CAM - 計算機輔助制造

ComputerAidedManufacturingComputerAidedManufacturingAboutClassClasstype：SpecificnecessaryclassTotalhours：36Teaching：32Experiment：4connectwithteacherLiuJishengandYuNingTel(LiYScore：4Teachingmethod：bilingualExamination：ExperimentSmallassignmentCloseandEnglish（2hours）Chapter1:IntroductiontoManufacturing1.1Introduction1.2BasicDefinitionsForManufacturingSystems1.3DesignActivitiesForManufacturingSystems1.4PlanningAndControlActivitiesForManufacturingSystems1.5ManufacturingControl1.1IntroductionWealthNaturalresourcesManufacture(relyon)DistributionandserviceSeveralimprovementsinmanufactureCreateandusehandtools(instoneage)Machinetools(IndustrialRevolution)PartsinterchangeabilitydevelopedinEuropeProduction/assemblylineandmassproductionMassproductionin20thcentury>producemore,better,andinexpensivegoods.DigitalcomputerNCmachinetoolswereinvented,Robotics,CAD,CAM,FMSSmallbatchdynamicproductionenvironsareneededTrend(Smalldemand,lowproduct>massproduction>smallproduct,moreproductvariety)1.2BasicDefinationManufacturingManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessesManufacturingEngineeringManufacturingsystemManufacturingManufacturingisacollectionofinterrelatedoperationsandactivitiesthatincludesproductdesign,materialselection,planning,production,inspection,managementandmarketingoftheproducts,forthemanufacturingindustriesManufacturingproductionAseriesofprocessesadoptedtofabricate(制作)aproductNotincludetheactivityfordesigning,planning,andcontrollingtheproductionManufacturingprocessesManufacturingprocessesarethelower-levelmanufacturingactivitiesusedtomakeproducts.Therearetraditionalmachiningprocesses,forexample,turning,milling,andgrinding,andmoreadvancednonchippingprocesses,forexample,electrochemicalmachining(ECM,電解加工)andelectrodischarge*machining(EDM,放電加工)ManufacturingEngineeringInvolvesthedesign,operation,andcontrolofmanufacturingprocessesItistheheartofdesign,planning,andcontrolofthemanufacturingsystemRequiresknowledgefromotherdisciplines,suchaselectricalengineering,mechanicalengineering,materialsengineering,chemicalengineering,andsystem/informationengineering.ManufacturingsystemAnorganizationthatcomprisesseveralinterrelatedmanufacturingsubsets.Itsobjectiveistointerfacewithoutsideproductionfunctionsinordertooptimizethetotalproductivityperformanceofthesystem,suchasproductiontime,cost,andmachineutilization.Theactivitiesofthesesubsetsincludedesign,planning,manufacturing,andcontrol.Thesesubsetsarealsoconnectedwithproductionfunctionsoutsidethesystem,suchasaccounting,marketing,financing,andpersonnelRelationshipManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineeringPerformanceofManufacturingSystemTimeQualityCostServiceEnvironmentTQCSEComputerAidedManufacturingGenerally,computer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM)canbedefinedas“theapplicationsofcomputersinmanufacturing”.CAMthusincludesalargernumberoffunctions,suchasdesignactivities,processplan,NCprogramming,productionscheduling,manufacturingcontrol,qualitycontrol,analysisandsoon.廣義CAM是指借助計算機來完成從生產準備到產品制造出來的過程中的各項活動，包括工藝過程設計、工裝設計、數控加工編程、生產作業計劃、制造過程控制、質量檢測與分析等。Basically,CAMreferstotheapplicationsofcomputersinNCprogramming.Includedhereareapplicationssuchastoolpathplanning,cutterlocationgeneration,toolpathsimulationandverification,NCcodegenerationandsoon.狹義CAM通常是指計算機在某個制造環節中的應用，通常是指計算機輔助數控加工，即NC程序編制。包括刀具路徑規劃、刀位文件生成、刀具軌跡仿真及NC代碼生成等。ManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineering1.3DesignActivitiesDesignActivitiesFirststepIncludingDesignconceptualizationFunctionidentificationandanalysisProductmodelingMaterialselectionDesignforefficientmanufacturingDimensioningandtoleratingofaproductProductModelingEstablishtheanalyticalandgraphicalrepresentationofproduct.CADisapopularmethodMaterialSelectionSelectingapropermaterialMeetthefunctionalrequirementConnectwiththeprocessingMachineToolsDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDimensioningandtolerancingConnectedtotheselectionofmachineryandamanufacturingprocessMostcommonmistakesOverspecification(公差標注要求過高)TrendManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineering1.4PlanningandControlActivities1.4PlanningandControlActivitiesHowtoguaranteedtheperformanceofamanufacturingsystme?DetailpreliminaryplanningLegitimatecontrolFeedbackofthesystemBecategorizedintoPhysicalresourceMaterial-requirementplanning,capacityplanning,facilityplanning,inventorycontrol,toolmanagementInformation/knowledgeCommunication,manufacturingdatabase.TimeProductionscheduling1.4PlanningandControlActivitiesMaterial-requirementsplanningMasterproduction-schedulerequirementsRawmaterialInventorystatusSubassemblysequencesWorkordersandschedulingnotices

