閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文 -備考高考二輪英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí) （原卷版）

專題18閱讀理解說(shuō)明文

備考2023年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)-測(cè)（原卷版）

時(shí)間50分鐘共30小題（每小題2分，共60分）

名校最新測(cè)試卷閱讀理解（說(shuō)明文）（共八篇）

1.（湖北省重點(diǎn)高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月聯(lián)考）

Ifyougodowntothewoodstoday,you'reinfbrabigsurprise:forthefirsttimeinthousandsofyearstherewill

bewildbisonroamingintheUK.

EarlytodaythreeEuropeanbisonaretobereleasedintoWestBleanandThomdenWoodsinKentinanattemptto

addresstheclimatecrisisandboostbiodiversity.

DonovanWright,abisonrangerwiththeWilderBleanProject—ajointendeavourbetweenKentWildlifeTrust

andWildwoodTrust—toldtheGuardianthefirstanimalstobereleasedwillbeaId-year-oldmatriarch（母野牛）and

twoyoungfemaleswhocomefromherdsinScotlandandIreland,respectively.AmalefromGermanyissettoarrivein

amonth.

Thehopeisthatthehugebeastswillactasnaturalengineers,withbehaviourssuchas（hefellingofcertaintrees一

aresultofthebisonstrippingthebarkofftoea（orrubbingtheirfuroffagainst（hem-givingarangeofplantand

animalspeciesachancetoprosper.

"Itopensupthecanopy（樹卮），allowingthelighttogothroughtothewoodlandfloor,“Wrightsaid,notingthatas

thebisonmovethroughtheundergrowththeycreatepathsabouthalfametrewide,whiletheyalsolovetodustbathe,

oftenreusingthesamesites.

“Thosebecomehomefbrsandlizardsandyourpioneeringplants/'saidWright,addingbisonthemselvesarelike

giantseedbanks."Astheymovetheycollectseeds,andthentheyarealsospreadingseedsalongtheroute/'hesaid,

notingaswildflowersspringup,theyattractinsectsandotherpollinators,withtheirseedsasourceoffoodforbirds.

TheprojectwillalsohelpwithconservationoftheEuropeanbison."In1927theywereclassifiedasextinctinthe

wildJsaidWright,addingtheteamhavegainedinspirationfromprojectsinothercountries,includingtheNetherlands,

wheretheEuropeanbisonhavebeenreintroduced.

YesterdaythethreefemalessettcbereleasedinKentwerefittedwith（rackingcollars,anapproachthatwillallow

theteamtoplottheanimals'inovemer.tsandgleaninsightsintotheplantstheyinteractwith.

EvanBowen-Jones,thechiefexecutiveofKentWildlifeTrust,said:"Therestorationofnaturallyfunctioning

ecosystemsisavitalandinexpensivetoolintacklingtheclimatecrisis.Thebisonwillhelptocreateclimate-resistant

landscapeswhichcanadapttothechallengespresentedbythecrisisweface.''

“WewantWilderBleantomarkthebeginningofanewerafbrconservationintheUK.Weneedtorevolutionise

thewaywerestorenaturallandscapes,relyinglessonhumaninterventionandmoreonnaturalengineerslikebison,

boarandbeaver.M

28.Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofreleasingthebison?

A.Providinghomeforsomeanimalsandplants.

B.Actingasseedbanks.

C.Attractinginsectsandotherpollinators.

D.Preventing(heEuropeanbisonfromdyingout.

29.Whatisthefunctionofthetrackingcollars?

A.Spreadingtheseeds.B.Protectingthebison.

B.Collectingthedata.D.Tacklingtheclimatecrisis.

30.WhatistheEvanBowen-Jones5attitudetowardstheproject?

A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Curious.D.Opposed.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.ThedevelopmentoftheEuropeanbison.

B.TheprojectofreleasingtheEuropeanbison.

C.Thewaytoboostbiodiversity.

D.TheprotectionoftheEuropeanbison.

2.(北京市中關(guān)村中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月統(tǒng)練一英語(yǔ)試題)

Therearemanythingswerememberfromourchildhood—thegamesweplayed,themusicwelistenedto,but

whataboutearningpocketmoney?Thiswasourfirsteverwageforcompletingtaskssuchastidyingourbedroomor

sortingthelaundry.Ourrewardwasahandfulofcoinsthatwesafelyhidaway.Butnow,itseemsparents'attitudeto

handingoutcashischanging.

