【創新設計】高考英語總復習 216第六章情態動詞和虛擬語氣（江蘇專用）

第六章情態動詞和虛擬語氣

△情態動詞和虛擬語氣講解△一、情態動詞(一)情態動詞的基本用法1．can/could(1)表“能力”。【例1】Justbepatient.You________expecttheworldtochangesosoon. (2010·全國Ⅰ)A．can't B．needn'tC．maynot D．whether答案A【例2】We________eatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadanymoneyonus.A．can't B．couldn'tC．maynot D．mightnot答案B(2)表“許可”。回答could的提問常用can，一般不用could。【例3】—CouldIuseyourbike?—Yes,surelyyou________.A．mightB．willC．canD．could答案C(3)could一般只表過去的能力；若表示過去的能力得到了實施，一般用was/wereableto，不用could。【例4】Thefirespreadthroughoutthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.A．hadto B．wouldC．could D．wasableto答案D2．may/might(1)表“許可”(＝can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustn't或can't。回答might的提問常用may，一般不用might。【例5】—________Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot. (2010·四川)A．WillB．MayC．MustD．Need答案B【例6】—MightIuseyourpen?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A．mayB．mustC．couldD．might答案A【例7】—MayIwatchTVnow?—No,you________.A．canB．mustn'tC．couldn'tD．mightn't答案B(2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主謂要倒裝。【例8】Goodlucktoyou,and________allyourwishescometrue!A．canB．mayC．mustD．might答案B3．must/haveto(1)表“必須”。must強調主觀看法；haveto強調客觀需要。【例9】

①Thisisabadparty—Wereally________go.②Thisisalovelyparty,butwe________gobecauseofourbaby.A．mustB．mayC．canD．haveto答案①A②D(2)mustn't意為“禁止、不準”；haven'tto意為“不必”(＝needn't)。【例10】You________practicethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A．haven'tto B．mightn'tC．mustn't D．won't答案C(3)must表“偏要、硬要”。【例11】Why________youalwaysinterruptme?A．canB．willC．mayD．must答案C【例12】—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou________，chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A．shouldB．couldC．mayD．must答案D(4)以must開頭的一般疑問句，若要作否定回答，常用needn't或haven'tto，一般不用mustn't。【例13】—MustIcomeatfouro'clock?—Oh，no.You________comeatfour.A．won'tB．needn'tC．can'tD．mustn't答案B4．oughtto/should(1)意為“應該”，表義務或責任，oughtto的語氣比should稍重。【例14】It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack________behereatanymoment.A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can答案C(2)should表“竟然、萬一”。【例15】Youcan'timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman________besorudetoalady.A．mightB．needC．shouldD．would答案C【例16】Ifyou________haveanydifficultyingettingspareparts,ringthisnumber.A．oughtto B．shouldC．will D．would答案B5．need(1)意為“需要”，作情態動詞用時，須跟動詞原形，無人稱、數、時態的變化，一般只用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用作行為動詞。【例17】—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A．mustn't B．maynotC．can't D．needn't答案D【例18】Idon'tthinkhe________anewcomputer.A．needtobuy B．needsbuyC．needbuy D．need答案C(2)以need開頭的一般疑問句，若要作肯定回答，常用must，一般不用need。【例19】—NeedIcome?—Yes,you________.A．needB．mustC．needn'tD．mustn't答案B6．dare意為“敢”，作情態動詞用時，須跟動詞原形，有過去式(dared)，無人稱、數的變化，主要用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行為動詞。【例20】Iwonderhowhe________thattotheteacher.A．daretosay B．daresayingC．notdaresay D．daredsay答案D【例21】She________tellthebossbecauseshedoesn'twanttomaketrouble.A．doesn'tdareto B．notdareC．daren'tto D．daresnotto答案A7．shall(1)用于疑問句中征求意見，主語是第一、三人稱。【例22】Let'sgoshopping,________we?A．don'tB．willC．shallD．mustn't答案C【例23】ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.________theywaithereoroutside?A．DoB．WillC．ShallD．Would答案C(2)用于陳述句中表示說話人的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令等，主語多為第二、三人稱。【例24】—Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don'tworry.You________haveitbyFriday.(2010·江蘇)A．couldB．shallC．mustD．may答案B【例25】—Mikeisabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe________answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A．shallB．willC．wouldD．can答案A8．will/would(1)用于征求意見，主語是第二人稱。【例26】—________youbeherewhenwegetback?—Surely.A．ShallB．WillC．DoD．Mustn't答案B(2)表“意志、意愿”，用于各種人稱。主語若為無生命的東西，won't不表意愿，而是“就是不……”之意。【例27】Ipushedthesecond-handcarinthemudwithmyfullstrength,butit________move.A．won'tB．wouldn'tC．mightn'tD．couldn't答案B(3)表“習慣”，will指現在的習慣，would指過去的習慣。【例28】Whenhewasthere,he________gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A．would B．shouldC．hadbetter D．might答案A(二)情態動詞表推測的用法推測現在的情況，后接動詞原形；推測正在進行的情況，后接動詞的進行時；推測過去的情況，后接動詞的完成時。1．must只用于肯定句中，意為“一定”。【例29】—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You________beMrs.Peter.(2010·北京)A．mightB．mustC．wouldD．can答案B【例30】Ididn'thearthephone.I________asleep.A．mustbe B．musthavebeenC．shouldbe D．shouldhave答案B【例31】—DoyouknowwhatTomisdoingatthecrossroads?—He________forhisgirlfriend.A．shouldwait B．mustbewaitingC．canhavewaited D．mightwaiting答案B2．can/could多用于否定句或疑問句中，二者一般沒有時間上的差異，只是could的語氣更客氣委婉。can't/couldn't意為“不可能”。【例32】I'mafraidMr.Harding________seeyounow.He'sbusy.

