlossduetointensivemonoculturefarming,climatechange,andparasiticmitessuchasVarroadestructor.Thedeclineinbeepopulationsposesaseverethreattoglobalfoodsecurity.Itisestimatedthatapproximatelyone-thirdofthehumandietisdependentoninsectpollination,withbeesresponsibleforthevastmajorityofthiswork.Cropssuchasalmonds,apples,blueberries,andcucumbersareheavilyreliantoncommercialbeepollination.Thelossofbeeswouldnotonlyreducetheyieldofthesecropsbutcouldalsoleadtonutritionaldeficienciesinhumanpopulations,aspollinator-dependentcropsareoftenrichinessentialvitaminsandminerals.Writeanessaysummarizingthemaincausesofthedeclineinbeepopulationsanddiscussingthepotentialconsequencesofthisphenomenononhumansociety.Youshouldalsoproposeatleasttwoactionablesolutionstomitigatethiscrisis.Youressayshouldbelogicallystructured,coherent,anduseappropriatevocabulary.SectionIListeningComprehensionAnswerKeyandTranscriptsPartA1.timemanagement2.long-termgoals3.disconnectedcrastination5.theamygdalahijackTranscriptforPartA:Goodmorning,everyone.Todaywearedelvingintothepsychologyofprocrastination.Fordecades,we'veoperatedundertheassumptionthatprocrastinationissimplyaproblemoftimemanagement.Ifyouprocrastinate,youmustjustbebadatplanningyourschedule.However,