2026年托福閱讀技巧提升：指代與修辭目的專項試題解析卷

2026年托福閱讀技巧提升：指代與修辭目的專項試題解析卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分：指代閱讀以下短文，回答問題。Thediscoveryofpenicillinin1928byAlexanderFlemingmarkedasignificantturningpointinthehistoryofmedicine.Fleming,aScottishbacteriologist,wasworkinginhislaboratorywhenheobservedthatamold,lateridentifiedas*Penicilliumnotatum*,hadcontaminatedaPetridishofStaphylococcusbacteriaandhadkilledthesurroundingbacteria.AlthoughFlemingnotedthephenomenon,hedidnotinitiallyrecognizeitsfullpotential.Itwasn'tuntilthelate1930sthatotherscientists,particularlyHowardFloreyandErnstBorisChain,furtherinvestigatedpenicillinanddevelopedmethodstopurifyandmass-produceit.Theirworkeventuallyledtothewidespreaduseofpenicillinasaneffectiveantibiotic,savingcountlesslivesbytreatingbacterialinfectionsthatwerepreviouslydeadly.1.Inthesecondsentence,theword*it*refersto:a)AlexanderFlemingb)themold*Penicilliumnotatum*c)thePetridishd)Staphylococcusbacteria2.Accordingtothepassage,whatdidFlemingdowithhisinitialobservation?a)Heimmediatelybeganpurifyingthepenicillin.b)Hepublishedapaperaboutitspotentialapplications.c)Helargelyignoreditssignificanceatthetime.d)HeshareditwithHowardFloreyandErnstBorisChainimmediately.3.Theword*their*inthethirdsentencerefersto:a)scientistsb)AlexanderFlemingc)Staphylococcusbacteriad)themold*Penicilliumnotatum*4.Inthefourthsentence,theword*it*refersto:a)penicillinb)thewidespreadusec)anantibioticd)countlesslives5.Thephrase*thatwerepreviouslydeadly*inthefinalsentencerefersto:a)penicillinb)bacterialinfectionsc)Staphylococcusbacteriad)themethodstomass-producepenicillin第二部分：修辭目的閱讀以下短文，回答問題。Climatechangepresentsoneofthemostsignificantchallengesfacingtheglobalcommunitytoday.Risingglobaltemperatures,primarilyduetoincreasedgreenhousegasemissions,arecausingacascadeofenvironmentalimpacts.Theseimpactsincludemorefrequentandsevereheatwaves,meltingpolaricecapsandglaciers,risingsealevels,andincreasedintensityofextremeweathereventslikehurricanesandfloods.Theconsequencesofthesechangesarefar-reaching,affectingecosystems,agriculture,humanhealth,andeconomicstabilityworldwide.Itiscrucialthatnationscollaboratetoreduceemissionsanddevelopsustainablepracticestomitigatetheeffectsofclimatechangebeforethesituationbecomesirreversible.6.Whatisthemainpurposeofthesecondparagraph?a)Todescribethehistoricaldiscoveryofclimatechange.b)Toprovidespecificexamplesoftheenvironmentalimpactscausedbyrisingtemperatures.c)Toargueagainsttheneedforinternationalcooperationonclimatechange.d)Toexplaintheeconomicbenefitsofreducinggreenhousegasemissions.7.Theword*primarily*inthesecondsentenceisusedto:a)emphasizethemaincauseoftheproblem.b)suggestthatotherfactorsareequallyimportant.c)indicatethatthesituationistemporary.d)contrastwithpastclimateconditions.8.Thephrase*Theseimpactsinclude...*servesprimarilyto:a)introducethetopicofextremeweatherevents.b)explainthescientificmechanismbehindclimatechange.c)providesupportingdetailsfortheconsequencesmentionedinthefirstsentence.d)arguefortheneedforinternationalcollaboration.9.Whatisthepurposeofthethirdparagraph?a)Tooutlineaspecificplanforreducinggreenhousegasemissions.b)Toemphasizetheseverityoftheconsequencesandtheurgencyofaction.c)Tolisttheeconomiccostsassociatedwithclimatechange.d)Tointroduceanewstudyonclimatechangetrends.10.Thefinalsentenceservesmainlyto:a)suggestthatindividualactionsaresufficienttosolvetheproblem.b)statetheurgencyandnecessityofglobalactiontopreventirreversibledamage.c)listthespecificactionsthatnationsshouldtake.d)dismissthepossibilityofclimatechangebeingaseriousissue.