《城軌線路智慧運維》實訓項目：鐵路軌道結構（ 雙語）

《城市軌道交通線路養護與維修》課程實訓學院城軌工程學院專業城市軌道交通工程技術教研室城軌教研室授課班級鐵成軌道3241授課教師張林2026年2月3日

實訓項目：鐵路軌道結構認識實踐教學任務書PracticalTrainingProject1:TaskBookforRailwayTrackStructureRecognition一、任務基本信息I.BasicTaskInformation（一）任務名稱：鐵路軌道結構認識TaskName:RailwayTrackStructureRecognition（二）任務類型：□驗證性實訓?綜合性實訓□設計性研究2.TaskType:□VerificationExperiment?ComprehensiveTraining□DesignResearch（三）計劃學時：2學時3.PlannedHours:2hours（四）關聯項目：鐵路軌道工程施工、軌道養護與維修、鐵路線路檢測技術4.RelatedProjects:RailwayTrackConstruction,TrackMaintenanceandRepair,RailwayLineInspectionTechnology二、任務描述與目標II.TaskDescriptionandObjectives（一）任務描述1.TaskDescription本任務通過實地觀摩、工具測量、分組協作等方式，讓學生認識鐵路軌道核心部件的結構、類型及功能，掌握軌縫寬度、軌枕間距的簡易測量方法與數據記錄規范，理解軌道部件協同工作邏輯，培養軌道結構認知核心能力與安全作業意識，為后續軌道施工、養護課程奠定實踐基礎。Thistaskenablesstudentstorecognizethestructures,typesandfunctionsofcorerailwaytrackcomponentsthroughon-siteobservation,toolmeasurementandgroupcollaboration.Ithelpsstudentsmastersimplemeasurementmethodsforrailgapwidthandsleeperspacing,aswellasdatarecordingstandards,understandthecollaborativeworkinglogicoftrackcomponents,developcoreabilitiesfortrackstructurerecognitionandsafeoperationawareness,andlayapracticalfoundationforsubsequenttrackconstructionandmaintenancecourses.（二）能力目標2.CompetencyObjectives專業能力目標：掌握軌道核心部件識別方法與鋼板尺測量規范，能準確區分部件類型、規范測量參數并填寫記錄單，判斷部件基本狀態。ProfessionalCompetencyObjectives:Masteridentificationmethodsforcoretrackcomponentsandsteelrulermeasurementstandards;accuratelydistinguishcomponenttypes,standardizeparametermeasurementandfilloutrecordsheets;judgethebasicconditionofcomponents.方法能力目標：能借助認知手冊自主辨識部件、排查混淆點，學會調整測量角度解決簡單誤差問題，梳理實訓核心邏輯。MethodologicalCompetencyObjectives:Independentlyidentifycomponentsandresolveconfusingpointsusingtherecognitionmanual;learntoadjustmeasurementanglestosolvesimpleerrorissues;sortoutthecorelogicofpracticaltraining.社會能力目標：具備小組分工協作與高效溝通能力，嚴守實訓安全規范，對測量數據與實訓成果承擔責任，主動配合復核工作。SocialCompetencyObjectives:Possessabilitiesforgroupdivisionoflabor,collaborationandefficientcommunication;strictlyabidebypracticaltrainingsafetyregulations;takeresponsibilityformeasurementdataandtrainingresults;activelycooperateinreviewwork.三、知識預備III.PreparatoryKnowledge（一）核心概念1.CoreConcepts鋼軌、軌枕、道床、聯結零件、防爬設備、軌道扣件、道岔基礎部件；Rail,sleeper,ballast,connectingparts,anti-creepdevices,trackfasteners,basicturnoutcomponents;軌縫、軌枕間距、測量誤差。Railgap,sleeperspacing,measurementerror.（二）關鍵原理2.KeyPrinciples軌道各部件協同承載、導向、固定的工作原理；Workingprincipleofcollaborativeload-bearing,guidingandfixingofalltrackcomponents;簡易測量中點位選取與誤差控制原理；Principleofpointselectionanderrorcontrolinsimplemeasurement;道岔轉向功能的結構支撐原理。Structuralsupportprinciplefortheturningfunctionofturnouts.（三）預習要求3.Pre-classPreparationRequirements提前研讀《鐵路軌道結構認知手冊》，熟記軌道核心部件名稱及外觀特征；StudytheRailwayTrackStructureRecognitionManualinadvanceandmemorizethenamesandappearancecharacteristicsofcoretrackcomponents;了解鋼板尺基本使用方法；Understandthebasicusageofsteelrulers;預習軌道安全作業基本規范，標注疑問點。Previewbasicsafetyoperationregulationsfortracksandmarkdoubtfulpoints.四、核心實訓方法概要與訓練IV.OverviewandTrainingofCorePracticalTrainingMethods試驗方法適用階段或場景基本原理關鍵控制點目視識別法VisualRecognitionMethod軌道所有核心部件，實訓基地實地場景。Allcoretrackcomponents,on-sitescenarioattrainingbase.對照認知手冊，通過部件外觀、標識、安裝位置區分類型，判斷完好狀態。