Therewasatimewhencashwasking—itwasthemaincurrencyforfinancialdeals.Thesedays,though,using

creditordebitcards,ormakingcontactlesspayments,arethemostconvenientwaysofpaying.Sowheredoesthat

leavehandingoverpocketmoney?Researchhasfoundthat84%ofBritishparentscurrentlygivenotesandcoinsto

(heirchildren—typicallyanallowanceof￡7aweek.

Butbankspredictthatby2028onlyoneintendealswillbewithcash,andthatissomethingthattoday'schildren

willhavetodealwith.Oneparticularissueisthatchildrenmaynotunderstandthevalueofcashbecausetheyneversee

it.Parentsfacedifficultchoicestoo-findinganewwaytotransferpocketmoney,ormaybenotbotheringtopayitat

all.

Givingchildrenlessonsaboutfinanceatschoolisimportant.Childrenshouldbeprovidedwithfinancialliteracyat

anearlyage.Thalisvitaltoensurepropermoneymanagementskillslaterinlife,suchassettingarealisticbudget,

responsiblymanagingcreditanddebt,savingfbrunexpectedexpenses.TheUK'sMoneyandPensionsServiceadvises

parentstogetchildrenstartedwithmoneyasyoungaspossible.SarahPorrettafromtheservicetoldtheBBCthatfor

parentswhonolongercarrycash,“Thetrickistogoandgetsomecash,justsoyourchildrenhavetheopportunityto

interactwiththem.Talkaboutwhatyouaredoingwithmoney.Ifyouarepayingwithacardorwithaphone,talkto

childrenaboutthatandlinkitbacktothosecoinstheyhavehandled.”

But,ofcourse,manyofthegoodsthatyoungpeoplewanttobuy—suchasadd-onsfbracomputergame-only

allowdigitaldeals.Thishasledtoanumberofappsbeingse(up(hatallowchildren(otrackandspendtheir

hard-earnedpocketmoneyandparentstotransfermoneyelectronicallyandmonitortheirchild'sspending.Banksalso

suggestsettingupaccountsforolderchildrenwhichgivesthemacashcardtouse.Butwhatevermethodaparent

choosestoadopt,theyneedtoteachtheirkidsthatmoneydoesn'tgrowontrees!

42.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?

A.Thecustomofgivingchildrenpocketmoneyisdisappearing.

B.Bankspredictpeoplewillpaymostofthedealsincashby2028.

C.Itisn'tnecessaryforchildrentoexperiencethecourseofusingcash.

D.Cash-freepaymentsarcconvenientwaysofpurchasinggoodsthesedays.

43.Theunderlinedword“That”refersto.

A.digitaldeal

B.cashpayment

C.financialliteracy

D.pocketmoney

44.AccordingtoUK'sMoneyandPensionsService'sadvice,parentsshould.

A.offerchancesforchildrentousecash

B.nolongercarrycashwhentheygoout

C.playsometrickswithkidsusingthecoins

D.playcardsandmakephonecallswithchildren

45.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofpayingincash.

B.Tointroducethedevelopmentofpocketmoney.

C.Toexplainwhythewaysofpaymentarechanging.

D.Todevelopchildren'sawarenesscfmoneymanagement.

3.（廣東省汕頭市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中監(jiān)測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題）

Leather-makinginFlorencedatesbackhundredsofyearstothe13thcentury.Alookatleathercraftsmenin

FlorencewillhelpyouknowmoreaboutItalianleather.

Theleatherfactory-PIEROTUCCI

Joinafreetourofthefactoryandyou'llgetadeepdiveintotheprocessofmakingahandbag.Afterseeingwhatit

takestomakeabagbyhand,you'HnolongerwonderwhyPIEROTUCCIpricescomewithtwozerosattheend.And

you'l：knowthatifyoudospendthemoney,thebagwilllastforever

Theleathershoestore—STEFANOBEMER

STEFANOBEMERwasfamousforitshand-tailoredshoes.Theelegantstorethatsellsshoesthatcosthundreds,

andinsomecasesthousands,ofdollarsisalsowhereapprentices（學(xué)徒）learntheirskills:visibleinthefrontsectionof

thestore.

