初升高英語銜接講義：語法填空兩大考向透視之有提示詞

高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識的靈活運用和理解，更多地在語篇語法【初中考點聚焦】初中：以基礎為主，考點多為“顯性語法規則”（如基礎時態語態、固定搭配、簡單詞形轉化）。閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確Lastspring,ourschooloimaginedjustdiggingholesinthehotsun.However,itwas2(complete)dOnthefirstday,ourteache“Teamworkis4keytosuccess,”saidMr.Wang.MyfriendLilyandIvwaterandwethoughtitwaseasy.Butthebuckets(水桶)were6(heavy)thanwehadexpectpouredhalfthewateronthewayback.Bythe7(two)day,ourgrouplifcheeringforourwork.Wewereallveryexcited.Butthechallengescame.Onthethirdday,darkrknee.Butshesmiledandsaid,“Don’tworrcouragemadeusfeelenergeticagarealizedthatevensmallacti【高中考點聚焦】—Q課標解讀高中語法填空主要考查有：時態、語態、謂語與非謂語動詞、倒裝、連詞(5~6個)兩種。有提示詞的考向主要有:謂語動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致以及非謂語動詞、形容詞/副詞—Q考點清單考點一、語法填空之有提示詞要點1：動詞時態語態若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者was/wereaskinghave/hasbeenaskingshould/wouldhavebhave/hasbeendonebeingdonehadbeendone2．They(chat)happilywhenanunexpectedvi3．It’sreportedthatthecity4．Listen!Theimportantnewsabo6．Theypromisedthatthey7．Itisthesecondtimethatwe要點2：非謂語動詞若句中已有謂語動詞，又詞就要確定用不定式、動名詞還是分詞。不定式todo表將來，常考作賓語、目動名詞doing表習慣性動作，常考作主過去分詞done表被動、完成，常考作表語、定語、狀不定式用法動名詞用法分詞用法beingwritten2．Theholidayprovidesusagoo3．Istronglyrecommend9．Thelittleboyvisitedthe10．Dogshaveawiderhearingrangethan1．Machinelearningisnowcap2．Franklyspeaking,MrWhit3．Thecontestrequiresthechosenlaughe(attractive)laugh.(所4．Thewholefamilycouldnotbe(ha5．Themoreexposedy2．Thefirstbubblestoescape3．Itis(le4．Manystars,whichareoutofthesola5．Everyyearourschool2．She(whisper)to4．Iftheylendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblems5．YoungClub(found)6．AhugeChristmastree(decorat7．Rareanimals(harm)ifpeoplekeepdestroyi8．Shefeltitnecessary11．Afterthegame,wefoundourteamma12．Childrengrownormallyonadiet(consisamountsofmilkandmeat.14．Theproblem(discuss)justnowisofgreatimporta15．ShebecamethefirstChinesewom17．LiangJianying,ge20．SomecomedianstelljokesaboutthewaypeopleAtmyoldschoolinToronto,Iwasonffriends.EverythingchangedwhenIwas16yearsoldbecausemytfew1(day)inmynewschoolwere2(strict)thanthoseinmyoldschool.Eachteachergaveusalresult,myfreetimebecamelimited(有限的).Myhomeworkkeptme4busythatIcouldonlywanSaturdaynights.AllthestudentsweredressedinshortsandT-dtobenice5me,butIdidnotwanafewweeks,nooneeventriedtotalktomeanymore.Ibegantofcourage7(talk)tosomeclassmates.8(final),Ifoundtheywerenormal(正常的)people,justlikeme.I9(beginInthelive-streamingchannel(直播間)ofYangWeiyun,nosingingordancingisperformedandno11(sell).Sheteachespinyin,readingandwriting,12hasyears.ThedifferencAftersheretiredfreepinyincourses15(preparegraduallylearntamongherviewerstherearealotofilliterate(不識字的)adultseagertolearnpinyinmanagedtomeettheir16(“Manyilliterateadultsdidn’thavethechancetogotoschoolwhentheywereyoung.Iwantedtogivethem17newstartingpoint,”saidYang.Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentshlessons,Yangholdstw 18(know)thateachotheirowndemands,shealwayspreparesherclassescarefurbiggestwishnowis20(see)thesestudentsgraduaToday’sfestivalshave21widerangeofroots,22(include)theseasonsofthfamousfigures,importantevents,andreligions.Allfestivalshavethespiritof23(share)joy,grTheharvestfestivalisoneofthemostpopularfestivals24(celebrate)familiesgather25(admireFestival.CustomsplayasignificantroleChinesecitiesnolo(pollute).However,thesedays,festivals28(become)moreandmorec(spend)moremoneyongifts,whichresultsindifferentopinFestivalsareanimportantpartofsociety.Theyreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudeslife.Theyare30(occTraditionalChinesegardenart,31beautyishiandspecialartisticcharm,32(co 33warsandnaturaldisasterbuildingsandscenicspots,thousandsofpreciousclassicgardens35(protect)verywday.Itsgracefulnaturaldesignstyleis36betweennatureandhumans.Asweallknow,37makestraditionalgardensunusualliesintWithclearwater38(flow)slowlyalongwindingpaths,plenty enjoyabletimeintheseamazingplaces.Thelonghistoryofthousandsofyearsoffersstrongandb(confirm)ofthegreatculturalvalueofournationaltreasure.ThewaypeoplecelebratetraditionalfestivalshaschangedgreatlywiththeriseoftheInternet.Theinfluenofdigitalcultureranges41onlinegift-givingtovirtualtemplefairs,Inthepast,activitiesduringfesenseofcommunity.Butnow,manyyoungpeoplechoosetoexpresstheirthroughdigitalredenvelopesoronlinedonaassociatedwiththesecelebratiHowever,whetherthisdigitalshiftwillweakenthe46(religion)orculturalmeaningoftraditionalfestivalsremains47(see).Somefeel48(strike)bytheconvenie49worrythatreal-lifeconnectionsarebeinglost.Thelong-termeffectsoftheInternetontrreshapeourfestivaltraditio高中階段考查形式：注重語法知識的靈活運用和理解，更多地在語篇語法【初中考點聚焦】初中：以基礎為主，考點多為“顯性語法規則”（如基礎時態語態、固定搭配、簡單詞形轉化）。閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確Lastspring,ourschooloimaginedjustdiggingholesinthehotsun.However,itwas2(complete)dOnthefirstday,ourteache“Teamworkis4keytosuccess,”saidMr.Wang.MyfriendLilyandIvwaterandwethoughtitwaseasy.Butthebuckets(水桶)were6(heavy)thanwehadexpectpouredhalfthewateronthewayback.Bythe7(two)day,ourgrouplifcheeringforourwork.Wewereallveryexcited.Butthechallengescame.Onthethirdday,darkrknee.Butshesmiledandsaid,“Don’tworrcouragemadeusfeelenergeticagarealizedthatevensmallacti【答案】【導語】本文講述了去年春天學校組織植樹活動的經歷，作者從一開始覺得無趣，到親身參與后體會團隊2．