【講座】高中英語概要寫作視角分享

高中英語概要寫作視角分享1本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。評分時，先根據所寫概要的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要去來衡量、確定或調整檔次，最后給分。詞數少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。評分時，應主要從以下四個方面考慮...拼寫與標點符號是語言準確性的一個重要方面，評分時，應視其對交際的影響程度予以考慮。如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分數降低一個檔次。1④評分時，應主要從以下四個方面考慮：對原文要點的理解和呈現情況；應用語法結構和詞匯的準確性；上下文的連貫性；對各要點表達的獨立性情況。檔次描述第五檔(21-25)—理解準確，涵蓋全部要點。—能準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯。—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊。—完全使用自己的語言。

整體閱讀提煉歸納解讀文本大Passage理解準確，涵蓋全部要點。小Passage—能準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯。—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使所完成的概要結構緊湊。—完全使用自己的語言。12UPW要點守恒擴詞成句壓縮文本提煉關鍵詞WS增色添彩連句成篇SP2—理解準確，涵蓋全部要點。—能準確使用相應的語法結構和詞匯。—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使結構緊湊。—完全使用自己的語言。—有效地使用了語句間的連接成分,使結構緊湊。第一步PW整體閱讀怎么找？直接提取法間接整合法直接間接混合法找什么？transitionalwordskeywords回視語篇詞拼圖還原語篇主要脈絡

第一步PW之直接提取法[例1]（節選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hissold-outreadingsattractedthousandsoffans,leadinghimtocomplainabouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuchthesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.

第一步PW之間接整合法[例2]（節選自2014年四川卷·閱讀理解E篇）

Generally,peoplebelievethatthehormoneoxytocinisletoutinourbodyinvarioussocialsituationsandourbodycreatesalargeamountofitduringpositivesocialinteractionssuchasfallinginloveorgivingbirth.ButinapreviousexperimentProfessorRyanfoundthatthehormoneisalsoletoutinourbodyduringnegativesocialinteractionssuchasenvy.

第一步PW之直接間接混合法[例3]（節選自Module6Unit2Poems）

Therearevariousreasonswhypeoplewritepoetry.Somepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgiveastrongimpression.Otherstrytoconveycertainemotions.Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetrytoexpressthemselves.

第二步

WS要點守恒簡單句：同義替換復合句：詞的精確句的達意第二步WS之同義替換[例1]（節選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Thetrackingproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.Peoplehavebeencrazyabout/obsessedwith

chasingcelebritiesforalongtime.Thecrazeforfollowingcelebritiesstartedlongago.trackingcelebritiesforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,inthe19thcentury,the1920sand1930s

第二步WS之同義替換[例2]（節選自2014年四川卷·閱讀理解E篇）Thehormoneoxytocinisreleasedinnegativeaswellaspositivesocialcontacts.

Generally,thehormoneoxytocinletoutpositiveButnegativesocialinteractions

[例3]（節選自Module6Unit2Poems）

reasonswritepoetry.SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions.第二步WS之同義替換Peoplecomposepoemsfordifferentpurposes,somedescriptivewhileothersemotional.Poemsstemfrompeople'sintentions

of

sharingstoriesorfeelings.Poetryspringsfrompeople'sdesirestodepictthings,ortoportrayemotions.

[例3]（節選自Module6Unit2Poems）

reasonswritepoetry.SomedescribeOthersconveycertainemotions.第二步WS之同義替換Peoplewrite

poemsofvariousformstogivetheirpersonalaccountsofsomethingorconveytheirfeelings.

——2016.4.22湖州中學省教研員葛炳芳老師縮寫版本句內連接（要點內部）（1）詞連接（2）句型連接（3）語法結構連接要點守恒簡單句：同義替換復合句：詞的精確句的達意同義替換