Theleatherschool一ScuoladelCuoio

WalkingintothecourtyardoftheScuoladelCuoiofeelsalittlelikewalkingontoaminicollegecampus.You

leavethebusystreetasyouenterthehistoricbuilding.Theschoolspecializesinmakingone-of-a-kindbagsandin

teachingpayingstudentsthesecretsofhigh-qualityleatherworking.

Thehookbinding（書籍裝訂）store------IlTorchio

IITorchioisabeautifulbookbindingstorerunbyErinCiulla.IfyouaskCiulla,shemighttakeyoutoseethe

“guillotine"，whichisactuallyaverylarge,antique-lookingmachinethat'susedtocutlargeamountsofpaper.Beyond

bindingwithleathercovers,Ciullaalsocoversbooks,journals,andphetoalbumsinhand-madepapers.

1.WhatisthemainreasonfbrPierotucci'shighprice?

A.Thespecialmaterial.B.Thehandmadeprocess.

C.Thehighcostofthevisit.D.Thelonghistoryofthefactory.

2.Whichplacesprovidetheopportunitytolearnleather-making?

A.PierotucciandIITorchio.B.SeuoladelCuoioandIITorchio.

C.PierotucciandStefanoBemer.D.StefanoBernerandScuoladelCuoio.

3.Whatcanyoudointhebookbindingstore?

A.Buyahigh-qualityleatherbag.

B.Buyanantique-lookingmachine.

C.Haveaphotoalburncoveredwithleather.

D.Have（heleathercoverscutbytheguillotine.

4.（湖北省重點(diǎn)高中智學(xué)聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月聯(lián)考）

Whenromanticpartnersargueoverthingslikefinances,jealousy,orotherinterpersonalissues,theytendto

employtheircurrentfeelingsasfuelforaheatedargument.Butthinkingaboutthefuturehelpsovercomerelationship

conflicts,accordingtoaUniversityofWaterloostudyjustpublishedonlineinSocialPsychologicalandPersonality

Science.AlexHuynh,adoctoralcandidateinpsychologyistheleadauthorofthestudy,whichhepublishedwithIgor

GrossmannfromtheUniversityofWaterloo,andDanielYangfromYaleUniversity.

Previousresearchhasshownthatthird-perspectivereasoningcanbeapositivestrategyfbrreconcilialion（調(diào)解）of

interpersonalstruggles.Huynhandhiscollaboratorsinvestigatedwhethersimilarbenefitcanbeinducedbysimply

thinkingaboutthefuture.Studyparticipantswereinstructedtoreflectonarecentconflictwitharomanticpartnerora

closefriend.Onegroupofparticipantswerethenaskedtodescribehowtheywouldfeelabouttheconflictoneyearin

thefuture,whileanothergroupwasaskedtodescribehowtheyfeelinthepresent.

Theteamexaminedparticipants'writtenresponsesthroughatext-analysisprogramfortheiruseofpronouns一

suchasI,me,she,he.Thesechoicesofpronounswereusedtocaptureparticipants'fbcusonthefeelingsandbehaviour

ofthoseinvolvedintheconflict.Writtenresponseswerealsoexaminedforforgivenessandrcintcrprc:ingtheconflict

morepositively,bothofwhichimpliedtheparticipants,useofreasoningstrategics.

Theresearchersfoundthatenvisioningfuturerelationshipaffectedbothparticipants,fbcusontheirfeelings,and

theirreasoningstrategies.Asaresult,participantsreportedmorepositivityabout（heirrelationshipaltogether,especially

whenstudyparticipantsextendedtheirthinkingabouttherelationshipayearintothefuture.

“Ourstudydemonstratesthatadoptingafuture-orientedperspectiveinthecontextofarelationshipconflict一

reflectingonhowonemightfeelayearfromnow—maybeavaluablecopingtoolforone'spsychologicalhappiness

andrelationshipwell-being/'saidHuynh.

32.Whatdoromanticpartnersdoinfaceofmostdisagreements?

A.Theylosefaithintheirfuture.B.Theyfocusontheirpresentfeelings.

C.Theylookforwardtoafierceconflict.D.Theycaremoreaboutfinancialproblems.

33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“induced”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?

A.Caused.B.Explained.

C.Reduced.D.Improved.

34.Whatdowcknowaboutthestudy?

A.Allthestudyparticipantsdescribedhowtheyfeltbothinthepresentandinthefuture.

B.Studyparticipantsdescribedtheirrecentrelationshipwiththeirromancepartnersorfriends.