第三部分：指代與修辭目的綜合閱讀以下短文，回答問題。Thedevelopmentoftheinternethasfundamentallyalteredhowhumanscommunicateandaccessinformation.Priortoitswidespreadadoption,communicationoverlongdistanceswaslimitedbytimeandcost,oftenrelyingonmailservicesorexpensivelong-distancephonecalls.Theinternet,however,enablednear-instantaneousglobalcommunicationthroughemail,socialmedia,andmessagingplatforms.Thisshifthashadprofoundsocialandeconomicimplications.Economically,ithascreatednewindustries,transformedexistingones,andfacilitatedglobaltradebyconnectingbusinessesandconsumersworldwide.Socially,ithasconnectedpeopleacrossvastdistances,facilitatedthesharingofdiverseculturesandideas,andevenenabledonlinecommunitiescenteredaroundnicheinterests.Despitethesebenefits,concernsremainaboutprivacy,misinformation,andthedigitaldividebetweenthosewithandwithoutreliableinternetaccess.11.Inthesecondsentence,theword*its*refersto:a)humansb)communicationc)longdistancesd)mailservices12.Theword*they*inthethirdsentencerefersto:a)humansb)communicationc)timeandcostd)mailservices13.Accordingtothepassage,whathastheinternetfacilitatedglobally?a)Thelimitationofcommunication.b)Thecreationofnewindustriesandglobaltrade.c)Therelianceonexpensivelong-distancecalls.d)Theisolationofpeopleduetodigitaldivide.14.Thephrase*facilitatedthesharingofdiverseculturesandideas*inthefourthsentenceprimarilyservesto:a)listanothereconomicbenefitoftheinternet.b)provideanexampleofsocialtransformationcausedbytheinternet.c)arguethatculturalsharingisunnecessary.d)explainhowsocialmediaworks.15.Theword*those*inthefinalsentencerefersto:a)benefitsb)concernsc)peopled)industries16.Whatisthemainpurposeofthefifthparagraph?a)Toarguethattheinternethasnosocialbenefits.b)Tointroducetheideathattheinternethasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.c)Toprovideadetailedeconomicanalysisoftheinternet'simpact.d)Todescribethetechnologybehindsocialmediaplatforms.試卷答案1.b解析思路：定位代詞“it”在第二句的句末，其指代對象應為前面描述的對象，即“mold,lateridentifiedas*Penicilliumnotatum*”，選項b為正確先行詞。2.c解析思路：根據第三句“AlthoughFlemingnotedthephenomenon,hedidnotinitiallyrecognizeitsfullpotential.”中的“Although”可知，F(xiàn)leming最初并未充分認識到這一現(xiàn)象的重要性，即“l(fā)argelyignoreditssignificanceatthetime”，選項c為正確表述。3.a解析思路：定位代詞“their”在第三句的主語位置，指代后面動詞“investigated”和“developed”的行為主體，即“HowardFloreyandErnstBorisChain”，選項a為正確先行詞。4.a解析思路：定位代詞“it”在第四句的主語位置，指代后面動詞“l(fā)ed”的賓語，即“thewidespreaduseofpenicillinasaneffectiveantibiotic”，選項a為正確先行詞。5.b解析思路：定位短語“thatwerepreviouslydeadly”修飾的對象“bacterialinfections”，該短語說明細菌感染以前是致命的，選項b為正確指代內容。6.b解析思路：分析第二段結構，首句提出環(huán)境影響的“theseimpacts”，隨后列舉具體例子（heatwaves,meltingcaps,etc.），因此該段主要目的是提供首句提到的環(huán)境影響的具體例子，選項b為正確修辭目的。7.a解析思路：分析單詞“primarily”在句中的位置和作用，它修飾“dueto”，表明“increasedgreenhousegasemissions”是導致“risingglobaltemperatures”的主要原因，選項a為正確理解。8.c解析思路：分析短語“Theseimpactsinclude...”的功能，它承接第一句提出的“acascadeofenvironmentalimpacts”，并列舉具體內容來支撐和解釋第一句的觀點，選項c為正確修辭目的。9.b解析思路：分析第三段內容，該段強調氣候變化后果的嚴重性（deadly），并指出需要采取行動（mitigate,beforethesituationbecomesirreversible），因此主要目的是強調后果的嚴重性和采取行動的緊迫性，選項b為正確修辭目的。10.b解析思路：分析最后一句在文中的位置和作用，它總結全文，并提出需要采取行動以避免不可逆轉的損害，強調的是行動的緊迫性和必要性，選項b為正確修辭目的。11.b