句意：然而，事情完全不一樣。空格修飾形容詞different，需用副詞作狀語，complete的副詞形式為5．句意：我和朋友莉莉主動去挑水，我們本以為這很輕松。固定搭配volunteertodosth.，意為“自愿做某9．句意：第三天，烏云密布。cloud為可數名詞，前面無單數限定詞，此處表泛指多片烏云，用復數形式10．句意：我意識到哪怕是像種樹這樣微小的舉動，也能改變世界。空格后“plantinga【高中考點聚焦】—Q課標解讀高中語法填空主要考查有：時態、語態、謂語與非謂語動詞、倒裝、連詞(5~6個)兩種。有提示詞的考向主要有:謂語動詞的時態，語態和主謂一致以及非謂語動詞、形容詞/副詞—Q考點清單考點一、語法填空之有提示詞要點1：動詞時態語態若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者was/wereaskinghave/hasbeenaskingshould/wouldhavebbeingdonehave/hasbeendonehadbeendone【答案】belongs【詳解】句意：現在該寺廟和它周圍的花園都屬于一個當地家庭。句子陳述客觀事實，用一般現在時，aswellas連接并列名詞作主語時，遵循就遠原則，thetemple是第三人稱單數，謂語belong用單數形式belongs。2．They(chat)happilywhenanunexpectedvi【答案】werechatting【詳解】句意：他們正聊得開心時，一位不速之客到了。此處為固定句型“bedoing…when…”，意為“一件3．It’sreportedthatthecity【答案】willbuild表將來時態，所以用一般將來時，謂語動詞為w4．Listen!Theimportantnewsabo【答案】isbeingbroadcast【答案】hasbeendone從句要用現在完成時；主語theexperiment與謂語動詞do之間是被動關系，因此用現在完成時的被動語態，6．Theypromisedthatthey【答案】wouldsend【詳解】考查時態。句意：他們答應會盡快把報告寄給我。that7．Itisthesecondtimethatwe【答案】haveobserved【答案】wascharged【詳解】考查時態語態。句意：上個月，這個店員被指控多次欺騙顧客。此處為謂語動詞，with意為“被指控”可知，charge與主語theshopassis去時，所以此處為一般過去時的被動語態，且主語為第三人稱單數。故填waschar【答案】hasmade要點2：非謂語動詞若句中已有謂語動詞，又詞就要確定用不定式、動名詞還是分詞。不定式todo表將來，常考作賓語、目動名詞doing表習慣性動作，常考作主過去分詞done表被動、完成，常考作表語、定語、狀不定式用法tohavedone/被動tohavebeend動名詞用法beingwrittenbeingwritten分詞用法beingwritten【答案】toinvite【詳解】句意：我的計劃是周末邀請朋友們到我家來，向他們展示我新學會的技能。當主語是plan(計劃),2．Theholidayprovidesusagoo【答案】torelax3．Istronglyrecommend【答案】taking【答案】Beingexposed【答案】walking【答案】Beingequipped名詞形式作主語，故用其動名詞形式beingequipped作主語，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Be【答案】complaining/havingcomplained配，意為“承認做過某事”，所以此處應該用動名詞形式作賓語，且根據句意可知，此處表示動作已經發生，所以用動名詞的一般式或完成式均符合語境。故填complaining/ha【答案】injured9．Thelittleboyvisitedthe【答案】accompanied【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：這個小男孩在父母的陪同下，懷著極大的興奮之語Thelittleboy與accompany10．Dogshaveawiderhearingrangethan【答案】enabling【詳解】考查現在分詞。句意：狗的聽覺范圍比人類更寬，這使它們能夠注意到人類為非謂語動詞，Dogs與enable為主動關系，用現在分詞作狀語。故填enabling。1．Machinelearningisnowcap【答案】morecomplex2．Franklyspeaking,MrWhit【答案】themostwonderful【詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：坦率地說，懷特先生的講座是我所聽過的最精彩的講座。根據所給句是多音詞形容詞，因此最高級形式需在前加“themost”，即“themostwonderful”3．Thecontestrequiresthechosenlaughe(attractive)laugh.(所【答案】themostattractive【詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：比賽要求被選中的笑者面對面，觀眾決定誰笑得最吸引人。分析句子4．Thewholefamilycouldnotbe(ha【答案】happier【詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意:全形容詞比較級”表示最高級的含義，因此填5．Themoreexposedy【答案】morelikely【答案】professional【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他作為職業球員只踢了兩年2．