第二步

WS第二步WS之句內連接（要點內部）[例4]（節選自2013年北京卷·閱讀理解C篇）

Althoughbeingfamousmightsoundlikeadreamcometrue,today’sstars,feelinglikezooanimals,facepressuresthatfewofuscanimagine.Theyareatthecenterofmuchoftheworld’sattention.Paparazzicampoutsidetheirhomes,camerasready.Tabloidspublishthrillingstoriesabouttheirpersonallives.Justimaginenotbeingabletodoanythingwithoutbeingphotographedorinterruptedforasignature.AccordingtopsychologistChristinaVillarreal，celebrities－famouspeople－worryconstantlyabouttheirpublicappearance.Eventually，theystarttolosetrackofwhotheyreallyare，seeingthemselvesthewaytheirfansimaginethem，notasthepeopletheywerebeforeeveryoneknewtheirnames.“Overtime,”Villarrealsays,“theyfeelseparatedandalone.”第二步WS之句內連接:詞連接

thecenterofattentioncelebritiesworrypublicappearacnelosetrack

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Sincecelebritiesarethefocusofmuchattentionandareoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,theystarttolosetheirownidentity.andthus;asaresult/consequence;consequently...第二步WS之句內連接:句型連接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Asthefocusofmuchattention,notonlyarecelebritiesoverlyconcernedabouttheirpublicimage,buttheyalsostarttolosethemselves.Asthefocusofmuchattention,celebritiesaresoconcernedabouttheirpublicimagethattheyevenstarttolosethemselvesontheroadtofame.第二步WS之句內連接:語法結構連接

Celebritiesarethefocusofmuchattention.Theyareveryconcernedabouttheirpublicimageandstarttolosetheirownidentity.Celebrities,thefocusofmuchattention,areparticularlyattentivetotheirpublicimage,someevenlosingtheirtrueselves.Chasedaroundnearlyallthetime,celebrities,whostrivetoliveuptothepublicexpectations,evengetlostontheroadtofame.第三步SP句際連接（要點與要點之間）（1）增加連接詞（2）采用連接句（3）應用篇章結構語篇同構銜接自然行文流暢第三步SP連接之增加連接詞邏輯關系連接詞表轉折yet;but;while;however;nevertheless;whereas;although;though;despitethefactthat;inspiteof;onthecontrary;ontheotherhand;evenso;incontrast;instead;unlike;differentfrom;...表因果therefore;so;asaresult/consequence;consequently;hence;thus;accordingly;inthisway;becauseof;dueto;thanksto;owingto...表遞進what'smore;what'sworse;worsestill;besides;inaddition;moreover;also;furthermore;notonly...butalso;too...to表總結inshort;inbrief;briefly;tosumup;onthewhole;inconclusion;inaword...其他副詞hopefully;sadly;(un)fortunately;surprisingly...

[例5]（節選自2014年新課標I卷·閱讀理解A篇）

Atypicalliontamerinpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhipandachair.Thewhipgetalloftheattention,butit’smostlyforshow.Inreality,it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface,theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided,thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions,thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion?Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve(e.g.loseweight,startabusiness,travelmore)–onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.第三步SP連接之采用連接句Infaceofthefourlegsofawavingchair,alionstaysstill,unabletodecidewhichonetoconcentrateon,________________________________.Whenconfrontedwithnumerouschoices,peopletendtoshrinkback,makingnoadvances.第三步SP連接之采用連接句asisoftenthecasewithhumans[例6]（選自2015年廣東卷·閱讀理解C篇）DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.WetendtoblameTV,hesays,forproblemsitdoesn’treallycause,overlookingourownrolesinshapingchildren’sminds.Onetraditionalbeliefabouttelevisionisthatitreducesachild’sabilitytothinkandtounderstandtheworld.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages.Instead,theylearnbothexplicitandhiddenmeaningsfromwhattheysee.Actually,childrenlearnearlythepsychologyofcharactersinTVshows.Furthermore,asmanyteachersagree,childrenunderstandfarmorewhenparentswatchTVwiththem,explainingnewwordsandideas.Yet,mostparentsuseaneducationalprogramasachancetoparktheirkidsinfrontofthesetanddosomethinginanotherroom.Anotherargumentagainsttelevisionisthatitreplacesreadingasaformofentertainment.ButaccordingtoAnderson,theamountoftimespentwatchingtelevisionisnotrelatedtoreadingability.TVdoesn’ttaketheplaceofreadingformostchildren;ittakestheplaceofsimilarsortsofrecreation,suchaslisteningtotheradioandplayingsports.Thingslikeparents’educationalbackgroundhaveastrongerinfluenceonachild’sreading.“Achild’sreadingabilityisbestpredictedbyhowmuchaparentreads.”Andersonsay