production-schedule：生產進度表

rawmaterial：原材料billofmaterial：材料單

inventory：存貨storagewarehouse：存儲型倉庫workorders：作業命令書schedulingnotice：日程安排通知書shopfloor：車間、工廠CapacityPlanningIdentifythenumberofMachinePersonsMaterial-handingresourceToolingAvailabilityofshiftsperworkdayTheworkdayperworkweekmaterialhandling：物料輸送tooling：機床配備成套工具shifts：班次工作時間subcontract：轉包工程（dayshift/nightshift）Facilityandmaterial-handlingdeviceplanningSelectandarrangethephysicallayoutforManufacturingfacilitiesMaterial-handlingdeviceStoragespaceLayout：布局圖InventorycontrolThegoalGuaranteenodelaysofthematerialsupplyMinimizegoodsintheinventory.JIT(Just-in-time)inventory：存貨economic：經濟(上)的,產供銷的workinprocess（WIP）：在產品

just-in-time(JIT)：及時供給ToolmanagementTrackingoftoollocationCuttingelapsedtimeTimesforreconditioningMinimizingtoolbreakageelapsedtime：經過（占用）時間recondition：修理、修磨toolwearandbreakage：刀具磨損及破損SchedulingDispatchjobordersSeveralrulesFIFO(Firstin,Firstout)SPT(Shortest-processing-time)LIFO(Lastin,Firstout)SeveralfactorscanmeasurethescheduleFlowtime,makespan,machineutilization,anddue-dateconstraintsjoborder：工作單Flowtime:流動時間

makespan：作業期due-date

：到期日、支付日QualityControlThegoalEnsurethefinalacceptabilityofaproduct.TheresponsiveactivitiesInspectionSamplingManufacturinginformationmanagementDealwiththeflowandallocationofinformationconcerningmanufacturingresourceandfunctions.WorkersMachinesMaterialsToolingComputerdatabasesInformationandcommunicationEspeciallyimportantforlargeandcomputer-integratedmanufacturingsystems(CIMS).Smunicationprotocol：通信協議1.5ManufacturingControlOndifferentlevel,thereisdifferentcontrol.FactorylevelProductioncenterlevelCelllevelWorkstationlevelProcesslevel1.5ManufacturingControlAtthefactorylevel,controlusuallyreferstothecoordinationofavarietyofactivitiestoensureprofitableoperation.Materialsmanagementandcapacityplanningareprincipalcontrolfunctionsatthislevel.1.5ManufacturingControlAttheproductioncenterlevel,themajorfocusofcontrolisonthecoordinationofactivitiestomaximizecellutilizationandminimizeinventorylevels.

1.5ManufacturingControlAtthecelllevel,controlbecomesinvolvedwiththeschedulingofindividualpartsontomachines.Schedulingisamajorcomponentofcellcontrol.1.5ManufacturingControlTheselectionandapplicationofvariables,suchasspeeds,feeds,tooling,toolpathsandsoon,formtheprimaryfocusoftheworkstationcontroller.1.5ManufacturingControlAtthemanufacturingprocesslevel,motors,switches,feedbackdevices,andsoon,mustbecontrolledinordertoattainthedesiredmachinekinematicsrequiredtoproduceapart.Today'snewengineeringthrustsAgileengineering/敏捷制造Virtualmanufacturing/虛擬制造Nanotechnologies/納米技術Rapidprototyping/快速成型Agileengineering

Asetofintegrationlinkagesthatallowcross-functionalactivitiestooccurtransparentlyforthedesigner,processengineerandproductionengineer.Focusatrapidresponsetocustomerandproductchanges(demandanddesign).VirtualmanufacturingInavirtualenterprise,avarietyofmanufacturingresourceentities(possiblyevencompetitors)willbeassessabletoadesigner.Forexample,ifaspecialplanningormanufacturingprocessisrequiredtobringanewproducttofruition,thedesignerwouldhaveaccesstoexistingmanufacturingfacilitieswiththese