Thefirstbubblestoescape【答案】mixture【詳解】考查名詞。句意：首先從液體中逸出的氣泡是空氣和氫3．Itis(le【答案】illegal4．Manystars,whichareoutofthesola【答案】invisible【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：太陽系外的許多恒星不5．Everyyearourschool【答案】awards【詳解】考查動詞時態和主謂一致。句意：每年我們學校都會給優秀學生頒發獎學金。此處為動詞作謂語，根據時間狀語“Everyyear”可知，句子描述習慣性動作，應用一般現在時；主語“ourscho【答案】preferred【詳解】句意：就我個人而言，比起理科科目，我一直更喜歡文科科目。此處為現在完成時結構，have后2．She(whisper)to【答案】waswhispering【詳解】句意：她上課正小聲和同桌竊竊私語，這時老師突然轉身直視她們。此處為句型sb.bedoingsth.when...，結合后文whentheteachersuddenlyturnedaroundandlookedstraightatthem可知為過去【答案】havespotted【詳解】句意：到目前為止，我們已經發現了許多老年人在日常生活中所面臨的問題。根據上文Sofar可4．Iftheylendusthemoneyweneed,allourproblems【答案】willbesolved【詳解】句意：如果他們借給我們所需要的錢，我們的問題很快就會解決。此處是if引導的條件狀語從句，從句是一般現在時態，則主句用一般將來時態，且主句主語allourproblems和solve之間是一種被動關系，所以用一般將來時態的被動語態，故答案為will5．YoungClub(foun【答案】wasfounded6．AhugeChristmastree(decorat【答案】hadbeendecoratedhall是過去的動作，而圣誕樹被裝飾好發生在gottothehall之前，即過去的過去，所以要用過去完成時；7．Rareanimals(harm)ifpeoplekeepdestroyi【答案】willbeharmed【詳解】句意：如果人類持續破壞棲息地，珍稀動物將會受到傷害。if引導條件狀語從句遵循主將從現，8．Shefeltitnecessary【答案】toapologize【詳解】句意：她認為有必要為自己昨天粗魯的態度道歉。“feelit+adj.+todosth.”為固定結構，意為“覺【答案】hiding【詳解】句意：現在讀一讀自1942年7月起待在藏身之地后她的感受。此處為固定搭配hidingplace意【答案】totake要用不定式結構，構成固定搭配managetodosth.11．Afterthegame,wefoundourteamma【答案】hugging12．Childrengrownormallyonadiet(consisamountsofmilkandmeat.【答案】consisting【詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：兒童正常生長的飲食包括許多不同種類的蔬菜和少量的牛奶和肉類。本句已經存在謂語動詞且句中沒有連詞，故consist只能做非謂語動詞與邏輯主語diet構成主謂關系，故填【答案】involved系，且結合“havebeentakentothelocalpolicestationforquestioning”可知，動14．Theproblem(discuss)justnowisofgreatimporta【答案】discussedTheproblem和動詞discuss為邏輯上的被動關系，結合“justnow”可知，動作已完成，所以用過去分詞形式15．ShebecamethefirstChinesewom【答案】tobechosen【詳解】句意：她成為了有史以來第一位被選為該醫院科室主任的中國女性。當名詞被序數詞修飾（本句中woman前有thefirst修飾）時，通常用動詞不定式作后置定語。邏輯主語thechoose之間是被動關系，所以用不定式的被動形式to【答案】admiration【詳解】考查名詞。句意：聽著這位探險家如何在漩渦中幸存下來的故事，我們欽佩地看著他。根據介詞with可知，此處需要名詞作賓語；admire為動詞，其名詞形式admiration意為“欽佩、贊賞”，不可數名詞。17．LiangJianying,ge【答案】designer【詳解】考查名詞。句意：中國高速動車組總設計師梁建英出生于1972年。空處用于形容詞general之后，應用名詞形式作同位語，說明LiangJianying的身份，使用名詞designer，意為“設計師”，此處指“總設計【答案】impolite【詳解】考查形容詞和構詞法。句意：在公共場合大聲說話是不禮貌的。分析可知，所填應是形容詞作表意為“禮貌的”，其反義詞為“impol【答案】inconvenience根據句意，不可數名詞inconvenience(不便)作賓語20．Somecomedianstelljokesaboutthewaypeople【答案】behave【詳解】考查定語從句的時態。句意：一些喜劇演員以人們的行為舉止為題材講笑話。theway是先行詞，后面是定語從句，people后面少謂語，故用所給詞的動詞形式，由可知從句部分也用一般現在時，主語people，指人們，結合主謂一致可AtmyoldschoolinToronto,Iwasonffriends.EverythingchangedwhenIwas16yearsoldbecausemytfew1(day)inmynewschoolwere2(strict)thanthoseinmyoldschool.Eachteachergaveusalresult,myfreetimebecamelimited(有限的).Myhomeworkkeptme4busythatIcouldonlywanSaturdaynights.AllthestudentsweredressedinshortsandT-dtobenice5me,butIdidnotwanafewweeks,nooneeventriedtotalktomeanymore.Ibegantofcourage7(talk)tosomeclassmates.8(final),Ifoundtheywerenormal(正常的)people,justlikeme.I9(begin【答案】6．