初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練100

初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練100同學(xué)們，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的一個(gè)重要組成部分，也是我們?cè)诔踔须A段需要重點(diǎn)掌握的內(nèi)容。它不像主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)那樣直觀地表達(dá)“誰(shuí)做了什么”，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)“什么被做了”。在各類考試中，無(wú)論是單選、完形還是閱讀理解，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的身影都隨處可見(jiàn)。要想真正掌握它，理解其構(gòu)成和用法是基礎(chǔ)，大量的練習(xí)則是鞏固的關(guān)鍵。今天，我們就來(lái)系統(tǒng)地梳理一下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，并通過(guò)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練來(lái)檢驗(yàn)和提升我們的運(yùn)用能力。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心要點(diǎn)回顧在開(kāi)始訓(xùn)練之前，讓我們先快速回顧一下被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的核心知識(shí)，確保我們?cè)谕黄鹋芫€上。1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即動(dòng)作不是由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的，而是由其他人或物發(fā)出并作用于主語(yǔ)。例如：Thecakewaseaten.(蛋糕被吃了。)這里“蛋糕”是“吃”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的承受者。2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：be動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(p.p.)這里的“be”動(dòng)詞會(huì)根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。過(guò)去分詞則是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞通常在詞尾加“-ed”，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞則需要特殊記憶。3.初中階段常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成這是掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的重中之重，務(wù)必牢記：*一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)*例：Englishisspokenallovertheworld.(英語(yǔ)在全世界被使用。)*一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)*例：Theletterwaswrittenyesterday.(這封信是昨天寫的。)*一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+willbe+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)/主語(yǔ)+am/is/aregoingtobe+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)*例：Anewhospitalwillbebuiltnextyear.(一家新醫(yī)院將于明年建成。)*現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)*例：Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.(這個(gè)問(wèn)題正在被討論。)*過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)*例：Myhomeworkhasbeenfinished.(我的作業(yè)已經(jīng)完成了。)*情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can/may/must/should等)+be+過(guò)去分詞+(by...)*例：Thisworkmustbedonetoday.(這項(xiàng)工作今天必須完成。)4.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法*當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)，或者沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。*例：Thisbookwaspublishedin2000.(這本書出版于2000年。)（誰(shuí)出版的不重要）*當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。*例：Thelittlegirlwassavedbyapoliceman.(那個(gè)小女孩被一名警察救了。)（強(qiáng)調(diào)“小女孩”被救）*當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言自明時(shí)（如人們、大家等）。5.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法*找出主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，將其用作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。*主動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椤癰e+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)與主動(dòng)句保持一致。*主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者）如果需要體現(xiàn)，則用介詞“by”引出，作為狀語(yǔ)；如果不需要，則省略。*其他成分（如狀語(yǔ)）位置不變。*例：主動(dòng)：Theybuiltanewschoollastyear.被動(dòng)：Anewschoolwasbuilt(bythem)lastyear.6.注意事項(xiàng)*有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：lookafter,takecareof,putoff等。*例：Thechildrenarewelllookedafter.(孩子們被照顧得很好。)*感官動(dòng)詞（see,hear,watch,feel等）和使役動(dòng)詞（make,let,have等）在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)“to”要還原。*例：主動(dòng)：Weoftenhearhersingintheroom.被動(dòng)：Sheisoftenheardtosingintheroom.二、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練好了，理論知識(shí)回顧得差不多了，接下來(lái)就是實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練。下面有100道練習(xí)題，題型多樣，希望大家認(rèn)真對(duì)待，仔細(xì)思考每一道題。做完之后，記得對(duì)照答案進(jìn)行反思和總結(jié)。(一)單項(xiàng)選擇(共30題)從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.English______bymanypeopleintheworld.A.speakB.speaksC.isspokenD.spoke2.Thisstory______bymygrandmotherlastnight.A.toldB.wastoldC.istoldD.tells3.Anewbridge______overtherivernextyear.A.willbuildB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builds4.Theclassroom______now.A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleanedC.cleansD.cleaned5.Theproblem______byusyet.A.hasn'tsolvedB.haven'tsolvedC.hasn'tbeensolvedD.aren'tsolved6.Theflowers______everyday.Youmustwaterthem.A.mustwaterB.mustbewateredC.wateredD.arewatering7.Manytrees______inourschoollastspring.A.plantB.plantedC.wereplantedD.areplanted8.Thebook______intomanylanguagessinceitwaspublished.A.hastranslatedB.wastranslatedC.translatedD.hasbeentranslated9.You______tothepartyifyoudon'tfinishyourhomework.A.won'tinviteB.aren'tinvitedC.won'tbeinvitedD.didn'tinvite10.I______tostudyhardbymyparents.A.alwaystellB.amalwaystoldC.alwaystoldD.wasalwaystold11.Themeeting______atnineo'clockyesterdaymorning.A.wasbeginningB.beganC.wasbegunD.isbegun12.Thesebooks______inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeptC.havebeenkeptD.kept13.Thethief______bythepolicewhenhewastryingtoescape.A.catchesB.caughtC.wascaughtD.iscaught14.Alotofinformation______ontheInterneteveryday.A.aresentB.issentC.sendsD.send15.Theoldman______tothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident.A.tookB.wastakenC.hastakenD.istaken16.Football______allovertheworld.A.playsB.isplayingC.isplayedD.played17.Ithinkthissong______bymostyoungpeople.A.isknownB.knowsC.knewD.wasknown18.Thework______beforeyoucameback.A.hasbeendoneB.hadbeendoneC.wasdoneD.isdone19.You______toleaveuntilyoufinishyourwork.A.won'tallowB.aren'tallowedC.willallowD.areallowed20.Thebaby______byhermotherwhenIcamein.A.wasbeingfedB.fedC.wasfeedingD.isbeingfedA.makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade22.Theletter______byTomyet.Heisstillwritingit.A.hasn'tfinishedB.wasn'tfinishedC.hasn'tbeenfinishedD.isn'tfinishedA.wascanceledB.canceledC.iscanceledD.cancels24.We______nottotouchtheexhibitsinthemuseum.A.toldB.aretoldC.weretoldD.havetold25.Anewfilm______atthecinemanextweek.A.showsB.willshowC.isshownD.willbeshown26.Thelittleboywasseen______intotheroomquietly.A.togoB.goC.wentD.goes27.Yourhomeworkshould______ontime.A.finishB.befinishedC.finishedD.finishing28.Thehouse______whenwearrived.A.wasbuildingB.wasbeingbuiltC.builtD.isbuilding29.Thewindowsofourclassroom______onceaweek.A.cleanB.cleanedC.arecleanedD.iscleaned30.It______thathehasgonetoAmerica.(二)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(共30題)31.Tea______(grow)inthesouthofChina.32.TheGreatWall______(visit)bymillionsofpeopleeveryyear.33.Mybike______(steal)lastnight.Ihavetowalktoschooltoday.34.Thisproblem______(cansolve)easily.35.Theclassroom______(clean)bythestudentseveryday.36.Anewsupermarket______(build)nearourhomenow.37.Theletter______(write)inEnglish.Canyoureaditforme?38.Manytrees______(plant)inourcityinthepastfewyears.39.Thework______(finish)bythemyesterday.40.You______(shouldnotallow)tosmokehere.42.Thechildren______(takecareof)bytheirauntwhiletheirparentswereaway.43.Thebook______(translate)intoseverallanguagessince2000.44.Thetelephone______(invent)byBellin1876.45.Thissong______(like)bypeopleofallages.46.Themeeting______(hold)inthehalltomorrowafternoon.47.Theoldphotos______(keep)intheboxformanyyears.48.Thepatient______(examine)bythedoctornow.49.Thethief______(notcatch)yet.Thepolicearestilllookingforhim.50.English______(teach)inmostschoolsinChina.51.Thequestion______(discuss)atthemeetingyesterday.53.Alotofgoodadvice______(give)tousbytheteacherlastclass.54.Thechildren______(oftentell)nottoplayinthestreet.55.Theaccident______(happen)at8o'clockthismorning.(提示：happen無(wú)被動(dòng))58.He______(see)toenterthebuildingjustnow.59.Themachines______(make)inGermany.Theyareverygood.60.Theproblem______(talkabout)whenIcamein.(三)將下列主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(共20題)61.PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.62.MymotherwashesclotheseverySunday.63.Theybuiltthishousein1990.64.Wewillholdasportsmeetingnextmonth.66.Shehaswrittenthreebookssofar.67.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforedinner.68.Hetoldmeafunnystoryyesterday.70.Theyhaveplantedthousandsoftreesalongtheroad.71.Everyonelikesthissong.72.Weshouldhelpthepoorchildren.75.Thestudentsarecleaningtheclassroomnow.76.Someonehastakenmydictionary.78.Youcanusethistooltoopenthebox.79.Thedoctorsavedthepatient'slife.80.Weheardhersinginthenextroom.(四)句型轉(zhuǎn)換(共10題，每空一詞)81.Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Rice____________inthesouth.82.Theywillfinishtheprojectintwoweeks.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Theproject__________________intwoweeks.83.Hebrokethewindowyesterday.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thewindow____________byhimyesterday.84.Weshouldplantmoretrees.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Moretrees__________________.85.Theteacherisshowingthestudentsaexperiment.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thestudents__________________aexperimentbytheteacher.86.Mybrotherhasfinishedhishomework.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Hishomework__________________bymybrother.87.TheyspeakFrenchinFrance.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))French____________inFrance.88.Theworkersbuiltthebridgelastyear.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thebridge____________bytheworkerslastyear.89.Wecansolvethisproblem.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Thisproblem__________________.90.ShewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Aletter__________________byherwhenIcamein.(五)用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確語(yǔ)態(tài)填空(共10題)91.Thestoryisverypopular.It______(read)bymanychildren.92.TheOlympicGames______(hold)everyfouryears.93.Thisbook______(write)byafamouswriter.94.Thedoor