2026年托福聽力學術講座（生物類）試題：生物物理學與生物信息學交叉領域考察

2026年托福聽力學術講座（生物類）試題：生物物理學與生物信息學交叉領域考察考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartA(1)ProfessorChenisdiscussingtheapplicationofbiophysicaltechniquesinbioinformatics.Shementionsthatsingle-moleculeforcespectroscopycanbeusedtomeasurethemechanicalpropertiesofDNAandproteins.Whatistheprimaryadvantageofthistechniqueovertraditionalbulkmeasurements?(A)Itcanmeasurethepropertiesofindividualmolecules.(B)Itislessexpensivethanbulkmeasurements.(C)Itcanmeasurethepropertiesofmoleculesinsolution.(D)Itprovidesinformationaboutthechemicalstructureofmolecules.(2)Astudentaskstheprofessorabouttheroleofmachinelearninginbioinformatics.Howdoestheprofessorrespond?(A)Machinelearningisnotusefulinbioinformatics.(B)Machinelearningcanbeusedtopredictthefunctionofunknownproteins.(C)MachinelearningisonlyusedforanalyzingDNAsequences.(D)Machinelearningistoocomplexformostbioinformaticians.(3)Theprofessordiscussesastudythatusedbioinformaticstoanalyzethestructureofaprotein.Whatwasthemainfindingofthisstudy?(A)Theproteinhasanovelstructurethatwasnotpreviouslyknown.(B)Theproteinstructureisverysimilartootherknownproteins.(C)Theproteinstructurecannotbedeterminedusingbioinformatics.(D)Theproteinstructureistoocomplextobeanalyzedusingcurrentbioinformaticsmethods.(4)TheprofessormentionsthatF?rsterResonanceEnergyTransfer(FRET)isabiophysicaltechniqueusedtostudyprotein-proteininteractions.HowdoesFRETwork?(A)FRETmeasuresthechangeinfluorescenceintensityofadonormoleculewhenittransfersenergytoanacceptormolecule.(B)FRETmeasuresthedistancebetweentwoproteins.(C)FRETmeasuresthebindingaffinityoftwoproteins.(D)FRETmeasurestherateofproteinfolding.(5)Theprofessordiscussesthechallengesofintegratingbiophysicaldatawithbioinformaticsdata.Whatisoneofthemainchallenges?(A)Thedataformatsareincompatible.(B)Thedataistoolargetoanalyze.(C)Thereisalackofskilledresearchers.(D)Theresultsareoftencontradictory.PartB(6)Inalectureoncomputationalbiology,thespeakermentionsthatnext-generationsequencingtechnologieshaverevolutionizedthefield.Whathasbeenthemostsignificantimpactofthesetechnologies?(A)TheyhavemadeitpossibletosequenceDNAmuchfaster.(B)TheyhavemadeitpossibletosequenceRNA.(C)Theyhavemadeitpossibletosequenceproteins.(D)Theyhavemadeitpossibletosequencetheentirehumangenome.(7)Thespeakerdiscussesacomputationalmethodusedtopredictproteinstructures.Whatisthenameofthismethod?(A)X-raycrystallography(B)NMRspectroscopy(C)Homologymodeling(D)Massspectrometry(8)Astudentasksthespeakeraboutthelimitationsofcomputationalmodelsinbiology.Whatdoesthespeakersayisoneofthemainlimitations?(A)Computationalmodelsaretoocomplex.(B)Computationalmodelsarenotaccurateenough.(C)Computationalmodelsaretooexpensivetorun.(D)Computationalmodelsareonlyusefulforsimplesystems.(9)Thespeakermentionsthatsystemsbiologyaimstounderstandtheinteractionsbetweenbiologicalcomponents.Whatisakeytoolusedinsystemsbiology?(A)Microscopy(B)Genomics(C)Proteomics(D)Networkanalysis(10)Thespeakerdiscussestheimportanceofdataintegrationincomputationalbiology.Whatisthemainadvantageofintegratingdatafromdifferentsources?(A)Itincreasestheamountofdataavailable.(B)Itimprovestheaccuracyoftheresults.(C)Itmakestheanalysiseasier.(D)Itreducesthecostoftheanalysis.PartC(11)Inalectureonbiophysicsandbioinformatics,thespeakerdiscussestheuseofmoleculardynamicssimulationstostudyproteinfolding.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthesesimulations?(A)Topredictthethree-dimensionalstructureofaprotein.(B)Todeterminetheaminoacidsequenceofaprotein.(C)Tostudythedynamicsofaproteininsolution.(D)Tomeasurethethermalstabilityofaprotein.(12)Thespeakermentionsthathigh-throughputscreeningisatechniqueusedinbioinformatics.Whatisthemainadvantageofthistechnique?(A)Itcanscreenalargenumberofcompoundsforaspecifictarget.(B)Itcananalyzetheexpressionofalargenumberofgenessimultaneously.(C)Itcanpredictthestructureofalargenumberofproteins.(D)Itcanmeasurethebindingaffinityofalargenumberofcompoundstoaspecificprotein.(13)Astudentasksthespeakerabouttheroleofstatisticsinbioinformatics.Howdoesthespeakerrespond?(A)Statisticsisnotimportantinbioinformatics.(B)Statisticsisusedtoanalyzetheresultsofexperiments.(C)Statisticsisusedtodesignexperiments.(D)Statisticsisusedtopredictthefunctionofgenes.(14)Thespeakerdiscussestheimportanceofexperimentalvalidationincomputationalbiology.Whyisthisimportant?(A)Itensurestheaccuracyofthecomputationalmodels.(B)Itincreasestheamountofdataavailable.(C)Itmakestheanalysiseasier.(D)Itreducesthecostoftheanalysis.(15)Thespeakerconcludesthelecturebydiscussingthefutureofbiophysicsandbioinformatics.Whatisoneofthemaintrendshementions?(A)Thedevelopmentofnewbiophysicaltechniques.(B)Thedevelopmentofnewbioinformaticsalgorithms.(C)Theintegrationofbiophysicsandbioinformatics.(D)Theapplicationofthesefieldstootherareasofscience.PartD(16)Theprofessorisdiscussingtheuseofbioinformaticsindrugdiscovery.Shementionsthatstructure-baseddrugdesigninvolvesusingthethree-dimensionalstructureofatargetproteintodesigndrugsthatbindtoit.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofthisapproach?(A)Itcanbeusedtodesigndrugsthataremoreeffectiveandhavefewersideeffects.(B)Itislessexpensivethanotherdrugdiscoveryapproaches.(C)Itcanbeusedtodiscoverdrugsforanydisease.(D)Itdoesnotrequireanyexperimentaldata.(17)Astudentaskstheprofessorabouttheroleofgenomicsindrugdiscovery.Howdoestheprofessorrespond?(A)Genomicsisnotusefulindrugdiscovery.(B)Genomicscanbeusedtoidentifygenesthatareassociatedwithaparticulardisease.(C)GenomicsisonlyusedtosequenceDNA.(D)Genomicsistoocomplexformostdrugdevelopers.(18)Theprofessordiscussesastudythatusedbioinformaticstoidentifypotentialdrugtargets.Whatwasthemainfindingofthisstudy?(A)Thestudyidentifiedanumberofpotentialdrugtargets.(B)Thestudyfoundthatbioinformaticsisnotusefulforidentifyingdrugtargets.(C)Thestudyconcludedthattherearenopotentialdrugtargetslefttodiscover.(D)Thestudydeterminedthatallknowndrugstargetthesameprotein.(19)Theprofessormentionsthatcheminformaticsisafieldthatusescomputationalmethodstostudychemicalcompounds.Howdoescheminformaticsrelatetobioinformatics?(A)Cheminformaticsisusedtopredictthebiologicalactivityofchemicalcompounds.(B)Cheminformaticsisusedtodesignnewchemicalcompounds.(C)Cheminformaticsisusedtostudythestructureofchemicalcompounds.(D)Cheminformaticsisusedtostudythepropertiesofchemicalcompounds.(20)Theprofessorconcludesthelecturebydiscussingthefutureofbioinformaticsindrugdiscovery.Whatisoneofthemainchallengesshementions?(A)Thedevelopmentofnewcomputationalmethods.(B)Theintegrationofbioinformaticswithotherfields.(C)Theinterpretationoftheresults.(D)Thecostofthecomputationalresourcesneeded.試卷答案(1)A解析：單分子力譜學的核心優勢在于能夠測量單個分子的性質，這是與傳統宏觀測量方法相比最根本的區別。(2)B解析：教授回答機器學習的作用時，提到了它可以用來預測未知蛋白質的功能，這是機器學習在生物信息學中的一項重要應用。(3)A解析：講座中提到的關于蛋白質結構的研究，主要發現是確定了一個新的蛋白質結構，這是該研究的核心成果。(4)A解析：FRET的工作原理是測量供體分子能量轉移到受體分子時熒光強度的變化，這是FRET技術的基本機制。(5)A解析：整合生物物理數據與生物信息數據的主要挑戰之