考查代詞。句意同上。根據空前“talkto”可知，介詞后需接人稱代詞的賓格形式them“他們”作賓語，指7．考查非謂語動詞。句意：兩個月過去了，我才鼓起勇氣和一些同學交談。固定搭配getthecouragetodo9．考查時態。句意：我開始建立一些關系，甚至建立了深厚的友誼。根據上下文語境可知，文章敘述過去發生的事情，應用一般過去時，空格處謂語動詞begin“開始”使用過去式began。Inthelive-streamingchannel(直播間)ofYangWeiyun,nosingingordancingisperformedandno11(sell).Sheteachespinyin,readingandwriting,12hasyears.ThedifferencAftersheretiredfreepinyincourses15(preparegraduallylearntamongherviewerstherearealotofilliterate(不識字的)adultseagertolearnpinyinmanagedtomeettheir16(“Manyilliterateadultsdidn’thavethechancetogotoschoolwhentheywereyoung.Iwantedtogivethem17newstartingpoint,”saidYang.Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentshlessons,Yangholdstw 18(know)thateachotheirowndemands,shealwayspreparesherclassescarefubiggestwishnowis20(see)thesestudentsgradua【答案】【詳解】11．考查動詞語態。句意：在楊維云的直播間里，沒有歌舞表演，也不出售任何商品。句子描述一般事實，時態為一般現在時，主語products和sell為被動關系，用一般現在時的被動語態，主語為復數，12．考查定語從句。句意：她教授拼音、閱讀和寫作，這是她過去五十年來最熟悉的領域。空處引導非限16．考查名詞復數。句意：然而，她逐漸發現觀眾中有許多渴望學習拼音的成年文盲，于是她設法滿足了他們的需求。固定搭配meetone’sneeds表18．考查非謂語動詞。句意：知道通過她的直播頻道學習的每個學生都有自己的需求，她在結束一場直播19．考查主謂一致。句意：知道通過她的直播頻道學習的每個學生都有自己的需求，她在結束一場直播后總是認真備課。句子描述一般事實，時態為一般現在時，主語eachofthestudents為單數，謂語20．考查非謂語動詞。句意：她現在最大的愿望就是看著這些學生從她的課堂結業。本空作表語，用不定Today’sfestivalshave21widerangeofroots,22(include)theseasonsofthfamousfigures,importantevents,andreligions.Allfestivalshavethespiritof23(share)joy,grTheharvestfestivalisoneofthemostpopularfestivals24(celebrate)familiesgather25(admireFestival.CustomsplayasignificantroleChinesecitiesnolo(pollute).However,thesedays,festivals28(become)moreandmorec(spend)moremoneyongifts,whichresultsindifferentopinFestivalsareanimportantpartofsociety.Theyreflectpeople’swishes,beliefs,faiths,andattitudeslife.Theyare30(occ【答案】教。空后羅列各類節日起源，后跟名詞短語，此處用介詞including，意為“包括”，構成介賓結構，引出列23．考查非謂語動詞。句意：所有節日都蘊含著共24．考查非謂語動詞。句意：豐收節是在許多文化中都慶祝的最受歡迎的節日之一。已有謂語動詞is，名25．考查非謂語動詞。句意：在中國，中秋節時家人團聚，共賞明月、品嘗美味月餅。gather作謂語動詞，admire作非謂語動詞，家人相聚的目的是賞月、品嘗美味月餅，用動詞不定式toadmire作目的狀語。26．考查連詞。句意：習俗在節日中扮演重要角色，但是它們會隨著時間推移發生改變。前文說習俗的重28．考查時態。句意：然而如今，節日變得越來越商業化，人們會花更多錢購買禮品，這也引發了眾人不29．考查非謂語動詞。句意：然而如今，節日變得越來越商業化，人們會花更多錢購買禮品，這也引發了30．考查名詞復數。句意：節日是能讓我們放松、享受生活的TraditionalChinesegardenart,31beautyishiandspecialartisticcharm,32(co 33warsandnaturaldisasterbuildingsandscenicspots,thousandsofpreciousclassicgardens35(protect)verywday.Itsgracefulnaturaldesignstyleis36betweennatureandhumans.Asweallknow,37makestradit