C.Atexl-analysisprogramwasemployedtoexamineparticipants'useofnegativewords.

D.Thereasoningstrategiesinparticipants'writtenresponseswerewellworthyofnote.

35.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.Youhaveayeartosolveyourinterpersonalproblems!

B.Thinkingaboutfutureisessentialforrelationshipmaintenance!

C.Yourcurrentfeelingsaretherealcauseofyourheatedarguments!

D.Beneficialreasoningisapositivestrategyfbrreconciliation!

5.（2022-2023學(xué)年廣西9月聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題）

Springisjustaroundthecorner,butifyouaretiredofsunflowers,tulips（郁金香）andotherstandardgardens,

whynotheadtooneofthesemysteriousandwonderfulbotanicalgardens?

ButchartGardens,BritishColumbia,Canada

Oneoftherarestflowersyou'llfindatButchartGardensistheMeconopsis,otherwiseknownasIheTibetanblue

poppy.Themostimpressiveflowerscanbefoundintheborders,whereyou'llfindoveronemillionbeddingplants.

Andalthoughthegardensarcfamousfortheirperennials（多年生植物）,300,000spring-floweringplantsarcgrown

everyyear,andover900varietiesofplantsarcgrownforthesummergardensalone.

KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGarden,CapeTown,SouthAfrica

KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGardenisoneofahandfulofbotanicgardenstogrowonlynativeplants.Some

ofthemostpopularvarietiesincludethekingprotea.whichproducesenormousflowersbetweenautumnandsummer,

andtheraresilvertree,asilky-leavedplant,whichexpertsbelievecouldbecomeextinctinthenext50years.

DenverBotanicGardens,Colorado,US

OncenativetoSouthAfrica,theseoddiy-namedflowersarcfamouslydrought-hardy,makingthemperfectforthis

partofNorthAmerica.Thisgardenisoneofthefewtofocusondraught-tolerantplantsfromColoradoandthe

grasslandsofAfrica,MongoliaandArgentina.Infact,Coloradoishometoninespeciesofendangeredplant,and

severalcanbefoundhere.

Arctic-AlpineBotanicGarden,Tromso,Norway

Visittheworld'snorthernmostbotanicalgardenandyou'llfindabreathtakingcollectionofplantsfromtheworld's

polarandmountainousregionsincluding,intheHimalayasection,theraregiantTibetanbluepoppy,withitshuge

flowersandmetre-highstem.You'llalsoseetheWilandcrbuttercup,whichcanonlybefoundinthequiteterribleareas

ofSvalbard,sunforgivingicyislands.

1.Whichbotanicalgardenonlyplantslocalspecies?

A.Arctic-AlpineBotanicGarden.B.DenverBotanicGardens.

C.ButchartGardens.D.KirstenboschNationalBotanicalGarden.

2.WhichistypicaloftheTibetanbluepoppy?

A.Rareandhot-tolerant.B.Smellyandill-looking.

C.Largeandtall.D.Endiingcrcdandcolorful.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.lbanalyzethefeaturesofplants.B.Tbmakeanadvertisement.

C.TDprotecttheendangeredplants.D.Tointroducesomefantasticgardens.

6.（遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次月考英語(yǔ)試題）

Whenyouswimonthebeachandsea,haveyoueveraccidentallydrunktheseawater?Howdiditfeel?Itmust

have:astedsalty.So,whyistheseawatersalty?

Seawateriswaterthatcomesfromtheocean.Seawatercanbesaltybecauseitcontainsanaveragesaltcontentof3.5%.

Thisisalsoaplaceforthesaltfarmerstoproducecookingsaltandothersalt.

Sometheoriesexplainthatseawaterconicsfromrainwaterthatfallsandflowsthroughriversandestuaries（河口）

wheretheseawaterwillbefullyfilledandagainformedcloudsbecausethesteamusesthehelpofthesun.Whenwe

talkaboutthis,wetalkabouttherainwatercycle.Butwhentherainwatercycleoccurs,thewaterthatpassesthrough

（herivercarriesmineralsalts.Thesemineralsailsareobtainedfromvariousplacesofthelandstartingfromrocksand

soilsthat（herainwaterflowsthrough,theseremainingmineralsaltsmakeseawatersalty,sothesalinityofseawateris

differentineachpartoftheworld.Butitiscertainthatseawaterissail、orhashighsalinity.