(2010·全國Ⅱ)A．can't B．mustn'tC．shouldn't D．needn't答案A【例33】—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.A．can'tbe B．shouldn'tbeC．mustn'thavebeen D．couldn'thavebeen答案D【例34】TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit________beveryslow.A．shouldB．mustC．willD．can答案D3．may/might用于肯定句或否定句中，might不是may的過去式，只是might的可能性比may小。maynot/mightn't意為“可能不”。【例35】Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A．mustB．mayC．canD．will答案B【例36】—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe________not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A．mustB．mightC．canD．need答案B【例37】—Ican'tunderstandwhyourbossislate.—He________theearlybus.A．couldmiss B．mayhavemissedC．canhavemissed D．mightmiss答案B4．oughtto/should意為“按理應該”。【例38】—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They________bereadyby12∶00.A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need答案B(三)“情態動詞＋havedone”的虛擬用法1．oughtto/shouldhavedone表示過去本應該做而實際上未做，含有責備的口氣。【例39】I________havewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山東)A．shouldn'tB．needn'tC．couldn'tD．mustn't答案A【例40】—I'lltellMaryabouttheresultofherfinalexamination.—You________heryesterday.A．oughttotell B．maytellC．wouldhavetold D．oughttohavetold答案D2．couldhavedone表示過去本能夠做而實際上未做，含有責備或遺憾之意。【例41】—You________yourteacherforhelp.Heiskind－hearted.—Yes.Awholedaywaswasted.A．can B．musthaveaskedC．couldhaveasked D．shouldn'thaveasked答案C3．mighthavedone表示過去本可以做而實際上未做，含有責備或遺憾之意。【例42】He________youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A．mighthavegiven B．mightgiveC．mayhavegiven D．maygive答案A4．needn'thavedone表示過去本沒有必要做，但實際上做了，含有遺憾之意。【例43】Mark________havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly. (2010·天津)A．needn'tB．wouldn'tC．mustn'tD．couldn't答案A【例44】Shewastoonervoustoreply,butfortunatelyshe________anything.A．didn'tneedtosay B．needn'thavesaidC．needn'tsay D．doesn'tneedtosay答案A二、虛擬語氣(一)虛擬條件句的三種基本類型1．若與現在事實相反，條件從句的謂語用一般過去時(be通常用were)，主句謂語用“would(should，could，might)＋動詞原形”。【例45】Ifplaces________alike,there________littleneedforgeographers.A．are；shouldbe B．are；willbeC．were；be D．were；wouldbe答案D2．若與過去事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去完成時，主句謂語用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋過去分詞”。【例46】Ifhe________，he________thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A．waswarned；wouldnottakeB．hadbeenwarned；wouldnothavetakenC．wouldbewarned；hadnottakenD．wouldhavebeenwarned；hadnottaken答案B3．若與將來事實相反，條件從句的謂語用一般過去時(be通常用were)或should＋動詞原形或wereto＋動詞原形，主句謂語用“would(should，could，might)＋動詞原形”。【例47】Whatwouldhappeniftheearth________stopturning?A．willB．wouldC．couldD．wereto答案D【例48】—Ithinkit________muchbetterifhe________ajobsoon.—Yes,Iagreewithyou.A．wouldbe；got B．is；willgetC．wouldhavebeen；hadgot D．willbe；got答案A注：當條件從句使用“should＋動詞原形”這樣的謂語時，主句也可用陳述語氣或祈使句。【例49】Letmeknowifyou________somemorenews.A．heard B．wouldhearC．shouldhear D．weretohear答案C【例50】Ifyou________interested,I________youthewholestory.A．shouldbe；willtell B．wereto；willtellC．were；willtell D．are；wouldtell答案A(二)錯綜時間虛擬條件句所謂錯綜時間虛擬條件句即條件從句與主句所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句卻指現在或將來，此時應根據具體的語境，結合上面提到的三種基本類型對時態作出相應的調整。