Distinguishtypesandjudgeintactconditionbycomponentappearance,markingsandinstallationpositionagainsttherecognitionmanual.關鍵：對照手冊精準比對；明確易混淆部件（尖軌/基本軌）差異；標注部件缺陷。Key:Accuratecomparisonwiththemanual;clarifydifferencesbetweeneasilyconfusedcomponents(switchrail/stockrail);markcomponentdefects.鋼板尺測量法SteelRulerMeasurementMethod軌縫寬度、軌枕間距測量，實訓區段軌道。Measurementofrailgapwidthandsleeperspacing,trackintrainingsection.對準測量基準，規范讀取數值，通過多點測量取均值控制誤差。Alignwitheasurementreference,readvaluesstandardly,andcontrolerrorsbyaveragingmulti-pointmeasurements.關鍵：測量點位居中準確；讀數視線垂直尺面；記錄誤差范圍并復核。Key:Accuratecenteringofmeasurementpoints;perpendicularlineofsighttorulersurfacewhenreading;recorderrorrangeandreview.注意：本任務書以目視識別法與鋼板尺測量法為核心，適用于實訓基地實地軌道結構認知與基礎參數測量。Note:Thistaskbookfocusesonvisualrecognitionmethodandsteelrulermeasurementmethod,applicabletoon-sitetrackstructurerecognitionandbasicparametermeasurementatthetrainingbase.五、任務實施詳細規程V.DetailedImplementationProcedures（一）儀器設備與耗材清單1.ListofInstruments,EquipmentandConsumables核心設備：鋼板尺10把（每組1把，量程50cm，精度1mm）；CoreEquipment:10steelrulers(1pergroup,range50cm,precision1mm);輔助設備：軌道部件實物若干；軌道部件圖冊1冊；AuxiliaryEquipment:Severalphysicaltrackcomponents;1trackcomponentatlas;工具與耗材：《鐵路軌道結構認知手冊》10份（每組1份）；《軌道結構認知記錄單》50份；安全帽50頂；防滑手套50副。ToolsandConsumables:10copiesofRailwayTrackStructureRecognitionManual(1pergroup);50copiesofTrackStructureRecognitionRecordSheet;50safetyhelmets;50pairsofanti-slipgloves.（二）操作步驟詳解2.DetailedOperationSteps1.準備階段（10分鐘）1.PreparationStage(10minutes)50人分10組（每組5人），推選組長，領取設備與防護用品，穿戴整齊并核對物資完整性；教師強調安全紅線與實訓任務。50studentsaredividedinto10groups(5pergroup).Eachgroupelectsagroupleader,collectsequipmentandprotectivegear,wearsthemproperlyandchecksthecompletenessofmaterials.Theinstructoremphasizessafetyredlinesandtrainingtasks.2.示范學習（20分鐘）2.DemonstrationandLearning(20minutes)集中觀摩教師演示部件識別要點、鋼板尺測量規范及記錄方法，組長匯總小組疑問，教師集中解答。Studentsobservetheinstructor’sdemonstrationofkeypointsforcomponentrecognition,steelrulermeasurementstandardsandrecordingmethods.Groupleaderscollectgroupquestions,andtheinstructoranswersthemcollectively.3.分組實操（50分鐘）3.GroupPracticalOperation(50minutes)每組對應獨立實訓區段，按“主認知員-測量員-安全員-輔助員-記錄員”輪崗（每崗10分鐘），完成3項工作：（1）識別各部件并標注類型；（2）測量3處軌縫寬度與軌枕間距，取均值；（3）規范填寫記錄單，組長牽頭復核。Eachgroupisassignedanindependenttrainingsection.Rotaterolesas"MainRecognizer-Measurer-SafetyOfficer-Assistant-Recorder"(10minutesperrole)tocomplete3tasks:(1)Identifyallcomponentsandmarktheirtypes;(2)Measurerailgapwidthandsleeperspacingat3locationsandcalculatetheaverage;(3)Fillouttherecordsheetstandardly,withthegroupleaderleadingthereview.4.總結收尾（10分鐘）4.SummaryandClosing(10minutes)配合教師現場抽查考核，上交記錄單與設備，清理實訓區域，傾聽點評與知識梳理。Cooperatewiththeinstructorforon-sitespotchecksandassessments,submitrecordsheetsandequipment,cleanthetrainingarea,andlistentocommentsandknowledgesorting.（三）數據記錄、處理與計算規范3.SpecificationsforDataRecording,ProcessingandCalculation記錄規范：記錄單需標注小組、姓名、實訓區段，清晰填寫部件名稱、類型、狀態，測量數據保留1位小數，注明測量點位。RecordingStandards:Therecordsheetmustindicategroup,nameandtrainingsection;clearlyfillincomponentname,typeandcondition;measurementdataretain1decimalplace;markmeasurementpoints.數據處理：軌枕間距取3處測量值的算術平均值，軌縫寬度直接記錄單次測量值，同步標注允許誤差范圍（±1mm）。