2026年高考總復習優化設計一輪復習英語（人教版）-主題 3　Science and Scientists 科學與科學家

主題群四科學與技術主題3

ScienceandScientists科學與科學家英語2026高中總復習優化設計GAOZHONGZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI內容索引主題詞匯主題語篇主題寫作主題詞匯詞匯認知項目課標詞匯非課標詞匯補充詞匯名詞(n.)infectionproofhouseholdsuspect

blamehandleinterventionlink

decreasestatisticmicroscopethinkingproteincellvirusfindingframeworksolidshadow

rainbowconcretemechanic

assistantmissileleadership

abstractconceptastronomer

faultshiftcholera

diarrhoea

dehydrationgerm

pump

epidemiologyvaccine

plasma

aerospace

aviation

jet

trace

astronomycompassbatterystuffdesire

instancechemistbiologist

originspeciesstreamradium

theorycuredeclaration

experimentlightningfiction

metalflashgravity

accountprocedure項目課標詞匯非課標詞匯補充詞匯動詞(v.)subscribe

suspect

blame

handle

linkdecrease

transform

cast

pour

defendshiftinfect

traceshoot

injure

draft

attach

conduct形容詞(adj.)severecontradictorymultiplerawpuresubstantialinitialsolidconcreteoutstandinggiftedabstractbrilliantvividfrustrated

patrioticmechanical

steadyvirtual

flexible

capablepassive

significant

accurate

minor

extraordinary

mental項目課標詞匯非課標詞匯補充詞匯介詞(prep.)besides

beyond副詞(adv.)besides

furthermoreentirely短語(phr.)onceandforallingeneralsubscribetowaterpumpthankstobreakoutunderone’sleadershiptracebacktopointoutinchargeofcomedownwithaboveallvirtualreality

wearabletechinaddition

neversaynevernaturalselection

fieldresearch詞匯拓展1.severeadj.極為惡劣的;十分嚴重的;嚴厲的→

adv.嚴重地;嚴厲地

2.frustratedadj.懊惱的;沮喪的;失意的→

vt.使沮喪;挫敗→

adj.令人懊惱的→

n.懊惱;沮喪

3.infectionn.

感染;傳染→

vt.使感染;傳染→

adj.帶菌的;感染病菌的

4.subscribevi.認購(股份);定期訂購;定期交納(會費)→

n.

訂購;訂閱

5.suspectvt.&vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對象→

n.懷疑→

adj.可疑的

severely

frustrate

frustrating

frustration

infect

infected

subscription

suspicion

suspicious

6.pureadj.干凈的;純的;純粹的→

n.

純潔;純凈;純粹→

adj.不純的;有雜質的

7.transformvt.使改觀;使改變形態vi.

改變;轉變→

n.改觀;改革

8.initialadj.最初的;開始的;第一的→

adv.最初;起初

9.defendvt.保衛;防守;辯解→

n.防御

10.assistantn.助理;助手→

n.

幫助;援助→

vt.幫助;援助

11.leadershipn.領導;領導地位;領導才能→

n.領袖

12.giftedadj.有天賦的;有天才的;天資聰慧的→

n.

天才;天賦13.faultn.弱點;過錯→

adj.有缺陷的;不完美的

purity

impure

transformation

initially

defence

assistance

assist

leader

gift

faulty

詞匯應用用適當的單詞或短語填空1.Thisillnesscauses

(嚴重的)diarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.

2.

(大體上),doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.

3.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyan

(感染)fromgermsinfoodorwater.

4.Snow

(贊成)thesecondtheory.

severe

Ingeneral

infection

subscribedto

5.Therewere

(數量多的)deathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).

6.Throughthis

(干預),thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.

7.Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrank

(純凈的)orboiledwater.

8.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantial

(下降).

9.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snow

(改變)thewayscientistsstudydiseases.

multiple

intervention

pure

decrease

transformed

10.UnderQian’s

(領導),ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.

11.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchan

(杰出的)andcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.

12.StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousand

(有天賦的)scientistsinphysics.

13.Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneof

(抽象的)thought.

leadership

outstanding

gifted

abstract

主題語篇考點淺析1.Snow

suspected

that

the

water

pump

was

to

blame.

斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。【提煉】sthbetoblame【淺析】sthbetoblame意為

“某物該受責備;某物該承擔責任”,該搭配用主動形式表示被動含義。表達

“因某事責備某人”用短語:blamesbforsth或blamesthonsb。【仿寫】(1)這次交通事故的責任在出租車司機。(2)你不該怪他打碎了花瓶。Thetaxidriverwastoblameforthetrafficaccident.Youshouldn’tblamehimforbreakingthevase.2.Perhaps

no

other

scientist

has

had

a

greater

impact

on

China’s

aerospace

science

than

Qian

Xuesen.

