Unit 5 課文語(yǔ)法填空-2022-2023學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)外研版2019選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

Unit5Revealingnature

Understandingideas

AJourneyofDiscovery

Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,________(want)someonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungman________hadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfather________(predict)thathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldlead________oneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.

Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudy________(variety)livingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowded________samplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heasked________(he)thequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?

Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadapted________theirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.

WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirds________interestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingto________foodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.

Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,which________(arrive)ontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.

Itwasa________(complete)newidea—atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublished________1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywere________(shock).ButDarwin’sscientificstudieswereso________(convince)thatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.

Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregarded________oneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.

Developingideas

TheSecretLanguageofPlants

Talkingplantshavelongbeenathingofmythsandlegends.Manycultureshavestoriesoftalkingtreesthatgiveadviceaswellaswarningstopeople.AlexandertheGreatandMarcoPoloweresaid________(have)visitedsuchatreeinIndia.Andinsomemodernstories,suchasthefilmAvatar,treescancommunicatewithanimalsandpeople.

Newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing:itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.

Ithasbeenknown________sometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappenswhenaplant,sayabeanplant,gets________(attack)byinsects.Theplantreleasestinyamountsofchemicalsfromtheleavesthatare________(eat).Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:“I’mbeingattacked!”Whenanotherbeanplantdetectsthechemicalsfromitsinjuredneighbour,itstartstoreleaseitsown,differentchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattractinsects—thewasps!Thewaspskilltheinsectsthatareeatingthebeanplants.Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthisplantwarningsystem,sothatwecanuseittogrowcrops________pesticides.

More________(surprise),plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Peoplecan’thearthesesounds,butplantsaremakingthem.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Cornandchilliplantsdothis.Theyalso“l(fā)isten”tothenoisesfromotherplants.Achilliplantcantell________aneighbouringplantishelpful,orunfriendly.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater,________(indicate)droughtisarriving.

Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Scientistscallthissystemthe“woodwideweb”.Itisinsomewayssimilar________theInternetweuse.WhiletheInternetisaworldwidenetworkofcomputerslinkedbycablesandsatellites,thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi.Thisfungalnetworklinkstherootsofdifferentplantstoeachother.________(use)thewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.Forexample,somepinetreescansendfoodtosmallerpinetreestohelpthemgrow.ButjustlikeourownInternet,thewoodwidewebhasitsownversionof“cybercrime”.Plantscanstealfoodfromeachother,orspreadpoisonstoattackotherplants.Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearn________tocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.

Scientistsarelearningmoreeverydayaboutthesecretwaysin________plantstalktoeachother.Whoknows?Maybeonedaywewillknowenoughaboutplantcommunicationtobeableto“talk”withthem________(we).

答案：

Unit5Revealingnature

Understandingideas

AJourneyofDiscovery

Thecaptainoftheship,theBeagle,wantedsomeonewhowould“profitbytheopportunityofvisitingdistantcountriesyetlittleknown”.Thepersonwhoansweredthecallwasnotthecaptain’sfirstchoice.Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What’smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.

Theyoungmaninquestion,CharlesDarwin,wasageologistandnaturalist,fascinatedbyrocks,plantsandanimals.HeleftEnglandontheship,theBeagle,in1831.Thejourneygavehimthechancetostudyvariouslivingthingsintheirnaturalenvironments.AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica,hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.Ashestudiedthese,heaskedhimselfthequestion:howdiddifferentspeciescometoexist?

Atthattime,peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime,andhadnotchangedsince.ButDarwinbegantothinkdifferently.Henoticedthatsomespeciesofanimalswereverysimilartoeachother.Maybeanimalsevolvedastheyadaptedtotheirchangingenvironments?Itwasjustanidea,butenoughtoinspireDarwintolookformoreevidence.

WhentheBeaglereachedtheGalápagosIslandsin1835,Darwinsawavarietyofnewspecies,butitwasthebirdsthatinterestedhimthemost.Darwinnoticedthattherewasadifferencebetweenthefinchesoneachoftheislands.Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.

Darwinsuspectedthatthefincheshadevolvedfromacommonancestor,whichhadarrivedontheislandsalongtimebefore.Overtime,ithadslowlyevolvedintomanynewspecies.Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist:theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.

Itwasacompletelynewidea—atheoryofevolution.Darwinexplainedthistheoryinhisbook,OntheOriginofSpecies.Itwasnotpublisheduntil1859andimmediatelycausedastorm.Manypeoplerefusedtobelievethatlivingthings,includinghumans,hadevolvedfromlowerformsoflife.Theywereshocked.ButDarwin’sscientificstudiesweresoconvincingthatmoreandmorepeoplestartedtobelievehistheory.

Today,OntheOriginofSpeciesisregardedasoneofthemostimportantworkseverwritten.IthaschangedideasaboutlifeonEarthforever.AnditallbeganwiththejourneyontheBeagle.

Developingideas

TheSecretLanguageofPlants

Talkingplantshavelongbeenathingofmythsandlegends.Manycultureshavestoriesoftalkingtreesthatgiveadviceaswellaswarningstopeople.AlexandertheGreatandMarcoPoloweresaidtohavevisitedsuchatreeinIndia.Andinsomemodernstories,suchasthefilmAvatar,treescancommunicatewithanimalsandpeople.

Newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing:itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.

Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicalstocommunicatewitheachother.Thishappenswhenaplant,sayabeanplant,getsattackedbyinsects.Theplantreleasestinyamountsofchemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:“I’mbeingattacked!”Whenanotherbeanplantdetectsthechemicalsfromitsinjuredneighbour,itstartstoreleaseitsown,differentchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.Othersattractinsects—thewasps!Thewaspskilltheinsectsthatareeatingthebeanplants.Scientistshopetolearnmoreaboutthisplantwarningsystem,sothatwecanuseittogrowcropswithoutpesticides.

Moresurprisingly,plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Peoplecan’thearthesesounds,butplantsaremakingthem.Someplantsmakenoiseswiththeirroots.Cornandchilliplantsdothis.Theyalso“l(fā)isten”tothenoisesfromotherplants.Achilliplantcantellifaneighbouringplantishelpful,orunfriendly.Sometreesmakeclickingnoiseswhenthereisnotenoughwater,indicatingdroughtisarriving.

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