DataProcessing:Sleeperspacingtakesthearithmeticmeanof3measurements;railgapwidthdirectlyrecordsasinglemeasurement,withtheallowableerrorrange(±1mm)markedsimultaneously.成果核對：組長對照實物與記錄單復核，確保部件識別無偏差、數據填寫無遺漏，發現問題立即修正。ResultVerification:Thegroupleaderreviewsagainstphysicalcomponentsandrecordsheetstoensurenoerrorsincomponentrecognitionandnoomissionsindatafilling;correctproblemsimmediatelyiffound.六、實訓報告要求VI.PracticalTrainingReportRequirements實訓結束后1個工作日內提交，需包含數據記錄單復印件、實訓總結（不少于300字）。Submitwithin1workingdayaftertrainingcompletion,includingacopyofthedatarecordsheetandatrainingsummary(nolessthan300words).七、考核標準（總分100分）VII.AssessmentStandards(TotalScore:100Points)考核項目分值評分標準部件識別ComponentRecognition30分30pts部件識別準確（30分）、基本準確（20~29分）、部分準確（10~19分）、不準確（0~9分）Accuraterecognition(30pts),basicallyaccurate(20~29pts),partiallyaccurate(10~19pts),inaccurate(0~9pts)測量操作與記錄填寫MeasurementOperationandRecordFilling30分30pts測量規范、誤差達標（15分）；記錄完整可追溯（15分）Standardmeasurementandqualifiederror(15pts);completeandtraceablerecords(15pts)實訓報告PracticalTrainingReport30分30pts書寫規范（15分）；內容完整（10分）；報告質量（5分）Standardwriting(15pts);completecontent(10pts);reportquality(5pts)職業素養與團隊協作ProfessionalismandTeamwork10分10pts分工協作高效（4分）；嚴守安全規范、穿戴防護用品（4分）；對成果負責、主動復核（2分）Efficientdivisionoflaborandcollaboration(4pts);strictcompliancewithsafetyregulationsandwearingprotectivegear(4pts);responsibleforresultsandactivereview(2pts)總分TotalScore100分100pts/考核方式：過程性評價（60分，含教師巡視記錄、小組互評）+終結性評價（40分，含報告批改、現場抽查）。AssessmentMethod:Formativeassessment(60pts,includinginstructorinspectionrecordsandgrouppeerreview)+summativeassessment(40pts,includingreportgradingandon-sitespotchecks).教師簽字：___________Instructor’sSignature:___________

鐵路軌道結構認識實訓報告PracticalTrainingReportonRailwayTrackStructureRecognition班級：___________學號：______________姓名：___________Class:___________StudentID:___________Name:___________1.有砟軌道與無砟軌道/BallastedTrackandBallastlessTrack2.鋼軌/Rail3.軌枕/Sleeper4.連接零件/ConnectingParts5.軌道扣件/TrackFasteners6.道床/BallastBed7.道岔/Turnout

實訓項目：鐵路軌道結構認識評分表ScoringSheetforPracticalTrainingProject1:RailwayTrackStructureRecognition考核項目分值評分標準扣分說明得分操作規范性OperationStandardization40分40pts1.能準確識別軌道核心部件及道岔基礎部件，區分混凝土軌枕與木枕等類型；2.鋼板尺使用規范，測量軌縫、軌枕間距點位準確，誤差控制在±1mm內；3.操作流程符合實訓要求。1.Accuratelyidentifycoretrackcomponentsandbasicturnoutcomponents,distinguishtypessuchasconcretesleepersandwoodensleepers;2.Standarduseofsteelruler,accuratemeasurementpointsforrailgapandsleeperspacing,errorcontrolledwithin±1mm;3.Operationproceduresmeettrainingrequirements.1.部件識別錯誤1處扣5分；2.測量點位偏差、操作手法不規范每次扣3分；3.誤差超允許范圍每處扣4分；4.流程遺漏環節扣5分/項。1.5ptsdeductedfor1componentrecognitionerror;2.3ptsdeductedeachtimeformeasurementpointdeviationornon-standardoperation;3.4ptsdeductedperlocationforexceedingallowableerror;4.5ptsdeductedperomittedprocedure.數據記錄與處理DataRecordingandProcessing20分20pts1.記錄單填寫完整清晰；2.準確標注部件名稱、類型、狀態及測量數據；3.軌枕間距平均值計算正確，數據可追溯。1.Completeandclearfillingofrecordsheet;2.Accuratemarkingofcomponentname,type,conditionandmeasurementdata;3.Correctcalculationofsleeperspacingaverage,traceabledata.1.漏填關鍵信息1項扣2分；2.數據涂改、模糊不清每處扣3分；3.計算錯誤扣5分；4.無測量點位標注扣4分。1.2ptsdeductedpermissingkeyinformationitem;2.3ptsdeductedpererasedoruncleardata;3.5ptsdeductedforcalculationerror;4.4ptsdeductedfornomeasurementpointmarking.實訓報告質量PracticalTrainingReport