也許再沒有哪一位科學家比錢學森對中國航天科學的影響更大了。【提煉】比較級表示最高級的含義【淺析】英語中常用比較級表示最高級的含義,意為“沒有比……更……的了”。【仿寫】(1)你找不到一位比她更合適的保姆了。(2)世界上沒有哪一個人比你的父母更關心你了。Youcannotfindamoresuitablebabysitterthanher.Nootherpersoncaresmoreaboutyouthanyourparentsintheworld.3.Nevertheless,

Qian

did

not

let

that

discourage

him

from

taking

on

the

challenge.然而錢學森并不氣餒,

而是接受挑戰。【提煉】discouragesbfromdoingsth【淺析】discouragesbfromdoingsth為固定搭配,意為

“使某人沒有勇氣干某事”,結構相同的短語還有disablesbfromdoingsth,其意為

“使某人沒有能力干某事”。它們的反義短語是:encouragesbtodosth(鼓勵某人干某事)和enablesbtodosth(使某人能夠干某事)。【仿寫】(1)連續的失敗使他失去了繼續實驗的勇氣。(2)流暢的英語使她在求職面試中脫穎而出。Repeatedfailuresdiscouragedhimfromcarryingonwiththeexperiment.FluentEnglishenabledhertostandoutinthejobinterview.語篇再現Passage

1Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeared1.

(disease)intheworlduntilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showed2.

itcouldbeovercome.

diseaseshow3.

general,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheories4.

(explain)howcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedby5.

infectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribed6.

thesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.7._________________(consequent),whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassosevere8.

morethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindout9.

.

IntoexplainantoConsequentlythatwhyThroughSnow’s10.

(tire)efforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.

tirelessPassage

21.

Qian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,2.

(follow)bythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.In1970,China3.

(success)launcheditsfirstman-madesatellite,DongFangHongⅠ,fromaLongMarchrocket.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftcanalsobetraced4.

toQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.UnderfollowedsuccessfullybackQianreadalotandwasextremely5.

(knowledge),especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.However,6.

mighthavemadehimsuch7.

outstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.Hisdeepappreciationforartoftengavehim8.

(inspire)inhisscientificresearch.

On31,October2009,thewholecountry9.

(sadden)byQian’sdeath,andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhim10.

differentways.

knowledgeablewhataninspirationwassaddenedin主題寫作寫作指導該寫作主題是寫一寫偉大科學家的必備素養(Writeabouttheessentialqualitiesofagreatscientist),屬于人物簡介的記敘文。這類文章一般通過具體事例展示人物的偉大品質。寫作中,可適當使用同位語、非謂語動詞、定語從句等為文章增彩。主題佳句1.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehimfromtakingonthechallenge.然而,錢學森并不氣餒,而是接受挑戰。2.BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftcanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.由于

“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技術也可追根溯源到錢學森的研究,因此錢學森被譽為

“中國航天之父”。3.Qianreadalotandwasextremelyknowledgeable,especiallyintheareaoffrontierscienceresearch.錢學森博覽群書,尤其在前沿科學研究領域知識極其淵博。4.However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.然而,他之所以能成為一名如此杰出、富有創造力的科學家,可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的濃厚興趣。5.So,whatmadeStephenHawkingagenius?Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.那么,是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成為一名天才呢?除了才華橫溢外,他還是一個勇敢的人,盡管有時候言行舉止比較隨意。6.Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay,andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他敢說別人不敢說的話,做別人不敢做的夢。7.Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.此外,他意志堅定。8.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是,霍金敢于承認錯誤。寫作訓練假設某英文網站正在征集讀者最崇拜的杰出女性,請你根據以下提示信息,介紹20世紀杰出的女性之一——海倫·凱勒(HelenKeller)。內容要點如下:1.海倫·凱勒(1880—1968)在19個月大時,因一次疾病導致雙目失明、雙耳失聰,從此便生活在無光、無聲的世界里。2.7歲時,她的父母給她找了一位老師——MissSullivan。MissSullivan在教海倫的過程中遇到了許多困難。由于海倫的堅強意志和智慧,以及老師的技巧和耐心,她們克服了很多困難,取得成功。3.海倫完成了大學教育,取得了英