【例51】Weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrowifwe________everythingreadybynow.A．haven'tgot B．hadn'tgotC．didn't D．don'tget答案B【例52】Ifhe________quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A．lies B．layC．hadlain D．shouldlie答案C(三)含蓄虛擬條件句假設情況不用if從句來表示，而是用without，butfor，otherwise，or，but等表示一種含蓄條件。表示與現在或將來相反，用“would(should，could，might)＋動詞原形”；表示與過去相反用“would(should，could，might)＋have＋過去分詞”。【例53】Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnight________forustolive.A．wouldbefreezingcoldB．willbefreezingcoldlyC．wouldbefrozencoldD．canfreezecoldly答案A【例54】Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball.Otherwisehe________agoal.A．hadscored B．scoredC．wouldscore D．wouldhavescored答案D【例55】Butforthestorm,we________earlier.A．willarrive B．shouldhavearrivedC．arrive D．arrived答案B(四)虛擬語氣的省略與倒裝有時可將連詞if省略，而將從句中的were，should，had提到主語之前。【例56】Whatwouldhavehappened,________，asfarastheriverbank?A．BobhadwalkedfartherB．ifBobshouldwalkfartherC．hadBobwalkedfartherD．ifBobwalkedfarther答案C【例57】________youbefired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A．WouldB．ShouldC．WereD．Will答案B【例58】________takengoodcareof,hewouldnothaverecoveredsoquickly.A．Hashebeennot B．HadhenotbeenC．Hasnothebeen D．Hadhebeennot答案B(五)使用虛擬語氣的幾種從句1．wish后的賓語從句和ifonly后的句子：表示與現在事實相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時；表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或“would(could)＋have＋過去分詞”；表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現的愿望，常用“would(could)＋動詞原形”。【例59】HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!A．has B．hadC．willhave D．hashad答案B【例60】IwishI________youyesterday.A．seen B．sawC．hadseen D．weretosee答案C【例61】Ifonlyhe________whatItellhim,buthewon't.A．haddone B．wouldhavedoneC．woulddo D．hasdone答案C2．asif/asthough引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句：表示與現在事實相反，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進行時；表示與過去事實相反，用過去完成時；表示將來的可能性不大，用“would(could)＋動詞原形”。【例62】Itseemsasifthesun________roundtheearthsinceitrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.A．circles B．iscirclingC．werecircling D．hasbeencircling答案C注：若從句所說的內容可能為事實，也可用陳述語氣。【例63】Thelastbushasleft.Itseemsasifwe________towalkhome.A．shallhave B．hadC．wouldhave D．hadhad答案A3．It's(high/about)time后的定語從句：從句謂語通常用一般過去時或“should＋動詞原形”(should不可省)。【例64】—Istillhaven'tthankedAuntLucyforherpresent.—It'stimeyou________it.A．doB．didC．hadD．would答案B4．wouldrather后的賓語從句：通常用一般過去時表示現在或將來的愿望，用過去完成時表示過去的愿望。【例65】Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhe________moreonitsculture.(2010·江蘇)A．focus B．focusedC．wouldfocus D．hadfocused答案B5．一個“堅持”(insist)、兩個“命令”(order，command)、三個“建議”(advise，suggest，propose)、四個“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)后的賓語從句：一般用”should＋動詞原形”(should可省)。【例66】Thejudgeorderedthatthethief________punished.A．wouldbe B．shouldbeC．wastobe D．mustbe答案B【例67】He________thathecouldfinishthejobwithoutanyhelp.A．claimed B．requiredC．demanded D．asked答案A注：動詞insist，suggest后的賓語從句除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，區別是：若從句內容尚未成為事實，用虛擬語氣；從句內容已經成為事實，用陳述語氣

【例68】Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand________free.A．did；set B．haddone；shouldbesetC．do；beset D．does；wouldbeset答案B【