ThesaltiestseaintheworldistheRedSea.Therethetemperatureisextremelyhotsothatevaporation（蒸發(fā)）is

greatlycarriedout.Highevaporation,coupledwithlittlerainfallandlittleinputofwaterfromtheriver,causesits

highestlevelofsalinity.ThereisalsotheDeadSea,whichisninetimessaltier.Duetothehighsalinity,whenyouswim

there,youcanfloat.However,theDeadSeaisnotaseaatallwhichisalakegeographically.

8.What'sthepurposeofparagraph1?

A.Todrawaconclusion.

B.Tomakethearticleinteresting.

C.Tointroduceafamousbeach.

D.lbbringinthetopic.

9.Whereisthesaltinseawateroriginatedfrom?

A.Land.B.Ocean.C.Rain.D.Cloud.

10.Whatcanweinferabout（heRedSea?

A.ItssalinityishigherthanthatoftheDeadSea.

B.Theclimatetherecausesthehighestsaltlevel.

C.Peopleareindangerwhentheyswimthere.

D.Thelandarounditcontainsthemostsalt.

11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Thereasonwhytheseawatertastessalty

B.ThereasonwhytheDeadSeaisnotasea

C.Thereasonwhytherainwatercycleoccurs

D.Thereasonwhythesealooksblueandgreen

7.（江蘇省南通市海安巾實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月月考）

Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard,maybegrillingorenjoyingabasketballgame,whensuddenly

younoticethateverythinggoesquiet?Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestorm",oftenusedinasituation—aquiet

periodjustbeforeagreatactivityor.excitement.Accordingtoourownexperience,wcknowthereisactuallycalm

beforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscahn?Andisitalwayscalmbeforethestorm?Let'shearwhatscientistshaveto

say.

Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm,（hesimplestkindofstorm-asingle-cellthunderstorm.In

thistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonlyonemainupdraft,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesnear

theground.Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfromsurroundingenvironment.

Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromalldirections-evenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormis

traveling.

Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalew-pressurevacuum（真空）comingafter.The

risingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalreadyexistedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampair

drops,andthewalervapour（水蒸氣）initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.Thesedrops

accumulateandbuildonlargerparticleslikedust,untiltheygrowlargeenoughtoformraindrops.

Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbecomescooleranddrierduringitstripthroughcloud.Whenit

reachesthetopofthecloud,theairgetsspitout（被擠出）atthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebig

thunderclouds.Fromthere,theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable,andonceitcoversaregion,thatair,

intun,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.

Mostthunderstorms,though,don（startwithcalm.That'sbecausemostareactuallygroupsofstormswithcomplex

windpatterns.There'ssomuchairmovingupanddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbefore（hestormneverhappens.

Instead,beforethestorm,讓mightbereallywindy!

12.Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?

A.Athunderstormwithasingleshape.

B.Athunderstormwithoutstrongwinds.

C.Astormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.

D.Astormfueledbymovingairfrom（heground.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3referto?

A.Coldanddryair.B.Warmanddryair.

C.Coldanddampair.D.Warmanddampair.

14.Whichdoesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?

A.Presenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.

B.Notallthunderstormsstartwiththecalm.

C.Thedriertheairis,thebiggerthestormwillbe.

D.Stormhappenswithoutairmovingupanddown.

15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Causesandeffectsofaheavystorm.

B.Abriefdescriptionofapeacefulslorm.

C.Apersonalexperienceofaheavystorm.

D.Anexplanationofthecalmbeforeastorm.

8.（山東師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三10月學(xué)情診斷考試）

inhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animalsperiodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.Wildlife

suchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigraiionpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gainthe

distanceanddirectionof（heirmigrationwithiniheirgeneticcode.Andsomeanimalsuseacombinationofgeneticsand

culturetoguidetheirmigration.

Anothergroupofmigratorsdoesnotquitefiteithermodel,andresearchershaveonlyrecentlystaredtofigureout

howtheyfindtheirway.TaketheCory'sshearwater,anoceangoingseabirdthatmigratesovertheAtlanticeveryyear.

Theyoungdonotmigratewiththeirparents,soculturecannotexplaintheirjourneys.Andtheexactpathsvarywildly

fromindividualtoindividual,makinggeneticsequallyunlikely.

Cory'sshearwatersarelong-lived,rarelyproducingyoungsucc